{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:44:49Z","timestamp":1786985089132,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014382","name":"Ipsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011218","name":"Sandoz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1580384333000},"page":"101382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cushing's syndrome \u2013 Disease monitoring: Recurrence, surveillance with biomarkers or imaging studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Oskar","family":"Ragnarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1048","article-title":"The treatment of cushing's disease","volume":"36","author":"Pivonello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1818","article-title":"Treatment of cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9996","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61375-1","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome","volume":"386","author":"Lacroix","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D9","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0092","article-title":"Radiotherapy as a tool for the treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"180","author":"Castinetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1328","article-title":"Corticotroph tumor progression after adrenalectomy in Cushing's Disease: a reappraisal of Nelson's Syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Assie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R131","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0541","article-title":"Bilateral adrenalectomy in the 21st century: when to use it for hypercortisolism?","volume":"23","author":"Guerin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Canc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0897-z","article-title":"Effectiveness of medical treatment for Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Broersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib8","first-page":"117","article-title":"Incidence and late prognosis of cushing's syndrome: a population-based study","volume":"86","author":"Lindholm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14014","article-title":"The incidence of endogenous Cushing's syndrome in the modern era","volume":"91","author":"Wengander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02204","article-title":"Long-term outcome of primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia after unilateral adrenalectomy","volume":"104","author":"Osswald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0214","article-title":"Favorable long-term outcomes of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's disease","volume":"171","author":"Osswald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2059-9","article-title":"The role of unilateral adrenalectomy in corticotropin-independent bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasias","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.23736\/S0391-1977.17.02771-7","article-title":"Different therapeutic options in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"44","author":"Albiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02524","article-title":"Overall and disease-specific mortality in patients with cushing disease: a Swedish nationwide study","volume":"104","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30005-5","article-title":"Mortality in patients with Cushing's disease more than 10 years after remission: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Clayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1942","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in Cushing's disease over 50 years in Stoke-on-Trent, UK: audit and meta-analysis of literature","volume":"96","author":"Clayton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2112","article-title":"Mortality in patients treated for Cushing's disease is increased, compared with patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma","volume":"92","author":"Dekkers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3","article-title":"Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Pivonello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3582","article-title":"Multisystem morbidity and mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Dekkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R139","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0534","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome: a structured short- and long-term management plan for patients in remission","volume":"169","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib21","first-page":"531","article-title":"Outcome of using the histological pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule in Cushing disease","volume":"111","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib22","first-page":"2647","article-title":"Risk factors and long-term outcome in pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease","volume":"81","author":"Sonino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-019-1038-0","article-title":"Microscopic versus endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in the Leiden cohort treated for Cushing's disease: surgical outcome, mortality, and complications","volume":"14","author":"Broersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.105","article-title":"Diagnosis and outcomes of 341 patients with cushing's disease following transsphenoid surgery: a single-center experience","volume":"109","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R227","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0883","article-title":"Therapy of endocrine disease: outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: systematic review assessing criteria used to define remission and recurrence","volume":"172","author":"Petersenn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0893-3","article-title":"Endoscopic vs. microscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Broersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032180","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease: initial outcome and long-term results","volume":"89","author":"Hammer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib28","first-page":"9","article-title":"Long-term results after microsurgery for Cushing disease: experience with 426 primary operations over 35 years","volume":"108","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2013","article-title":"Late recurrences of Cushing's disease after initial successful transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"93","author":"Patil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1672","article-title":"Delayed remission after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"95","author":"Valassi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2893","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and long-term outcomes in treated Cushing's disease: a study of 346 patients","volume":"98","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001011","article-title":"Outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for cushing disease: a single-center experience over 32 years","volume":"78","author":"Chandler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3140-1","article-title":"Efficacy of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease in 230 patients with positive and negative MRI","volume":"159","author":"Cebula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0873","article-title":"Earlier post-operative hypocortisolemia may predict durable remission from Cushing's disease","volume":"178","author":"Ironside","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15922.RA","article-title":"Predictors of biochemical remission and recurrence after surgical and radiation treatments of cushing disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Abu Dabrh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161380.OR","article-title":"Postsurgical recurrent cushing disease: clinical benefit of early intervention in patients with normal urinary free cortisol","volume":"22","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12534","article-title":"Accuracy of repeated measurements of late-night salivary cortisol to screen for early-stage recurrence of Cushing's disease following pituitary surgery","volume":"82","author":"Danet-Lamasou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2107","article-title":"Accuracy of late-night salivary cortisol in evaluating postoperative remission and recurrence in cushing's disease","volume":"100","author":"Amlashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1120","article-title":"Comparisons in the epidemiology, diagnostic features and cure rate by transsphenoidal surgery between paediatric and adult-onset Cushing's disease","volume":"164","author":"Storr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0262","article-title":"A\u00a0personal series of 100 children operated for Cushing's disease (CD): optimizing minimally invasive diagnosis and transnasal surgery to achieve nearly 100% remission including reoperations","volume":"31","author":"Crock","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13799","article-title":"Cushing's disease in older patients: presentation and outcome","volume":"89","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01385","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for cushing disease: results of an international, multicenter study","volume":"102","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2772","article-title":"Long-term results of stereotactic radiosurgery in secretory pituitary adenomas","volume":"94","author":"Castinetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2662","article-title":"Unilateral adrenalectomy as a first-line treatment of cushing's syndrome in patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"100","author":"Debillon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12763","article-title":"An analysis of different therapeutic options in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: a single-centre experience","volume":"82","author":"Albiger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00261","article-title":"Unilateral adrenalectomy could Be a valid option for primary nodular adrenal disease: evidence from twins","volume":"3","author":"Kyrilli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.03.022","article-title":"Operative management of Cushing syndrome secondary to micronodular adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"143","author":"Powell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.014","article-title":"Outcomes of primary transsphenoidal surgery in cushing disease: experience of a tertiary center","volume":"106","author":"Keskin","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0802-1","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in patients with Cushing's disease: the Cleveland clinic experience","volume":"20","author":"Johnston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0902-6","article-title":"An early post-operative ACTH suppression test can safely predict short- and long-term remission after surgery of Cushing's disease","volume":"21","author":"Uvelius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-19-0297","article-title":"Prognostic usefulness of ACTH in the postoperative period of Cushing's disease","volume":"8","author":"Abellan-Galiana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Conn"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib52","first-page":"3114","article-title":"Factors influencing the immediate and late outcome of Cushing's disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery: a retrospective study by the European Cushing's Disease Survey Group","volume":"80","author":"Bochicchio","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000258677","article-title":"Biochemical predictors of outcome of pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease","volume":"91","author":"Alwani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12133","article-title":"Predicting late recurrence in surgically treated patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"79","author":"Barbot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.055","article-title":"Outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for cushing disease: a single-center experience over 20 years","volume":"119","author":"Brichard","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0567-8","article-title":"Long-term remission and recurrence rate in a cohort of Cushing's disease: the need for long-term follow-up","volume":"18","author":"Aranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3604","article-title":"Outcome of surgical treatment of 200 children with Cushing's disease","volume":"98","author":"Lonser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0634","article-title":"Long-term remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region","volume":"170","author":"Dimopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3632","article-title":"Time to recovery of adrenal function after curative surgery for Cushing's syndrome depends on etiology","volume":"100","author":"Berr","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0921","article-title":"Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing's disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study","volume":"168","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0175","article-title":"Duration of post-operative hypocortisolism predicts sustained remission after pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease","volume":"6","author":"Bansal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Conn"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2325","article-title":"Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adolescents after surgical cure of Cushing's disease","volume":"97","author":"Lodish","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2799","article-title":"The desmopressin test predicts better than basal cortisol the long-term surgical outcome of cushing's disease","volume":"101","author":"Vassiliadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03168.x","article-title":"Role for postoperative cortisol response to desmopressin in predicting the risk for recurrent Cushing's disease","volume":"69","author":"Romanholi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12739","article-title":"Postoperative follow-up of Cushing's disease using cortisol, desmopressin and coupled dexamethasone-desmopressin tests: a head-to-head comparison","volume":"83","author":"Le Marc'hadour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0844","article-title":"Persistent adrenocorticotropin response to desmopressin in the early postoperative period predicts recurrence of Cushing's disease","volume":"94","author":"Losa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1343-8","article-title":"Detecting post-surgical recurrence in a patient with Cushing's disease","volume":"117","author":"Moloney","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04055.x","article-title":"Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Cushing's syndrome of different aetiologies during active disease and 1 year after remission","volume":"75","author":"Giordano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000415","article-title":"The hypertension of Cushing's syndrome: controversies in the pathophysiology and focus on cardiovascular complications","volume":"33","author":"Isidori","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","article-title":"The diagnosis of cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"93","author":"Nieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4262","article-title":"Late-night salivary cortisol has a better performance than urinary free cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Elias","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0424","article-title":"Sequential hormonal changes in 21 patients with recurrent Cushing's disease after successful pituitary surgery","volume":"165","author":"Bou Khalil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02020","article-title":"Variability of late-night salivary cortisol in cushing disease: a prospective study","volume":"103","author":"Sandouk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R201","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0007","article-title":"Diagnosis of endocrine disease: the role of the desmopressin test in the diagnosis and follow-up of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"178","author":"Vassiliadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-0425-9","article-title":"Recurrence of Cushing's disease preceded by the reappearance of ACTH and cortisol responses to desmopressin test","volume":"7","author":"Dall'Asta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03406.x","article-title":"Desmopressin test may predict the risk of recurrence in Cushing's disease","volume":"70","author":"Ambrosi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0292","article-title":"Usefulness of desmopressin testing to predict relapse during long-term follow-up in patients in remission from Cushing's disease","volume":"6","author":"Ambrogio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Conn"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161512.DSCR","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology disease state clinical review: diagnosis of recurrence in cushing disease","volume":"22","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.282582","article-title":"Plasma steroid metabolome profiling for diagnosis and subtyping patients with cushing syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Eisenhofer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2702","article-title":"Bilateral testicular tumors resulting in recurrent cushing disease after bilateral adrenalectomy","volume":"102","author":"Puar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-52-3-560","article-title":"ACTH-producing pituitary tumors following adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Nelson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.01.038","article-title":"Nelson syndrome: update on therapeutic approaches","volume":"83","author":"Azad","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0466","article-title":"Nelson's syndrome","volume":"163","author":"Barber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib84","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Characterizing and predicting the Nelson-Salassa syndrome","volume":"127","author":"Graffeo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib85","first-page":"887","article-title":"Patient's age is a simple predictive factor for the development of Nelson's syndrome after total adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease","volume":"79","author":"Kemink","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689910020","article-title":"Long-term results of total adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease","volume":"24","author":"Nagesser","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1470","article-title":"Clinical review: outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Ritzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00046.x","article-title":"Nelson's syndrome: incidence and prognosis","volume":"19","author":"Kasperlik-Zaluska","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib89","first-page":"165","article-title":"The long-term outcome after adrenalectomy and prophylactic pituitary radiotherapy in adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Jenkins","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00578.x","article-title":"A\u00a0study of patients with Nelson's syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Pereira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.12.003","article-title":"Nelson's syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease","volume":"141","author":"Gil-Cardenas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.02.054","article-title":"Bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory Cushing disease: a safe and definitive therapy","volume":"208","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9556-6","article-title":"Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: lessons learned from an initial series of 100 patients","volume":"22","author":"Gil-Cardenas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02052.x","article-title":"Profound amplification of secretory-burst mass and anomalous regularity of ACTH secretory process in patients with Nelson's syndrome compared with Cushing's disease","volume":"60","author":"van Aken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01187.x","article-title":"Management of Nelson's syndrome: observations in fifteen patients","volume":"54","author":"Kemink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0801-2","article-title":"Follow-up intervals in patients with Cushing's disease: recommendations from a panel of experienced pituitary clinicians","volume":"20","author":"Geer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.15","article-title":"Nelson syndrome: comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"23","author":"Banasiak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382_bib98","first-page":"2430","article-title":"Elevated levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) precursors in post-adrenalectomy Cushing's disease and their regulation by glucocorticoids","volume":"80","author":"Ray","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X20300099?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X20300099?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:55:41Z","timestamp":1761497741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X20300099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X20300099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cushing's syndrome \u2013 Disease monitoring: Recurrence, surveillance with biomarkers or imaging studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101382","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101382"}}