{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:38:15Z","timestamp":1773326295749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,13]],"date-time":"2010-09-13T06:58:04Z","timestamp":1284361084000},"page":"527-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Vitamin D and pregnancy: An old problem revisited"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"McElduff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.069575","article-title":"The re-emerging burden of rickets: a decade of experience from Sydney","volume":"91","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1217","article-title":"Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section","volume":"94","author":"Merewood","year":"2009","journal-title":"JCEM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1454","article-title":"Nonclassic actions of vitamin D","volume":"94","author":"Bikle","year":"2009","journal-title":"JCEM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.01.012","article-title":"Misconceptions \u2013 vitamin D insufficiency causes malabsorption of calcium","volume":"42","author":"Need","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1730","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"167","author":"Autier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib6","first-page":"3699","article-title":"Epidemiology of vitamin D insufficiency and cancer mortality","volume":"29","author":"Pilz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1629","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population","volume":"168","author":"Melamed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02359.x","article-title":"Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U.S. adults","volume":"57","author":"Ginde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of American Geriatric Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.140","article-title":"Relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in older community-dwelling adults","volume":"64","author":"Semba","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj101","article-title":"Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men","volume":"98","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.513655","article-title":"Low vitamin D levels predict stroke in patients referred to coronary angiography","volume":"39","author":"Pilz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0784","article-title":"Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography","volume":"93","author":"Pilz","year":"2008","journal-title":"JCEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib14","series-title":"14th International congress of endocrinology","article-title":"Calcium supplement effects on vascular events","author":"Reid","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1586","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial","volume":"85","author":"Lappe","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040103","article-title":"A prospective study of plasma vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg110","article-title":"Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and colorectal adenomas: results of a randomized trial","volume":"95","author":"Grau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0448","article-title":"Effects of supplemental vitamin D and calcium on oxidative DNA damage marker in normal colorectal mucosa: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Fedirko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24749","article-title":"A phase 2 trial exploring the effects of high-dose (10,000IU\/day) vitamin D3 in breast cancer patients with bone metastases","volume":"116","author":"Amir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055222","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer","volume":"354","author":"Wactawski-Wende","year":"2006","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp103","article-title":"Review and meta-analysis on vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and cancer risk","volume":"30","author":"Raimondi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0298","article-title":"The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Pittas","year":"2007","journal-title":"JCEM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02422.x","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D deficiency, ethnicity and gestational diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Clifton-Bligh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/351385","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity for glucose homeostasis","volume":"2010","author":"Alvarez","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj278","article-title":"Meta-analysis of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes: a HuGE review of genetic association studies","volume":"164","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00710.x","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Palomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kayaniyil S, Vieth R, Retnakaran R, et\u00a0al. Association of vitamin D with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2010; 33(6): 1379\u20131381.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2321"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.093831","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with markers of the insulin resistant phenotype in nondiabetic adults","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.820","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction","volume":"79","author":"Chiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.11","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration correlates with insulin-sensitivity and BMI in obesity","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02636.x","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the short-term effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy, middle-aged, centrally obese men","volume":"26","author":"Nagpal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W, Coad, J. Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in South Asian women living in New Zealand who are insulin resistant and vitamin D deficient \u2013 a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition;103:4:549\u2013555.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0020-3","article-title":"Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not improve glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels","volume":"48","author":"Jorde","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afp109","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in older people (RECORD trial, ISRCTN 51647438)","volume":"38","author":"Avenell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02360.x","article-title":"Vitamin D improves endothelial function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and low vitamin D levels","volume":"25","author":"Sugden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.04.009","article-title":"Glucose tolerance and vitamin D: effects of treating vitamin D deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Tai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080420","article-title":"Vitamin D and health: perspectives from mice and man","volume":"23","author":"Bouillon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib38","first-page":"628","article-title":"Vitamin D and its role in skeletal muscle","volume":"12","author":"Ceglia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.07.002","article-title":"Vitamin D and skeletal muscle tissue and function","volume":"29","author":"Ceglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005465.pub4","article-title":"Interventions for preventing falls in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals","volume":"Jan 20","author":"Cameron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0248-x","article-title":"Vitamin D-related changes in physical performance: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Annweiler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b3692","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3692","article-title":"Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"339","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib43","first-page":"832","article-title":"Maternal-fetal calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy, puerperium, and lactation","volume":"18","author":"Kovacs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110072","article-title":"Influence of the vitamin D-binding protein on the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Significance of the free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration","volume":"67","author":"Bouillon","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1479","article-title":"Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations and offspring birth size","volume":"91","author":"Morley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1752S","article-title":"Vitamin D requirements during lactation: high-dose maternal supplementation as therapy to prevent hypovitaminosis D for both the mother and the nursing infant","volume":"80","author":"Hollis","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-005-5396-y","article-title":"Calcium sensing by the mammary gland","volume":"10","author":"VanHouten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib48","first-page":"5","article-title":"Why calcium in breastmilk is independent of maternal dietary calcium and vitamin D","volume":"17","author":"Kent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breastfeeding Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.006","article-title":"Vitamin D intake during pregnancy: association with maternal characteristics and infant birth weight","volume":"85","author":"Scholl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to fetal and neonatal growth: results of the multi-ethnic Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort","author":"Leffelaar","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.119636","article-title":"Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with small-for-gestational age births in white women","volume":"140","author":"Bodnar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib52","article-title":"Low maternal vitamin D status and fetal bone development: cohort study","author":"Mahon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1391","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status determines bone variables in the newborn","volume":"95","author":"Viljakainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-1158-9","article-title":"Reduced tibial speed of sound in Chinese infants at birth compared with Caucasian peers: the effects of race, gender, and vitamin D on fetal bone development","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"9504","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67922-1","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study","volume":"367","author":"Javaid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.119792","article-title":"Hypocalcaemia and vitamin D deficiency: an important, but preventable, cause of life-threatening infant heart failure","volume":"94","author":"Maiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-009-9444-z","article-title":"Hypocalcemic rickets and dilated cardiomyopathy: case reports and review of literature","volume":"30","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469900464","article-title":"Cardiac functions in children with vitamin D deficiency rickets","volume":"20","author":"Uysal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00949.x","article-title":"Maternal diet during pregnancy and allergic sensitization in the offspring by 5yrs of age: a prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Nwaru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib60","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy increases gene expression of ILT3 and ILT4 in cord blood","author":"Rochat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.853","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and early childhood wheezing","volume":"85","author":"Devereux","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib62","article-title":"Dairy food, calcium, and vitamin D intake in pregnancy and wheeze and eczema in infants","author":"Miyake","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.788","article-title":"Maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of recurrent wheeze in children at 3y of age","volume":"85","author":"Camargo","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.6.1128","article-title":"Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population-based, case-control study","volume":"78","author":"Stene","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2006.00223.x","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and diabetes-related autoimmunity in the ABIS study","volume":"8","author":"Brekke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatric Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.128579","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Zipitis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03234.x","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy is inversely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in 5-year-old children","volume":"39","author":"Erkkola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00205.x","article-title":"A potential role for vitamin D on HIV infection?","volume":"64","author":"Villamor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1086\/605699","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and child mortality and their association with maternal vitamin D status in Tanzania","volume":"200","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.737","article-title":"Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Maghbooli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050640","article-title":"Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on glucose metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"Rudnicki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0718","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of preeclampsia","volume":"92","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"JCEM"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080562","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in up-regulating VEGF and reducing the risk of pre-eclampsia","volume":"116","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.020","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates VEGF production through a vitamin D response element in the VEGF promoter","volume":"204","author":"Cardus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.02.005","article-title":"Calcitriol inhibits TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory cytokines in human trophoblasts","volume":"81","author":"Diaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a70f08","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous women","volume":"20","author":"Haugen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000298772","article-title":"Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on toxaemia of pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Marya","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90350-6","article-title":"Prevention of preeclampsia with calcium supplementation and vitamin D3 in an antenatal protocol","volume":"47","author":"Ito","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042973","article-title":"Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes","volume":"352","author":"Crowther","year":"2005","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902430","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes","volume":"361","author":"Landon","year":"2009","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib81","article-title":"Replete vitamin D stores predict reproductive success following in vitro fertilization","author":"Ozkan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S1028-4559(09)60275-8","article-title":"The effects of calcium-vitamin D and metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Rashidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.507S","article-title":"Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs","volume":"88","author":"Hollis","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2009.06.001","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D measurement, 2009: a review for clinicians","volume":"12","author":"Binkley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Densitometry"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.511S","article-title":"Development of a standard reference material for vitamin D in serum","volume":"88","author":"Phinney","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib86","series-title":"Vitamin D","first-page":"569","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and intoxication. What do they mean?","author":"Peacock","year":"1985"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06701.x","article-title":"Vitamin D and adult bone health in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement","volume":"182","author":"Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071003","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hip fracture risk in older U.S. white adults","volume":"23","author":"Looker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2250","article-title":"Low vitamin D status despite abundant sun exposure","volume":"92","author":"Binkley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06405.x","article-title":"Postnatal evaluation of vitamin D and bone health in women who were vitamin D-deficient in pregnancy, and in their infants","volume":"181","author":"Thomson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00302.x","article-title":"Treatment of vitamin D deficiency with UV light in patients with malabsorption syndromes: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Chandra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1706S","article-title":"Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"80","author":"Heaney","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X10000540?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X10000540?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:43:27Z","timestamp":1761497007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X10000540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X10000540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D and pregnancy: An old problem revisited","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}