{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T06:19:48Z","timestamp":1793513988081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:26:33Z","timestamp":1444955193000},"page":"149-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Carcinoid heart disease: Diagnosis and management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sushil A.","family":"Luis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Pellikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.045","article-title":"Analysis of 150 patients with carcinoid syndrome seen in a single year at one institution in the first decade of the twenty-first century","volume":"101","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1188","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients","volume":"87","author":"Pellikka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib3","first-page":"400","article-title":"Circulating plasma and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in carcinoid heart disease: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62328-8","article-title":"Surgical pathology of carcinoid heart disease: a study of 139 valves from 75 patients spanning 20 years","volume":"77","author":"Simula","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901","article-title":"Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine\u2013phentermine","volume":"337","author":"Connolly","year":"1997","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-1-50","article-title":"Valve disease associated with ergot alkaloid use: echocardiographic and pathologic correlations","volume":"117","author":"Redfield","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000225947","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: echocardiography","volume":"90","author":"Plockinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.05.047","article-title":"Usefulness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of the presence of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"102","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181ebaffd","article-title":"NANETS consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"39","author":"Vinik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.7047","article-title":"Chromogranin-A and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: an excellent pair of biomarkers for diagnostics in patients with neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"27","author":"Korse","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000225952","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: follow-up and documentation","volume":"90","author":"Arnold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31828e34a4","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the management and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"42","author":"Kunz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2008.10.013","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"64","author":"Sandmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2011-038","article-title":"New images in carcinoid heart disease","volume":"23","author":"Klobucic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553750","article-title":"Prognosis of carcinoid heart disease: analysis of 200 cases over two decades","volume":"112","author":"Moller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00354-4","article-title":"Echocardiographic and biochemical evaluation of the development and progression of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"32","author":"Denney","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021451","article-title":"Factors associated with progression of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"348","author":"Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000313596","article-title":"Evaluation of treatment with bosentan in patients with carcinoid heart disease: single center study","volume":"33","author":"Lafaras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60834-3","article-title":"Role of hepatic resection for patients with carcinoid heart disease","volume":"83","author":"Bernheim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.03.029","article-title":"Hepatic resection for the carcinoid syndrome in patients with severe carcinoid heart disease: does valve replacement permit safe hepatic resection?","volume":"213","author":"Lillegard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00374-Y","article-title":"Outcome of cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Connolly","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezr227","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease: outcomes after surgical valve replacement","volume":"41","author":"Mokhles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu146","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with carcinoid heart disease after valvular surgery","volume":"19","author":"Manoly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I51","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000032884.55215.87","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease: impact of pulmonary valve replacement in right ventricular function and remodeling","volume":"106","author":"Connolly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I36","DOI":"10.1161\/hc37t1.094898","article-title":"Surgical management of left-sided carcinoid heart disease","volume":"104","author":"Connolly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.12.036","article-title":"Early and late results of valvular surgery for carcinoid heart disease","volume":"51","author":"Castillo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.10.035","article-title":"Outcomes, risks and complications of cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease","volume":"40","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.02.009","article-title":"Acute renal failure after cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis","volume":"45","author":"Regner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000284704.57806.0b","article-title":"Intraoperative management of patients with carcinoid heart disease having valvular surgery: a review of one hundred consecutive cases","volume":"105","author":"Weingarten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X15000949?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X15000949?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:50:01Z","timestamp":1761497401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X15000949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X15000949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carcinoid heart disease: Diagnosis and management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2015.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}