{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:19:49Z","timestamp":1793035189566,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018956","name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BRC-1215-20014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRC-1215-20014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T01:46:05Z","timestamp":1615427165000},"page":"101513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["New types of localization methods for adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Russell","family":"Senanayake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gillett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"MacFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel","family":"Van de Meulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Powlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olympia","family":"Koulouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waiel","family":"Bashari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gurnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1818","article-title":"Treatment of cushing\u2019s syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61375-1","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"386","author":"Lacroix","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04172-6","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"357","author":"Boscaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib4","first-page":"647","article-title":"The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome and pseudo-Cushing\u2019s states","volume":"19","author":"Newell-Price","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012909500847","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s disease: a surgical view; This Publication is dedicated to our professor emeritus Dr. med. Rudolf Kautzky","volume":"54","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvaa186","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa186","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of incidental pituitary imaging findings in the sella turcica","volume":"5","author":"Kuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrine Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1210\/JC.2015-1589","article-title":"Conventional and nuclear medicine imaging in ectopic Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Isidori","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2734","article-title":"Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a consensus statement","volume":"93","author":"Biller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2013","article-title":"Late recurrences of Cushing\u2019s disease after initial successful transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"93","author":"Patil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0567-8","article-title":"Long-term remission and recurrence rate in a cohort of Cushing\u2019s disease: the need for long-term follow-up","volume":"18","author":"Aranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4158\/EP10368.OR","article-title":"Health care resource use and costs among patients with cushing disease","volume":"17","author":"Swearingen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k2387","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2387","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: umbrella review","volume":"361","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109263251301","article-title":"Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"325","author":"Oldfield","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib14","first-page":"53","article-title":"Efficiency of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease and comparison with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"6","author":"Bekci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Northern Clinics of Istanbul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-00623-3","article-title":"Differential diagnostic value of bilateral inferior Petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) in ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib16","first-page":"1087","article-title":"False-positive inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease: report of two cases","volume":"83","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.d01-1550.x","article-title":"Petrosal sinus sampling for diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease: evidence of false negative results","volume":"45","author":"Lopez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib18","first-page":"533","article-title":"The hypoplastic inferior petrosal sinus: a potential source of false-negative results in petrosal sampling for Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"84","author":"Doppman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032249","article-title":"Diagnostic errors after inferior petrosal sinus sampling","volume":"89","author":"Swearingen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/08\/E3","article-title":"The role of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnostic localization of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Lad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3943","article-title":"The lateralization accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 501 patients with Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"98","author":"Wind","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-20-654","article-title":"Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging vs. bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling: comparison between non-invasive and invasive diagnostic techniques for Cushing\u2019s disease\u2014a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Tortora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13505","article-title":"Tumour lateralization in Cushing\u2019s disease by inferior petrosal sinus sampling with desmopressin","volume":"88","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04257.x","article-title":"Maximizing the accuracy of Inferior petrosal sinus sampling: validation of the use of Prolactin as a marker of pituitary venous effluent in the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"76","author":"Grant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02115.x","article-title":"Cavernous and inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the evaluation of ACTH-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.002","article-title":"Modern imaging of pituitary adenomas","volume":"33","author":"Bashari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.06.002","article-title":"Advances in the imaging of pituitary tumors","volume":"49","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0612","article-title":"Approach to the patient with possible Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Boscaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib29","first-page":"531","article-title":"Outcome of using the histological pseudocapsule as a surgical capsule in Cushing disease","volume":"111","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00541.x","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of conventional and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland for the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Tabarin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-980192","article-title":"Dynamic pituitary MRI has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of mild Cushing\u2019s syndrome and should be part of the initial workup","volume":"39","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"High positive predictive value of the combined pituitary dynamic enhanced MRI and high-dose dexamethasone suppression tests in the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s disease bypassing bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021438","article-title":"Spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state technique is superior to conventional postcontrast spin echo technique for magnetic resonance imaging detection of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors","volume":"88","author":"Patronas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12069","article-title":"Volume interpolated 3D-spoiled gradient echo sequence is better than dynamic contrast spin echo sequence for MRI detection of corticotropin secreting pituitary microadenomas","volume":"78","author":"Kasaliwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib35","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"128","author":"Grober","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642032","article-title":"Comparison of constructive interference in steady-state and T1-weighted MRI sequence at detecting pituitary adenomas in cushing\u2019s disease patients","volume":"79","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Surg Part B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib37","first-page":"620","article-title":"Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Chatain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.031","article-title":"Key clinical benefits of neuroimaging at 7 T","volume":"168","author":"Trattnig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3230-x","article-title":"Feasibility of high-resolution pituitary MRI at 7.0 tesla","volume":"24","author":"de Rotte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging for localization of corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03723.x","article-title":"3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with and without corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation for the detection of microadenomas in Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Erickson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M107","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0616","article-title":"A\u00a0role for 11C-methionine PET imaging in ACTH-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Koulouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1571-5","article-title":"Incidental pituitary uptake on whole-body 18 F-FDG PET\/CT: a multicentre study","volume":"37","author":"Jeong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.083733","article-title":"Incidental focal 18F-FDG uptake in the pituitary gland: clinical significance and differential diagnostic criteria","volume":"52","author":"Hyun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib45","first-page":"791","article-title":"High-resolution18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for pituitary adenoma detection in Cushing disease","volume":"122","author":"Chittiboina","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-009-0180-4","article-title":"The diagnostic value of fused positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in the localization of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma in Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01944-7","article-title":"CRH stimulation improves 18 F-FDG-PET detection of pituitary adenomas in Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"Boyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-1882-0","article-title":"11C-methionine PET for the diagnosis and management of recurrent pituitary adenomas","volume":"33","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib49","first-page":"750","article-title":"Usefulness of composite methionine\u2013positron emission tomography\/3.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging to detect the localization and extent of early-stage Cushing adenoma","volume":"112","author":"Ikeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001085","article-title":"Utility of 11C-methionine and 18F-FDG PET\/CT in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"41","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00460","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome in a patient with rathke\u2019s cleft cyst and ACTH cell hyperplasia detected by 11C-methionine PET imaging\u2014a case presentation","volume":"11","author":"Sagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib52","series-title":"The combination of 13N-ammonia and 11C-methionine in differentiation of residual\/recurrent pituitary adenoma from the pituitary gland remnant after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy","author":"Ding","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30311-4","article-title":"Localisation of an occult thyrotropinoma with 11C-methionine PET-CT before and after somatostatin analogue therapy","volume":"4","author":"Koulouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0639","article-title":"Successful treatment of residual pituitary adenoma in persistent acromegaly following localisation by 11C-methionine PET co-registered with MRI","volume":"175","author":"Koulouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.251546","article-title":"Using molecular imaging to enhance decision-making in the management of pituitary adenomas","author":"Bashari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050341","article-title":"Postoperative follow-up of pituitary adenomas after trans-sphenoidal resection: MRI and clinical correlation","volume":"38","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01066-8","article-title":"Outcomes of pituitary surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Stroud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib59","first-page":"44","article-title":"Dynamic 13N-ammonia PET: a new imaging method to diagnose hypopituitarism","volume":"46","author":"Xiangsong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib60","series-title":"Utility of 13N-ammonia PET\/CT to detect pituitary tissue in patients with pituitary adenomas","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1763735","article-title":"High expression of somatostatin receptors 2A, 3, and 5 in corticotroph pituitary adenoma","volume":"2018","author":"Behling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.191916","article-title":"PET\/MRI in the diagnosis of hormone-producing pituitary microadenoma: a prospective pilot study","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14144","article-title":"Lower 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours compared to normal pituitary gland\u2014a proof-of-concept study","volume":"92","author":"Tj\u00f6rnstrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14425","article-title":"Pre-and postoperative 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography for hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","author":"Tj\u00f6rnstrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1816","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa755","article-title":"Molecular imaging targeting corticotropin releasing hormone receptor for corticotropinoma: a changing paradigm","volume":"106","author":"Walia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-010-9139-z","article-title":"The ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000541","article-title":"Functional imaging in ectopic Cushing syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Grigoryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2282","article-title":"Utility of various functional and anatomic imaging modalities for detection of ectopic adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors","volume":"95","author":"Zemskova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1337","article-title":"A\u00a0pulmonary adrenocorticotropin-secreting carcinoid tumor localized by 6-fluoro-[18F] L-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission\/computed tomography imaging in a patient with Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Dubois","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-009-9247-2","article-title":"The role of integrated 18 F-FDG PET\/CT in identification of ectopic ACTH secretion tumors","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.07.022","article-title":"Bronchial carcinoid tumors causing Cushing\u2019s syndrome: more aggressive behavior and the need for early diagnosis","volume":"94","author":"Boddaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13171.OR","article-title":"Ectopic ACTH-secreting syndrome: a single-center experience","volume":"19","author":"Kakade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib73","series-title":"Use of 18F-FDG PET\/CT to differentiate ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting lung tumours from tumour-like pulmonary infections in patients with ectopic Cushing syndrome","author":"Hou","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib74","article-title":"The utility of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTA-Peptide PET\/CT in the evaluation of primary pulmonary carcinoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-389","article-title":"Differential gene expression profiles of POMC-related enzymes, transcription factors and receptors between non-pituitary and pituitary ACTH-secreting tumors","volume":"58","author":"Tani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000806","article-title":"Ectopic ACTH and CRH co-secreting tumor localized by 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET\/CT","volume":"40","author":"Papadakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14008","article-title":"The clinical impact of [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET\/CT for the diagnosis and management of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone\u2013secreting tumours","volume":"91","author":"Wannachalee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02098-2","article-title":"68 Ga-DOTATOC PET\/CT in detecting neuroendocrine tumours responsible for initial or recurrent paraneoplastic Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Benesty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-16-0010","article-title":"Comparison of 68Ga-DOTANOC PET\/CT and contrast-enhanced CT in localisation of tumours in ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Goroshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine Connections"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0089","article-title":"The role of 68Ga-DOTA derivatives PET-CT in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Ceccato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine Connections"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3728-y","article-title":"Guideline for PET\/CT imaging of neuroendocrine neoplasms with 68 Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin receptor targeting peptides and 18 F\u2013DOPA","volume":"44","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1402","article-title":"Combined use of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET\/CT to localize a bronchial carcinoid associated with ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"97","author":"D\u00e4rr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001775","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone\u2013secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the rectum demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET imaging","volume":"42","author":"Szajer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70801-4","article-title":"Staging of carcinoid tumours with 18F-DOPA PET: a prospective, diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"7","author":"Koopmans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.220.2.r01au25373","article-title":"Whole-body 18F dopa PET for detection of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors","volume":"220","author":"Hoegerle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib86","article-title":"A\u00a0rare cause of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an ACTH-secreting phaeochromocytoma","volume":"2014","author":"Folkestad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e318262adc7","article-title":"18F-DOPA PET\/CT but not 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET\/CT revealed the underlying cause of ectopic Cushing syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Schalin-J\u00e4ntti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X21000300?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X21000300?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:55:49Z","timestamp":1761497749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X21000300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X21000300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New types of localization methods for adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101513","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101513"}}