{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:43:15Z","timestamp":1783485795532,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]],"date-time":"2009-11-27T13:44:35Z","timestamp":1259329475000},"page":"753-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Medications that distort in vitro tests of thyroid function, with particular reference to estimates of serum free thyroxine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jim R.","family":"Stockigt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Fee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.03.005","article-title":"Syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone; genetic defects in hormone receptors, cell transporters and deiodination","volume":"21","author":"Refetoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib2","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Investigating the paradox of hypothyroidism and increased TSH levels in Sheehan's syndrome: characterization of TSH carbohydrate content and bioactivity","volume":"86","author":"Oliviera","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1310331","article-title":"Variable biological activity of thyroid stimulating hormone","volume":"131","author":"Beck-Peccoz","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib4","series-title":"Oxford textbook of endocrinology and diabetes","first-page":"306","article-title":"Thyroid function tests and the effect of drugs","author":"Stockigt","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2006.09.009","article-title":"Changes within the thyroid axis during the course of critical illness","volume":"35","author":"Mebis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512213332507","article-title":"Drugs and thyroid function","volume":"333","author":"Surks","year":"1995","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib7","author":"National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2008.007086","article-title":"Effects of long-term storage of filter paper blood samples on neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxin and 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone measurements","volume":"15","author":"Lando","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Screening"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib9","first-page":"881","article-title":"Evaluation of AutoDelfia and access automated immunoassay systems for third generation assays for thyrotropin","volume":"33","author":"Hebles-Duvison","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.3.440","article-title":"Antibody interference in thyroid assays: a potential for clinical misinformation","volume":"44","author":"Despres","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10037","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1037","article-title":"Interferences in immunoassays \u2013 still a threat","volume":"46","author":"Kricka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/108.4.417","article-title":"Heterophilic antibody remains a problem for the immunoassay laboratory","volume":"108","author":"Ward","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib13","series-title":"Immunoassays for clinical chemistry","first-page":"pp531","article-title":"Immunometric assays using monoclonal antibodies","author":"Hunter","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib14","author":"Scantibodies laboratories"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.4.613","article-title":"Immunometric assay interference: incidence and prevention","volume":"48","author":"Bjerner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2008.008066","article-title":"Interference from heterophilic antibodies in seven current TSH assays","volume":"45","author":"Ross","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02563.x","article-title":"Multiple spuriously abnormal thyroid function indices due to heterophilic antibodies","volume":"41","author":"Flad","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-4-579","article-title":"Autoantibodies against thyroid hormones or iodothyronine","volume":"103","author":"Sakata","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-4-736","article-title":"Evaluation of free T4 methods in the presence of iodothyronine autoantibodies","volume":"58","author":"Beck-Peccoz","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.7.1408","article-title":"\u201cUnbound analog\u201d radioimmunoassays for free thyroxin measure the albumin-bound hormone fraction","volume":"29","author":"Stockigt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00419.x","article-title":"Serum substances that interfere with thyroid hormone assays in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"48","author":"Iitaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-5-1025","article-title":"Interaction of furosemide with serum thyroxine-binding sites: in vivo and in vitro studies and comparison with other inhibitors","volume":"60","author":"Stockigt","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib23","series-title":"Pharmacotherapeutics of the thyroid gland","first-page":"119","article-title":"Thyroid hormone transport","author":"Stockigt","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-6-1141","article-title":"Drug competition for thyroxine binding to transthyretin (prealbumin): comparison with effects on thyroxine-binding globulin","volume":"68","author":"Munro","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.7.1289","article-title":"The free hormone hypothesis and measurement of free hormones","volume":"38","author":"Ekins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-5-1031","article-title":"Normal free thyroxine in critical nonthyroidal illnesses measured by ultrafiltration of undiluted serum and equilibrium dialysis","volume":"67","author":"Surks","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530430039036","article-title":"Normal free thyroxine concentrations in patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine: a paradox resolved","volume":"275","author":"Surks","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-1-5","article-title":"Measurement of free hormones in blood","volume":"11","author":"Ekins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib29","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"2215","article-title":"Thyroid hormone binding and variants of transport proteins","author":"Stockigt","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-6-1394","article-title":"Effect of free fatty acids on the concentration of free thyroxine in human serum: the role of albumin","volume":"63","author":"Mendel","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-4-682","article-title":"Drug and fatty acid effects on serum thyroid hormone binding","volume":"67","author":"Lim","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-1-62","article-title":"High concentrations of furosemide inhibit serum binding of thyroxine","volume":"59","author":"Stockigt","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.12.2550","article-title":"Furosemide interference in newer free thyroxine assays","volume":"44","author":"Hawkins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1986.tb04497.x","article-title":"Non-isotopic spectrophotometric determination of the unbound fraction of drugs in serum","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105320","article-title":"Free thyroxine in human serum: simplified measurement with aid of magnesium precipitation","volume":"45","author":"Sterling","year":"1966","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-6-1259","article-title":"Mechanism of the heparin-induced increase in the concentration of free thyroxine in plasma","volume":"65","author":"Mendel","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39687-5","article-title":"Analysis of techniques to obtain plasma for measurement of levels of free fatty acids","volume":"34","author":"Zambon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1996.6.79","article-title":"Extremely low doses of heparin release lipase activity into the plasma and can thereby cause artefactual elevations in the serum free thyroxine concentrations as measured by equilibrium dialysis","volume":"6","author":"Jaume","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.5.1002","article-title":"Misleading serum free thyroxine results during low molecular weight heparin treatment","volume":"44","author":"Stevenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-5-1106","article-title":"Interactions between oleic acid and drug competitors influence specific binding of thyroxine in serum","volume":"73","author":"Lim","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90200-8","article-title":"Influence of a naturally-occurring furanoid acid on the potency of drug competitors for specific thyroxine binding in serum","volume":"42","author":"Lim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1987.tb00799.x","article-title":"Effect of oral furosemide on diagnostic indices of thyroid function","volume":"26","author":"Newnham","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib43","first-page":"3095","article-title":"Salsalate administration as a potential pharmacological model of the sick euthyroid syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90117-4","article-title":"Serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor in non-thyroidal illness","volume":"35","author":"Chopra","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-3-776","article-title":"The role of thyroxine-binding serum proteins in oleic acid-induced increase in free T4 in nonthyroidal illness","volume":"63","author":"Chopra","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90230-T","article-title":"Inability to detect an inhibitor to thyroxine-serum protein binding in sera from patients with nonthyroidal illness","volume":"40","author":"Mendel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.11.6966","article-title":"A characteristic serpin cleavage product of thyroxine-binding globulin appears in sepsis sera","volume":"85","author":"Jirasakuldech","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8332","article-title":"Characterization of T4-binding globulin cleaved by human elastase","volume":"87","author":"Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.3.418","article-title":"Intermethod discordant free thyroxine measurements in bone marrow-transplanted patients","volume":"46","author":"Sapin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-1-45","article-title":"Thyroid hormone metabolism and thyroid diseases in chronic renal failure","volume":"17","author":"Kaptein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib51","author":"Glinoer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.9.1891","article-title":"Low-normal concentrations of free thyroxine in late pregnancy; physiological fact, not technical artefact","volume":"35","author":"Ball","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350244","article-title":"Thyroid function evaluation by different commercially available free thyroid hormone measurement kits in term pregnant women and their newborns","volume":"14","author":"Roti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib54","article-title":"Free T4 assays are flawed during pregnancy","volume":"260","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib55","first-page":"2338","article-title":"Free fatty acids and insulin resistance during pregnancy","volume":"83","author":"Sivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.098293","article-title":"Free thyroid hormones in serum by direct equilibrium dialysis and on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Yue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.100164","article-title":"A major step forward in the routine measurement of serum free thyroid hormones","volume":"54","author":"Thienpont","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib58","first-page":"309","article-title":"Neuroendocrinology of prolonged critical illness: effects of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its combination with growth hormone secretagogues","volume":"83","author":"Van den Berghe","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib59","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Reactivation of pituitary hormone release and metabolic improvement by infusion of growth hormone releasing peptides and thyrotropin releasing hormone in patients with protracted critical illness","volume":"84","author":"Van den Berghe","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004_bib60","author":"Stockigt"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X09000736?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X09000736?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:41:37Z","timestamp":1761496897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X09000736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X09000736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medications that distort in vitro tests of thyroid function, with particular reference to estimates of serum free thyroxine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}