{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:03:51Z","timestamp":1793862231370,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":372,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T09:48:34Z","timestamp":1668419314000},"page":"101718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["How best to monitor the specific side effects of medical treatments of Cushing\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Frederic","family":"Castinetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa778","article-title":"Adrenally directed medical therapies for Cushing syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Tritos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1048","article-title":"The treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"36","author":"Pivonello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7","article-title":"Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update","volume":"9","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101490","article-title":"Updates in adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors for Cushing's syndrome - a practical guide","volume":"35","author":"Varlamov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80495-0","article-title":"Ketoconazole-associated hepatic injury. A clinicopathological study of 55 cases","volume":"3","author":"Stricker","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-14-4-443","article-title":"The medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Miller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2001.14.3.335","article-title":"Fatal liver failure due to ketoconazole treatment of a girl with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Zollner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6569","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6569.419","article-title":"Hepatic reactions associated with ketoconazole in the United Kingdom","volume":"294","author":"Lake-Bakaar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-6-1365","article-title":"Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Loli","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb01737.x","article-title":"Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Tabarin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3628","article-title":"Ketoconazole in Cushing's disease: is it worth a try?","volume":"99","author":"Castinetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0886","article-title":"Compassionate use P. Hepatic safety of ketoconazole in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: results of a Compassionate Use Programme in France","volume":"178","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0694","article-title":"Should we avoid using ketoconazole in patients with severe Cushing\u2019s syndrome and increased levels of liver enzymes?","volume":"179","author":"Ollivier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-4-732","article-title":"Site of action of low dose ketoconazole on androgen biosynthesis in men","volume":"57","author":"Santen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03547.x","article-title":"Ketoconazole treatment in Cushing's syndrome: experience in 34 patients","volume":"35","author":"Sonino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12490","article-title":"No untoward effect of long-term ketoconazole administration on electrocardiographic QT interval in patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"118","author":"De Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2021.1945440","article-title":"Levoketoconazole: a novel treatment for endogenous Cushing's syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expet Rev Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.595894","article-title":"Levoketoconazole in the treatment of patients with Cushing's syndrome and diabetes mellitus: results from the SONICS phase 3 study","volume":"12","author":"Pivonello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01263-7","article-title":"Levoketoconazole in the treatment of patients with endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study (LOGICS)","author":"Pivonello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6081","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6081.215","article-title":"Metyrapone in long-term management of Cushing's disease","volume":"2","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03517.x","article-title":"Short and long-term responses to metyrapone in the medical management of 91 patients with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Verhelst","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2616","article-title":"Effectiveness of metyrapone in treating Cushing's syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study in 195 patients","volume":"100","author":"Daniel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1675-4","article-title":"Metyrapone treatment in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a real-life study","volume":"62","author":"Ceccato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.732240","article-title":"Effectiveness of medical treatment of Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Simoes Correa Galendi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00217","article-title":"Osilodrostat is a potential novel steroidogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of Cushing syndrome: an in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"104","author":"Creemers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab122","article-title":"Approach to the patient treated with steroidogenesis inhibitors","volume":"106","author":"Castinetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30240-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with Cushing's disease (LINC 3): a multicentre phase III study with a double-blind, randomised withdrawal phase","volume":"8","author":"Pivonello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0317","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of osilodrostat in Cushing's disease: LINC 3 study extension","volume":"187","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2882","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac178","article-title":"Randomized trial of osilodrostat for the treatment of Cushing disease","volume":"107","author":"Gadelha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0208","article-title":"Differences in the spectrum of steroidogenic enzyme inhibition between Osilodrostat and Metyrapone in ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome patients","volume":"187","author":"Bonnet-Serrano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib31","article-title":"Osilodrostat in Cushing\u2019s disease: the risk of delayed adrenal insufficiency should be carefully monitored","author":"Castinetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09710-3","article-title":"Pasireotide-a novel somatostatin receptor ligand after 20 years of use","volume":"23","author":"Bolanowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30326-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-monthly pasireotide in Cushing's disease: a 12 month clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Lacroix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14081","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of once-monthly pasireotide in Cushing's disease: a Phase III extension study","volume":"91","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0734-1","article-title":"Hyperglycemia induced by pasireotide in patients with Cushing's disease or acromegaly","volume":"19","author":"Silverstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01161-4","article-title":"Managing pasireotide-associated hyperglycemia: a randomized, open-label, Phase IV study","volume":"24","author":"Samson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0662","article-title":"Cabergoline for Cushing's disease: a large retrospective multicenter study","volume":"176","author":"Ferriere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2020.12.008","article-title":"The risks of medical treatment of prolactinoma","volume":"82","author":"Castinetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01227-x","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor blockers","volume":"25","author":"Molitch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32835430bf","article-title":"The use of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Castinetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3350","article-title":"Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15760.OR","article-title":"Association between mifepristone dose, efficacy, and tolerability in patients with Cushing syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Yuen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13818","article-title":"Mifepristone in the treatment of the ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Wannachalee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X22001051?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X22001051?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:58:36Z","timestamp":1761497916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X22001051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X22001051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How best to monitor the specific side effects of medical treatments of Cushing\u2019s disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101718","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101718"}}