{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:23:36Z","timestamp":1781943816739,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T06:00:11Z","timestamp":1608098411000},"page":"101481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epigenetic mechanisms within the sperm epigenome and their diagnostic potential"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Chad A.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim G.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5195\/contemp.2015.143","article-title":"Compelled by the diagram: thinking through C. H. Waddington's epigenetic landscape","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib2","first-page":"890","article-title":"Protamine levels vary between individual sperm cells of infertile human males and correlate with viability and DNA integrity","volume":"27","author":"Aoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.08.019","article-title":"Aberrant sperm DNA methylation predicts male fertility status and embryo quality","volume":"104","author":"Aston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-9-227","article-title":"The protamine family of sperm nuclear proteins","volume":"8","author":"Balhorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-5-85","article-title":"A\u00a0deterministic map of Waddington's epigenetic landscape for cell fate specification","volume":"5","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2013.794769","article-title":"Basic mechanics of DNA methylation and the unique landscape of the DNA methylome in metal-induced carcinogenesis","volume":"43","author":"Brocato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)62193-1","article-title":"Definition and causes of infertility","volume":"2","author":"Brugo-Olmedo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"8562","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92547-5","article-title":"Anomalous protein complement of sperm nuclei in some infertile men","volume":"330","author":"Chevaillier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2011.559695","article-title":"From Waddington's epigenetic landscape to small noncoding RNA: some important milestones in the history of epigenetics research","volume":"21","author":"Choudhuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Mech Methods"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2741\/1332","article-title":"DNA methylation and male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Cisneros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3569","article-title":"DNA methylation in spermatogenesis and male infertility","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exper Thera Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.03.045","article-title":"Bistability, bifurcations, and Waddington's epigenetic landscape","volume":"22","author":"Ferrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.054","article-title":"Array-based DNA methylation profiling in male infertility reveals allele-specific DNA methylation in PIWIL1 and PIWIL2","volume":"101","author":"Friemel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2140-9_2","article-title":"Definitions and epidemiology of unexplained male infertility","author":"Gudeloglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Unexplained Infertility"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003005","article-title":"Sperm morphology, motility, and concentration in fertile and infertile men","volume":"345","author":"Guzick","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02140-5","article-title":"Towards an understanding of the genetics of human male infertility: lessons from flies","volume":"16","author":"Hackstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.010","article-title":"Alterations in sperm DNA methylation patterns at imprinted loci in two classes of infertility","volume":"94","author":"Hammoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57201-X","volume":"62","author":"Holt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2016.1274791","article-title":"Sperm epigenetics in the study of male fertility, offspring health, and potential clinical applications","volume":"63","author":"Jenkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.09.013","article-title":"Decreased fecundity and sperm DNA methylation patterns","volume":"105","author":"Jenkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0450","article-title":"The sperm epigenome and potential implications for the developing embryo","volume":"143","author":"Jenkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"295","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295re6","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab1287","article-title":"Absence of sperm RNA elements correlates with idiopathic male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Jodar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib23","first-page":"113","article-title":"MicroRNA and male infertility: a potential for diagnosis","volume":"8","author":"Khazaie","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib24","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Detection of tumor messenger RNA in the serum of patients with malignant melanoma","volume":"5","author":"Kopreski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Canc Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R159","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-15-0261","article-title":"Genetics of male infertility: from research to clinic","volume":"150","author":"Krausz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.05.010","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation patterns of human spermatozoa in current smoker males","volume":"71","author":"Laqqan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0009","article-title":"Epigenetic reprogramming during spermatogenesis and male factor infertility","volume":"156","author":"McSwiggin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.03.005","article-title":"Limits of current male fertility testing","volume":"111","author":"Oehninger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml009","article-title":"Protamines and male infertility","volume":"12","author":"Oliva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60839-9","article-title":"Vertebrate protamine genes and the histone-to-protamine replacement reaction","author":"Oliva","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1685","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications and human disease","volume":"28","author":"Portela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib32","first-page":"461","article-title":"Mutations in the protamine 1 gene associated with male infertility","volume":"13","author":"Ravel","year":"2007","journal-title":"MHR: Basic Science of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12379","article-title":"Impairment of sperm DNA methylation in male infertility: a meta-analytic study","volume":"5","author":"Santi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42260-0","article-title":"Histones instead of protamines in terminal germ cells of infertile, oligospermic Men\u2217\u2217Supported in part by consiglio nazionale delle ricerche grant CTB 75.00293.03","volume":"27","author":"Silvestroni","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0568-y","article-title":"Idiopathic male infertility is strongly associated with aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted loci in sperm: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20570","article-title":"Premature translation of transition protein 2 mRNA causes sperm abnormalities and male infertility","volume":"74","author":"Tseden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev053","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation patterns of spermatozoa in men with unexplained infertility","volume":"30","author":"Urdinguio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.169714","article-title":"Altered profile of seminal plasma MicroRNAs in the molecular diagnosis of male infertility","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat008","article-title":"UBE2B mRNA alterations are associated with severe oligozoospermia in infertile men","volume":"19","author":"Yatsenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013735","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers of early stage breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X20301081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X20301081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:57:49Z","timestamp":1761497869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X20301081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X20301081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epigenetic mechanisms within the sperm epigenome and their diagnostic potential","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101481","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101481"}}