{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:15:47Z","timestamp":1791605747052,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T23:30:54Z","timestamp":1522971054000},"page":"373-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism from prenatal life to adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude","family":"Carel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0548","article-title":"Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden","volume":"165","author":"Abraham-Nordling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01252.x","article-title":"Increasing incidence of childhood Graves' disease in Hong Kong: a follow-up study","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb00669.x","article-title":"Increasing incidence of childhood thyrotoxicosis in a population-based area of central Sweden","volume":"93","author":"Forssberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03717.x","article-title":"Incidence of thyrotoxicosis in childhood: a national population based study in the UK and Ireland","volume":"72","author":"Williamson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000430985","article-title":"Increasing incidence of juvenile thyrotoxicosis in Denmark: a nationwide study, 1998-2012","volume":"84","author":"Havgaard Kjaer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-06-0651","article-title":"Chronic iodine excess does not increase the incidence of hyperthyroidism: a prospective community-based epidemiological survey in China","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1596","article-title":"Thyroid abnormalities in the McCune-Albright syndrome: ultrasonography and hormonal studies","volume":"71","author":"Feuillan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320304","article-title":"Brief report: congenital hyperthyroidism caused by a mutation in the thyrotropin-receptor gene","volume":"332","author":"Kopp","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib9","first-page":"2023","article-title":"A\u00a0neomutation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in a severe neonatal hyperthyroidism","volume":"81","author":"de Roux","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2524","article-title":"Pituitary-thyroid feedback in a patient with a sporadic activating thyrotropin (TSH) receptor mutation: implication that thyroid-secreted factors other than thyroid hormones contribute to serum TSH levels","volume":"94","author":"Gelwane","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000357143","article-title":"Autonomous adenomas caused by somatic mutations of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in children","volume":"81","author":"Grob","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010263431707","article-title":"Graves' disease","volume":"343","author":"Weetman","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14073-1","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism","volume":"362","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.727","article-title":"What is the evidence of genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease? A brief review","volume":"8","author":"Brix","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib15","first-page":"930","article-title":"Evidence for a major role of heredity in Graves' disease: a population-based study of two Danish twin cohorts","volume":"86","author":"Brix","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.01.013","article-title":"Genetics of thyroid autoimmunity and the role of the TSHR","volume":"322","author":"Brand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1024","article-title":"Regulation of Graves' hyperthyroidism with naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in a mouse model","volume":"147","author":"Saitoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.053","article-title":"Immunologic endocrine disorders","volume":"125","author":"Michels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0751","article-title":"Peculiarities of Graves' disease in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome","volume":"162","author":"De Luca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346552","article-title":"Graves' disease prevalence in a young population with Turner syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Wasniewska","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2008.0014","article-title":"Pediatric thyroid-associated orbitopathy: the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia experience and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Goldstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib22","first-page":"234","article-title":"Pediatric aspects in Graves' orbitopathy","volume":"7","author":"Gogakos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.035980","article-title":"Juvenile thyrotoxicosis; can we do better?","volume":"89","author":"Birrell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e616","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0686","article-title":"Rising serum thyroxine levels and chorea in graves' disease","volume":"131","author":"Leblicq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.106219","article-title":"Reduced bone mineral density at diagnosis and bone mineral recovery during treatment in children with Graves' disease","volume":"137","author":"Lucidarme","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0959","article-title":"Triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease in childhood: detection and therapeutic implications","volume":"172","author":"Harvengt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0842","article-title":"Predictors of autoimmune hyperthyroidism relapse in children after discontinuation of antithyroid drug treatment","volume":"93","author":"Kaguelidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4026","article-title":"Clinical relevance of thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies in pediatric graves' disease-a multicenter study","volume":"99","author":"Diana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib29","first-page":"1719","article-title":"Predictors of early remission of hyperthyroidism in children","volume":"82","author":"Glaser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 American thyroid association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib31","first-page":"310","article-title":"Graves' disease in childhood: advances in management with antithyroid drug therapy","volume":"71","author":"Kaguelidou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.17.3.456","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American thyroid association and American association of clinical endocrinologists","volume":"17","author":"Bahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000320028","article-title":"Pediatric Graves' disease: controversies in management","volume":"74","author":"Rivkees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R59","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0938","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: arguments for the prolonged use of antithyroid drugs in children with Graves' disease","volume":"177","author":"Leger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030185","article-title":"Antithyroid drugs in the management of patients with Graves' disease: an evidence-based approach to therapeutic controversies","volume":"88","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042972","article-title":"Antithyroid drugs","volume":"352","author":"Cooper","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0612","article-title":"Antithyroid drug treatment for graves' disease in children: a long-term retrospective study at a single institution","volume":"24","author":"Ohye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176970","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-176970","article-title":"Adverse events associated with methimazole therapy of graves' disease in children","volume":"2010","author":"Rivkees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0603","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive small-vessel vasculitis associated with antithyroid drug therapy: how significant is the clinical problem?","volume":"25","author":"Balavoine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02029.x","article-title":"Propylthiouracil and carbimazole associated-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with Graves' disease","volume":"60","author":"Harper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.26.1","article-title":"Relationship between dose of antithyroid drugs and adverse events in pediatric patients with Graves' disease","volume":"26","author":"Yasuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00113-3","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: a genome-wide association study in a European population","volume":"4","author":"Hallberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003420.pub4","article-title":"Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12478","article-title":"Block & replace regime versus titration regime of antithyroid drugs for the treatment of Graves' disease: a retrospective observational study","volume":"81","author":"Vaidya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1601","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric Graves' disease is associated with excessive weight gain","volume":"96","author":"van Veenendaal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-1-102","article-title":"Discordant hypothyroxinemia and hypertriiodothyroninemia in treated patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0507","article-title":"Genes that characterize T3-predominant Graves' thyroid tissues","volume":"168","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-12-0049","article-title":"Clinical experience with radioactive iodine in the treatment of childhood and adolescent Graves' disease","volume":"2","author":"Cury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031223","article-title":"36-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of radioactive iodine in treating young Graves' patients","volume":"89","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2321","article-title":"Increased cardiovascular and cancer mortality after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism","volume":"92","author":"Metso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1874","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in patients treated either with RAI or thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism","volume":"100","author":"Ryodi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0660","article-title":"Clinical and economic outcomes of thyroid and parathyroid surgery in children","volume":"93","author":"Sosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1238","article-title":"The optimal treatment for pediatric Graves' disease is surgery","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-5-1019","article-title":"Management of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents","volume":"60","author":"Hamburger","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)37011-0","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents","volume":"37","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.10.6922","article-title":"Thyrotoxicosis in prepubertal children compared with pubertal and postpubertal patients","volume":"85","author":"Lazar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0068","article-title":"Graves' hyperthyroidism: how long should antithyroid drug therapy be continued to achieve remission?","volume":"2","author":"Weetman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-6-1241","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism in children treated with long term medical therapy: twenty-five percent remission every two years","volume":"64","author":"Lippe","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.755","article-title":"Autoimmune hyperthyroidism in prepubertal children and adolescents: comparison of clinical and biochemical features at diagnosis and responses to medical therapy","volume":"7","author":"Shulman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1999.12.4.537","article-title":"Factors at onset predictive of lasting remission in pediatric patients with Graves' disease followed for at least three years","volume":"12","author":"Mussa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e481","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1535","article-title":"Predicting the likelihood of remission in children with Graves' disease: a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"121","author":"Glaser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.12.047","article-title":"Graves disease in children: thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies as remission markers","volume":"164","author":"Gastaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1944","article-title":"Positive impact of long-term antithyroid drug treatment on the outcome of children with Graves' disease: national long-term cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Leger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02295","article-title":"Remission of Graves' disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism?","volume":"155","author":"Laurberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.10","article-title":"Autoimmunity and graves' disease","volume":"91","author":"Bahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib66","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Age and gender predict the outcome of treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism","volume":"85","author":"Allahabadia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1470583","article-title":"Predictors of outcome and comparison of different drug regimens for the prevention of relapse in patients with Graves' disease","volume":"147","author":"Nedrebo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020389","article-title":"Epitope heterogeneity of thyroid-stimulating antibodies predicts long-term outcome in Graves' patients treated with antithyroid drugs","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.3.0300","article-title":"The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology","volume":"18","author":"Glinoer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.009","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal thyroid function in relation to maternal Graves' disease","volume":"18","author":"Polak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70086-X","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.727","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism","volume":"9","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80487-2","article-title":"Neonatal thyrotoxicosis: intellectual impairment and craniosynostosis in later years","volume":"97","author":"Daneman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2803","article-title":"Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"De Groot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2555","article-title":"Management of Graves' disease during pregnancy: the key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring","volume":"90","author":"Luton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.6.613","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid: nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age","volume":"20","author":"Ranzini","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0994","article-title":"Management of neonates born to women with Graves' disease: a cohort study","volume":"170","author":"Besancon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0489","article-title":"Follow-up of newborns of mothers with Graves' disease","volume":"24","author":"Levy-Shraga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1878","article-title":"Management of neonates born to mothers with Graves' disease","volume":"137","author":"van der Kaay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0254","article-title":"Predictive value of maternal second-generation thyroid-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin assay for neonatal autoimmune hyperthyroidism","volume":"171","author":"Abeillon-du Payrat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00189","article-title":"Study of the factors leading to fetal and neonatal dysthyroidism in children of patients with graves disease","volume":"1","author":"Banige","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4274","article-title":"Antithyroid drug side effects in the population and in pregnancy","volume":"101","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2831","article-title":"Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: a Danish nationwide study","volume":"98","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R13","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0135","article-title":"Therapy of endocrine disease: antithyroid drug use in early pregnancy and birth defects: time windows of relative safety and high risk?","volume":"171","author":"Laurberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000453065","article-title":"Management of fetal and neonatal graves' disease","volume":"87","author":"Leger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.01078.x","article-title":"Thyroid function in wholly breast-feeding infants whose mothers take high doses of propylthiouracil","volume":"53","author":"Momotani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030665","article-title":"Central congenital hypothyroidism due to gestational hyperthyroidism: detection where prevention failed","volume":"88","author":"Kempers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X18300629?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X18300629?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1761497688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X18300629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X18300629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism from prenatal life to adolescence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2018.03.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}