{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:12:43Z","timestamp":1791871963204,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T17:00:07Z","timestamp":1559235607000},"page":"101279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Modern neuro-ophthalmological evaluation of patients with pituitary disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Vi\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rald","family":"Raverot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1978.tb01351.x","article-title":"Pituitary adenoma and visual function","volume":"56","author":"Klauber","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib2","series-title":"Clinical management of pituitary disorders","first-page":"335","article-title":"Neurosurgical management of large and invasive pituitary tumours","author":"Wilson","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02298","article-title":"Non-functioning pituitary adenoma database: a useful resource to improve the clinical management of pituitary tumours","volume":"155","author":"Ferrante","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198509000-00008","article-title":"Visual recovery after transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib5","first-page":"395","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary macroadenomas with long-term follow-up results","volume":"59","author":"Ciric","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000159647.64275.9D","article-title":"Results of transsphenoidal surgery in a large series of patients with pituitary adenoma","volume":"56","author":"Mortini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib7","first-page":"743","article-title":"Microanatomy of the hypophyseal bounderies","volume":"88","author":"Destrieux","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib8","first-page":"132","article-title":"Changes of visual functions in patients with pituitary adenoma","volume":"49","author":"Kasputyte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960050071013","article-title":"The primate chiasm. Details of visual fiber organization studied by silver impregnation techniques","volume":"70","author":"Hoyt","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020040489020","article-title":"Band atrophy of the optic nerve. The histology of temporal hemianopsia","volume":"98","author":"Uns\u00f6ld","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib11","series-title":"Walsh and hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology: the essentials","first-page":"6379","author":"Miller","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib12","first-page":"413","article-title":"Automated perimetry and neuroophthalmology. Topographic correlation","volume":"77","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Negrete","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib13","first-page":"225","article-title":"The neuro-ophthalmology of pituitary tumours","volume":"7","author":"Chhabra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Compr Ophthalmol Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib14","first-page":"127","article-title":"Visual field defects in non-functioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"50","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77788-8","article-title":"Visual status after transphenoidal surgery at the Mayo Clinic 1971\u20131982","volume":"96","author":"Trautmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.05.024","article-title":"The role of optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: expert panel consensus","volume":"263","author":"Sergott","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib17","first-page":"50","article-title":"Correlation between morphological and functional retinal impairment in patients affected by ocular hypertension, glaucoma, demyelinating optic neuritis and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Parisi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31818153da","article-title":"Comparison of quantitative imaging devices and subjective optic nerve head assessment by general ophthalmologists to differentiate normal from glaucomatous eyes","volume":"18","author":"Vessani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.038489","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography analysis of axonal loss in band atrophy of the optic nerve","volume":"88","author":"Monteiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.045","article-title":"Evaluation of macular thickness measurements for detection of band atrophy of the optic nerve using optical coherente tomography","volume":"114","author":"Moura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.020","article-title":"Differentiation of compressive from glaucomatous optic neuropathy with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"121","author":"Danesh-Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4827","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0327","article-title":"Relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field sensitivity as measured by optical coherence tomography in chiasmal compression","volume":"47","author":"Danesh-Meyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib23","first-page":"85","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of pituitary adenomas. The usefulness of optical coherence tomography","volume":"48","author":"Ortiz-P\u00e9rez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.07.016","article-title":"Predicting visual outcome after treatment of pituitary adenomas with optical coherence tomography","volume":"147","author":"Jacob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303449","article-title":"Use of optical coherence tomography in predicting post-treatment visual outcome in anterior visual pathway meningiomas","volume":"97","author":"Loo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153064","article-title":"Macular ganglion cell analysis determined by cirrus HD optical coherence tomography for early detecting chiasmal compression","volume":"11","author":"Yum","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.02.001","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography predicts visual outcome for pituitary tumours","volume":"22","author":"Danesh-Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000424","article-title":"Ganglion cell complex loss in chiasmal compression by brain tumours","volume":"37","author":"Tieger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuro Ophthalmol Off J North Am Neuro Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib29","first-page":"152","article-title":"Preferential ganglion cell loss in the nasal hemiretina in patients with pituitary tumour","volume":"36","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-011-0093-4","article-title":"Relationship between macular ganglion cell complex parameters and visual field parameters after tumour resection in chiasmal compression","volume":"56","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.035576","article-title":"The time course of visual field recovery following transphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: predictive factors for a good outcome","volume":"76","author":"Gnanalingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1991.tb00637.x","article-title":"Visual parameters in patients with pituitary adenoma before and after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"19","author":"Marcus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132814Y.0000000407","article-title":"Early morphological recovery of the optic chiasm is associated with excellent visual outcome in patients with compressive chiasmal syndrome caused by pituitary tumours","volume":"37","author":"Yoneoka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3129\/i09-276","article-title":"Predictive factors for the development of visual loss in patients with pituitary macroadenomas and for visual recovery after optic pathway decompression","volume":"45","author":"Monteiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-011-0365-y","article-title":"Prognostic factors of visual field improvement after transsphenoidal approach for pituitary macroadenomas: review of the literature and analysis by quantitative method","volume":"35","author":"Barzaghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.9.1024","article-title":"Visual prognostic value of the pattern electroretinogram in chiasmal compression","volume":"84","author":"Parmar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8527","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8034","article-title":"Visual prognostic value of optical coherence tomography and photopic negative response in chiasmal compression","volume":"52","author":"Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14118","article-title":"Evaluation of inner retinal layers in eyes with temporal hemianopic visual loss from chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography","volume":"55","author":"Monteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib39","first-page":"228","article-title":"Post-surgical management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma","volume":"76","author":"Cortet-Rudelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Consens Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fr D\u2019Endocrinologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00539-0","article-title":"Stages of improvement in visual fields after pituitary tumour resection","volume":"130","author":"Kerrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib41","first-page":"611","article-title":"Ocular symptoms and signs in pituitary tumours","volume":"54","author":"Lyle","year":"1961","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib42","first-page":"169","article-title":"Anatomy of the cavernous sinus. A microsurgical study","volume":"45","author":"Harris","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib43","first-page":"228","article-title":"The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. With special reference to the nerves related to it","volume":"56","author":"Umansky","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3109\/01658108708996003","article-title":"See-saw nystagmus and brainstem infarction: MRI findings","volume":"7","author":"Kanter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1949.00900050656014","article-title":"Bilateral total ophthalmoplegia with adenoma of the pituitary gland; report of two cases; an anatomic study","volume":"42","author":"Walsh","year":"1949","journal-title":"Arch Ophthal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib46","first-page":"433","article-title":"Extrasellar Extensions of pituitary adenomas","volume":"33","author":"Jefferson","year":"1940","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/24.CN_suppl_1.86","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of pituitary and parasellar lesions","volume":"24","author":"Wray","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00407-3","article-title":"Pituitary macroadenoma manifesting as an isolated fourth nerve palsy","volume":"127","author":"Petermann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib49","series-title":"Springer the pituitary adenoma","first-page":"259","article-title":"Ophthalmological evaluation of pituitary adenomas","author":"Gittinger","year":"1980"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib50","first-page":"187","article-title":"Pituitary apoplexy: its incidence and clinical significance","volume":"55","author":"Wakai","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-1050-3","article-title":"Pituitary apoplexy: a review of clinical presentation, management and outcome in 45 cases","volume":"7","author":"Sibal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0884","article-title":"Extreme elevation of intrasellar pressure in patients with pituitary tumour apoplexy: relation to pituitary function","volume":"89","author":"Zayour","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x","article-title":"UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy","volume":"74","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.03.014","article-title":"Visual outcome of blind eyes in pituitary apoplexy after transsphenoidal surgery: a series of 14 eyes","volume":"63","author":"Agrawal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2010.48.3.213","article-title":"Clinical outcome of cranial neuropathy in patients with pituitary apoplexy","volume":"48","author":"Woo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00754.x","article-title":"Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome","volume":"51","author":"Randeva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02162.x","article-title":"Acute management of pituitary apoplexy\u2013surgery or conservative management?","volume":"61","author":"Ayuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib58","first-page":"2190","article-title":"Conservative management of pituitary apoplexy: a prospective study","volume":"80","author":"Maccagnan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib59","first-page":"502","article-title":"A\u00a0conservative management is preferable in milder forms of pituitary tumour apoplexy","volume":"34","author":"Leyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.08.010","article-title":"Blindness following pituitary apoplexy: timing of surgery and neuro-ophthalmic outcome","volume":"15","author":"Muthukumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.02.041","article-title":"Surgical out-come of oculomotor nerve palsy in pituitary adenoma","volume":"18","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X19300284?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X19300284?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:55:04Z","timestamp":1761497704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X19300284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X19300284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modern neuro-ophthalmological evaluation of patients with pituitary disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101279"}}