{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:11:29Z","timestamp":1788786689380,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:04:31Z","timestamp":1645653871000},"page":"101632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy in euthyroid women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Aglaia","family":"Kyrilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Unuane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris G.","family":"Poppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0353","article-title":"Population-based national prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Spain and associated factors: di@bet.es study","volume":"27","author":"Vald\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13340","article-title":"Maternal thyroid parameters in pregnant women with different ethnic backgrounds: do ethnicity-specific reference ranges improve the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism?","volume":"86","author":"Veltri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x","article-title":"A\u00a0cautious iodization programme bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population","volume":"75","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04318.x","article-title":"Twin studies as a model for exploring the aetiology of autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"76","author":"Brix","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101367","article-title":"Hashimotos' thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy","volume":"33","author":"Ragusa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.003","article-title":"Monogenic Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with a variant in the thyroglobulin (TG) gene","volume":"86","author":"Lo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01477-1","article-title":"An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis","volume":"44","author":"Weetman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1361-y","article-title":"Pathogenic Th17 and Th22 cells are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"57","author":"Vitales-Noyola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.05.013","article-title":"Analysis of the PD-1\/PD-L1 axis in human autoimmune thyroid disease: insights into pathogenesis and clues to immunotherapy associated thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"103","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Sierra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1055","article-title":"Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens: changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"35","author":"McLachlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00521","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity: role of anti-thyroid antibodies in thyroid and extra-thyroidal diseases","volume":"8","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00890","article-title":"Reference ranges and determinants of thyroid function during early pregnancy: the SELMA study","volume":"103","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0723-9023","article-title":"Thyrotropin receptor blocking antibodies","volume":"50","author":"Diana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0424","article-title":"Discordance of serological and sonographic markers for Hashimoto's thyroiditis with gold standard histopathology","volume":"181","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ17-0164","article-title":"Comparison of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies measured by five different kits in autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"64","author":"Nishihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02297.x","article-title":"The IgG subclass distribution of TSH receptor blocking antibodies in primary hypothyroidism","volume":"37","author":"Kraiem","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr024","article-title":"Significance of (sub)clinical thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"van den Boogaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0309","article-title":"Association between PCOS and autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Romitti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Conn"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00961.x","article-title":"Female infertility related to thyroid autoimmunity: the ovarian follicle hypothesis","volume":"66","author":"Monteleone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0567","article-title":"Thyroid disorders and in\u00a0vitro outcomes of assisted reproductive technology: an unfortunate combination?","volume":"30","author":"Poppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000512790","article-title":"2021 European thyroid association guideline on thyroid disorders prior to and during assisted reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Poppe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02206-0","article-title":"Changes in thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its impact on assisted reproduction technology (ART) outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0151","article-title":"Levothyroxine dose adjustment in hypothyroid women achieving pregnancy through IVF","volume":"173","author":"Busnelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101378","article-title":"Impact of thyroid disease on fertility and assisted conception","volume":"34","author":"Unuane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R123","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1284","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: thyroid and female infertility: more questions than answers?","volume":"184","author":"Poppe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02424.x","article-title":"Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies based on a community health survey: the Busselton thyroid study","volume":"64","author":"O'Leary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1977","article-title":"Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: a 13-year, longitudinal study of a community-based cohort using current immunoassay techniques","volume":"95","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.93","article-title":"Thyroid disease in pregnancy: new insights in diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"13","author":"Korevaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00198","article-title":"Progesterone-related immune modulation of pregnancy and labor","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib31","first-page":"509764","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"2013","author":"Iddah","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00911.x","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity and its association with cellular and humoral immunity in women with reproductive failures","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0457","article-title":"2017 Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum","volume":"27","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib34","first-page":"69","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity impairs the thyroidal response to human chorionic gonadotropin: two population-based prospective cohort studies","volume":"102","author":"Korevaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0097","article-title":"Different thyroidal responses to human chorionic gonadotropin under different thyroid peroxidase antibody and\/or thyroglobulin antibody positivity conditions during the first half of pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d2616","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2616","article-title":"Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: meta-analysis of evidence","volume":"342","author":"Thangaratinam","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"J275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.11.014","article-title":"Pathogenesis of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss in thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"38","author":"Twig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-2-276","article-title":"Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"Glinoer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01560","article-title":"Dose dependency and a functional cutoff for TPO-Antibody positivity during pregnancy","volume":"103","author":"Korevaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14147","article-title":"Thyroid function abnormalities and thyroid autoantibodies in Danish pregnant women","volume":"93","author":"Kn\u00f8sgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib41","first-page":"197","article-title":"Risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women with asymptomatic autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"79","author":"Glinoer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1603","article-title":"Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications","volume":"91","author":"Negro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1803","article-title":"Impact of levothyroxine in miscarriage and preterm delivery rates in first trimester thyroid antibody positive women with TSH less than 2.5 mIU\/L","volume":"101","author":"Negro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0548","article-title":"Effects of levothyroxine treatment on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"176","author":"Nazarpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.003","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity in recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101433","article-title":"TPO antibody positivity and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Dhillon-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz003","article-title":"Effect of levothyroxine supplementation on pregnancy loss and preterm birth in women with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgz217","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz217","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes with levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"105","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18249","article-title":"Effect of levothyroxine on miscarriage among women with normal thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity undergoing in\u00a0vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812537","article-title":"Levothyroxine in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies before conception","volume":"380","author":"Dhillon-Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430404.x","article-title":"Mild thyroid abnormalities and recurrent spontaneous abortion: diagnostic and therapeutical approach","volume":"43","author":"Vaquero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.01.010","article-title":"Preconception steroid treatment in infertile women with antithyroid autoimmunity undergoing ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination: a double-blind, randomized, prospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Turi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Therapeut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12615","article-title":"In women with thyroid autoimmunity, does low-dose prednisolone administration, compared with no adjuvant therapy, improve in\u00a0vitro fertilization clinical results?","volume":"41","author":"Litwicka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003893","article-title":"Thyroid disease in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 223","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10931","article-title":"Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"322","author":"Korevaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0379","article-title":"Thyroid antibodies and risk of preterm delivery: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"167","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0429","article-title":"Thyroid hormones as modulators of immune activities at the cellular level","volume":"21","author":"De Vito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib58","first-page":"423","article-title":"Vasopressin and oxytocin release and the thyroid function","volume":"55","author":"Ciosek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03176-4","article-title":"Relationship between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity and pregnancy-related and foetal outcomes in Euthyroid women: a single-center cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207446","article-title":"Sex-specific genetic influence on thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels, and interactions between measurements: knhanes 2013-2015","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-21-0001","article-title":"Does foetal gender influence maternal thyroid parameters in pregnancy?","volume":"11","author":"Sitoris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0598","article-title":"Identifying and treating subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: emerging controversies","volume":"178","author":"Velasco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.06.003","article-title":"Thyroid antibodies and gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02733-x","article-title":"Is the link between elevated TSH and gestational diabetes mellitus dependant on diagnostic criteria and thyroid antibody status: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Kent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113342","article-title":"The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Plows","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00163","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: two closely associated disorders","volume":"40","author":"Biondi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22929","article-title":"Changes in glucose-lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"33","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib68","first-page":"CD007752","article-title":"Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Reid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2014.966384","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy and its influences on maternal and foetal outcome in Iran (a prospective study)","volume":"40","author":"Saki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0199","article-title":"The impact of thyroid disorders on clinical pregnancy outcomes in a real-world study setting","volume":"30","author":"Sitoris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.42343","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of risk factors for preeclampsia among individuals giving birth in the US in 2019","volume":"5","author":"Wheeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i6865","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6865","article-title":"Thyroid hormone treatment among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: US national assessment","volume":"356","author":"Maraka","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2397","article-title":"The risk of preeclampsia according to high thyroid function in pregnancy differs by hCG concentration","volume":"101","author":"Korevaar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R219","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0410","article-title":"Endocrinology in pregnancy: pregnancy and the incidence, diagnosing and therapy of Graves' disease","volume":"175","author":"Laurberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0440","article-title":"Parity and incidence of thyroid autoimmunity: a population-based tehran thyroid study","volume":"30","author":"Takyar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.573","article-title":"Prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction: a quantitative review","volume":"16","author":"Nicholson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2576","article-title":"Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"97","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/100.3.200","article-title":"Postpartum thyroiditis. A clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic study of 15 cases","volume":"100","author":"Mizukami","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01791.x","article-title":"Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and HLA status","volume":"20","author":"Kologlu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03797.x","article-title":"Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and the long-term risk of hypothyroidism: results from a 12-year follow-up study of women with and without postpartum thyroid dysfunction","volume":"73","author":"Stuckey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-120002912","article-title":"Excretion of antihypertensive medication into human breast milk: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Beardmore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1821","article-title":"The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies","volume":"92","author":"Negro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-1014","article-title":"Effects of L-thyroxine and iodide on the development of autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"70","author":"K\u00e4mpe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01120-8","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity and risk of post-partum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"43","author":"Minaldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.327","article-title":"Randomised trial of thyroxine to prevent postnatal depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women","volume":"180","author":"Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"21","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib87","first-page":"281","article-title":"Principles and practice of mass screening for disease","volume":"65","author":"Wilson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2884","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of universal and risk-based screening for autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnant women","volume":"97","author":"Dosiou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000362597","article-title":"2014 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children","volume":"3","author":"Lazarus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1748","article-title":"Detection of thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy: universal screening or targeted high-risk case finding?","volume":"92","author":"Vaidya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X22000197?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X22000197?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:59:38Z","timestamp":1761497978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X22000197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X22000197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy in euthyroid women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101632","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101632"}}