{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:13:09Z","timestamp":1761894789226,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,26]],"date-time":"2008-10-26T04:17:14Z","timestamp":1224994634000},"page":"587-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vitamin D and breast cancer risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kay W.","family":"Colston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-3-4-331","article-title":"The vitamin D endocrine system: steroid metabolism, hormone receptors and biological response (calcium binding proteins)","volume":"3","author":"Norman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-6-1916","article-title":"Organ distribution of the cytoplasmic 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptor in various mouse tissues","volume":"107","author":"Colston","year":"1980","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1126\/science.505004","article-title":"Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid","volume":"20","author":"Stumpf","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-3-1083","article-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and malignant melanoma: the presence of receptors and inhibition of cell growth in culture","volume":"108","author":"Colston","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.8.4990","article-title":"Differenctiation of mouse myeloid leukaemia cells induced by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"78","author":"Abe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203888","article-title":"The anti-proliferative effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 on breast and prostate cancer cells are associated with induction of BRCA1 gene expression","volume":"19","author":"Campbell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0190015","article-title":"Inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cells by a 19-nor-hexafluoride vitamin D3 analogue involves the induction of p21waf1, p27kip1 and E-cadheren","volume":"19","author":"Campbell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46862","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306340200","article-title":"Vitamin D inhibits G1 to S progression in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells through p27Kip1 stabilization and Cdk2 mislocalization in the cytoplasm","volume":"278","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib9","first-page":"4848","article-title":"Apoptosis induced by vitamin D compounds in breast cancer cells is inhibited by Bcl-2 but does not involve known caspases or p53","volume":"59","author":"Mathiasen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1218","article-title":"Altered nuclear receptor corepressor expression attenuates vitamin D receptor signalling in breast cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Banwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.012","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D3 receptor ablation on murine mammary gland development and tumorigenesis","volume":"89\u201390","author":"Zinser","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0469","article-title":"Accelerated mammary gland development during pregnancy and delayed postlactational involution in vitamin D3 receptor null mice","volume":"18","author":"Zinser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib13","first-page":"45","article-title":"Mechanisms implicated in the growth regulatory effects of vitamin D in breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Colston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.2.176","article-title":"Influence of dietary calcium and vitamin D on diet-induced epithelial cell hyperproliferation in mice","volume":"91","author":"Xue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib15","first-page":"2898","article-title":"Effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D on growth and mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in female Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"49","author":"Jacobson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10196","article-title":"An ecological study of dietary and solar ultra violet B links to breast carcinoma mortality rates","volume":"94","author":"Grant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib17","first-page":"399","article-title":"Vitamin D and breast cancer risk: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971\u20131975 to 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"8","author":"John","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0075","article-title":"Vitamin D, calcium, and breast cancer risk: a review","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.17.1301","article-title":"Intake of dairy products, calcium and vitamin D and risk of breast cancer","volume":"94","author":"Shin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib20","first-page":"191","article-title":"The relation of solar radiation to cancer mortality in North America","volume":"1","author":"Apperley","year":"1941","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(90)90058-R","article-title":"Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: a hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation","volume":"19","author":"Garland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.4.820","article-title":"Sunlight and breast cancer incidence in the USSR","volume":"19","author":"Gorham","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198203253061206","article-title":"Vitamin D synthesis and metabolism after ultraviolet irradiation of normal and vitamin D-deficient subjects","volume":"306","author":"Adams","year":"1982","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980099000385","article-title":"Association between low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk","volume":"2","author":"Janowsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.6.461","article-title":"Prediagnostic serum vitamin D and breast cancer","volume":"90","author":"Hiatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0722","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Bertone-Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.01.017","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, vitamin D receptor genotype and breast cancer risk in a UK Caucasian population","volume":"41","author":"Lowe","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.007","article-title":"Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis","volume":"103","author":"Garland","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib29","first-page":"239","article-title":"Immunocytochemical detection of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor in breast cancer and relation to prognosis","volume":"51","author":"Berger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.6.915","article-title":"A vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in the translation initiation codon: effect on protein activity and relation to bone mineral density in Japanese women","volume":"12","author":"Arai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib31","first-page":"93","article-title":"Strength of linkage disequilibrium between two vitamin D receptor markers in five ethnic groups: implications for association studies","volume":"6","author":"Ingles","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0283","article-title":"Associations between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and breast cancer risk","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1864","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk in a UK Caucasian population","volume":"85","author":"Bretherton-Watt","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0206","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk","volume":"10","author":"Guy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008979417618","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor genotype and breast cancer in Latinas (United States)","volume":"11","author":"Ingles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19991210)83:6<723::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Association of a vitamin D receptor polymorphism with sporadic breast cancer development","volume":"83","author":"Curran","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R84","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1833","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in a large population-based case control study of Caucasian and African-American women","volume":"9","author":"Trabert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-006-9228-6","article-title":"Genetic determinants of bone mass do not relate with breast cancer risk in US white and African-American women","volume":"100","author":"VandeVord","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1642","article-title":"Vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms, diet and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: a nested case-control study","volume":"9","author":"McCullough","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib40","first-page":"43","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with metastatic breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ruggiero","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib41","first-page":"2332","article-title":"Association of breast cancer progression with a vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism. South-East Sweden Breast Cancer Group","volume":"59","author":"Lundin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.06.004","article-title":"Biological actions of extra-renal 25-hydroxvitamin D-1a-hydroxylase and implications for chemoprevention and treatment","volume":"97","author":"Townsend","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/75985","article-title":"Quantitative mapping of amplicon structure by array CGH identifies CYP24 as a candidate oncogene","volume":"25","author":"Alberton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib44","first-page":"2573","article-title":"Vitamin D and breast cancer risk","volume":"26","author":"Colston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-6-2488","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol receptor regulation in hormonally induced differentiation of mouse mammary gland in culture","volume":"120","author":"Mezzetti","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib46","first-page":"385","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, circulating vitamin D metabolites and risk of prostate cancer in United States physicians","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678S","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers and cardiovascular disease","volume":"80","author":"Holick","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80407-7","article-title":"Circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in children with nutritional rickets","volume":"103","author":"Garabedian","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"year":"2000","series-title":"National diet and nutrition survey: young people aged 4 to18 years","author":"Gregory","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib49"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1706S","article-title":"Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"80","author":"Heaney","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719287","article-title":"Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"22","author":"Heaney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition"},{"volume":"49","year":"1998","author":"Department of Health","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib52"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals","author":"Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib53"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9020-x","article-title":"Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's health study","volume":"18","author":"Robien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.6","article-title":"Risk assessment for vitamin D","volume":"85","author":"Hathcock","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X08000882?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X08000882?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:39:31Z","timestamp":1761496771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X08000882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X08000882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1521-690X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D and breast cancer risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2008.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}