{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:27:00Z","timestamp":1787696820054,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018270","name":"Health Service Executive","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203930\/B\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203930\/B\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010756","name":"Health and Social Care Research and Development Division","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T11:12:07Z","timestamp":1748862727000},"page":"102014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fluid and electrolyte disorders following traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Tomkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Disorders of sodium balance after brain injury","volume":"8","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.149","article-title":"The neural basis of homeostatic and anticipatory thirst","volume":"14","author":"Gizowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac245","article-title":"Approach to the patient: hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD)","volume":"107","author":"Martin-Grace","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"101","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.07.006","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations","volume":"126","author":"Verbalis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3201","article-title":"Clinical review: Disorders of water homeostasis in neurosurgical patients","volume":"97","author":"Hannon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0710651","article-title":"The osmotic thresholds for thirst and vasopressin release are similar in healthy man","volume":"71","author":"Thompson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00304-0","article-title":"Vasopressin receptors","volume":"11","author":"Birnbaumer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.290","article-title":"The international incidence of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0651-y","article-title":"A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe","volume":"148","author":"Tagliaferri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R112","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0117","article-title":"Traumatic brain injuries induced pituitary dysfunction: a call for algorithms","volume":"9","author":"Gilis-Januszewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181fe33e8","article-title":"Analysis of pituitary lesions in fatal closed head injury","volume":"33","author":"Kibayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2024.102830","article-title":"Acute neuroendocrine changes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Magyar-Sumegi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5987","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1058","article-title":"Posterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"89","author":"Agha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1957.00260070157019","article-title":"Lowis S. Diabetes insipidus following head injury","volume":"100","author":"Hiatt","year":"1957","journal-title":"AMA Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196101122640203","article-title":"Hyponatremia in cerebral disease resulting from the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone","volume":"264","author":"Carter","year":"1961","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0917-z","article-title":"Posterior pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: review","volume":"22","author":"Tudor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01861","article-title":"The natural history of post-traumatic neurohypophysial dysfunction","volume":"152","author":"Agha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1002","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.072819","article-title":"Incidence and pathophysiology of severe hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients","volume":"85","author":"Sherlock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Post Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1555","article-title":"Acute glucocorticoid deficiency and diabetes insipidus are common after acute traumatic brain injury and predict mortality","volume":"98","author":"Hannon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02023.x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine dysfunction in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3041084","article-title":"Neurosurgical hyponatremia","volume":"3","author":"Hannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000223440.35642.6E","article-title":"Hyponatremia in the neurosurgical patient: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"59","author":"Fraser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005253422107","article-title":"Hyponatremia","volume":"342","author":"Adrogu\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"71","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.05.003","article-title":"Brain volume regulation in response to hypo-osmolality and its correction","volume":"119","author":"Sterns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13388","article-title":"Mortality rates are lower in SIAD, than in hypervolaemic or hypovolaemic hyponatraemia: Results of a prospective observational study","volume":"87","author":"Cuesta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib26","article-title":"Relationship between sodium level and in-hospital mortality in traumatic brain injury patients of MIMIC IV database","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.01.027","article-title":"Mortality after hospitalization with mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia","volume":"122","author":"Waikar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci075","article-title":"Post-traumatic hyponatraemia due to acute hypopituitarism","volume":"98","author":"Agha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-03088-3","article-title":"Acute and chronic hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Aljboor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00008","article-title":"Post-traumatic hypopituitarism-who should be screened, when, and how?","volume":"9","author":"Quinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00929-x","article-title":"Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency in adults","volume":"20","author":"Martin-Grace","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-1020","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia","volume":"170","author":"Spasovski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.9","article-title":"Brain dehydration and neurologic deterioration after rapid correction of hyponatremia","volume":"35","author":"Sterns","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00044","article-title":"Continuous versus bolus infusion of hypertonic saline in the treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia caused by SIAD","volume":"104","author":"Garrahy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.08.015","article-title":"Hyponatremia and the Brain","volume":"3","author":"Gankam Kengne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(85)90212-5","article-title":"Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after severe head injury","volume":"23","author":"Born","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib37","article-title":"Persistent syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following traumatic brain injury","volume":"2015","author":"Dick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563217743776","article-title":"Glucocorticoid deficiency and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: an underdiagnosed association?","volume":"55","author":"Garrahy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib39","first-page":"0","article-title":"Hyponatremia and Glucocorticoid Deficiency","volume":"52","author":"Garrahy","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa619","article-title":"Fluid restriction therapy for chronic SIAD; results of a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Garrahy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.4","article-title":"Current treatment practice and outcomes. Report of the hyponatremia registry","volume":"88","author":"Greenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-2-13","article-title":"Urea for treatment of acute SIADH in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center experience","volume":"2","author":"Pierrakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.15171\/jrip.2017.05","volume":"6","author":"Onuigbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ren Inj Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib44","first-page":"57","article-title":"A salt-wasting syndrome associated with cerebral disease","volume":"63","author":"Peters","year":"1950","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00070120","article-title":"The curious story of cerebral salt wasting: fact or fiction?","volume":"15","author":"Verbalis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3032","article-title":"Hyponatremia following mild\/moderate subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to SIAD and glucocorticoid deficiency and not cerebral salt wasting","volume":"99","author":"Hannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2009.10.011","article-title":"Cerebral salt wasting: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Yee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-015-0180-5","article-title":"Cerebral salt wasting after traumatic brain injury: a review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Leonard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib49","article-title":"Cerebral salt wasting following traumatic brain injury","volume":"2017","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1179\/016164105X17152","article-title":"Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"27","author":"Revilla-Pacheco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac044","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency is common amongst kidney transplant recipients receiving maintenance prednisolone and can be predicted using morning cortisol","volume":"38","author":"Tomkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0608","article-title":"Adrenal suppression in patients taking inhaled glucocorticoids is highly prevalent and management can be guided by morning cortisol","volume":"173","author":"Woods","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13232","article-title":"Baseline morning cortisol level as a predictor of pituitary-adrenal reserve: a comparison across three assays","volume":"86","author":"Sbardella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14405","article-title":"A. Evaluating tertiary adrenal insufficiency in rheumatology patients on long-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment","volume":"94","author":"Sagar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01672-3","article-title":"Endocrine dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: an ignored clinical syndrome?","volume":"39","author":"Mahajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12010","article-title":"Which patient requires neuroendocrine assessment following traumatic brain injury, when and how?","volume":"78","author":"Glynn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000702022","article-title":"Hypernatremia in hospitalized patients: a large population-based study","volume":"3","author":"Arzhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.04.017","article-title":"Acute diabetes insipidus in severe head injury: a prospective study","volume":"207","author":"Hadjizacharia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9824-3","article-title":"Induced and sustained hypernatremia for the prevention and treatment of cerebral edema following brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Ryu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2017.06.003","article-title":"Acute management of traumatic brain injury","volume":"97","author":"Vella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, Fourth Edition","volume":"80","author":"Carney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac381","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus in adults","volume":"107","author":"Tomkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02950319","article-title":"Evidence for managing hypernatremia: is it just hyponatremia in reverse?","volume":"14","author":"Sterns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l321","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l321","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus","volume":"364","author":"Levy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G8","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0154","article-title":"Society for Endocrinology Clinical Guidance: Inpatient management of cranial diabetes insipidus","volume":"7","author":"Baldeweg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01712.x","article-title":"Fluid management of hypernatraemic dehydration to prevent cerebral oedema: a retrospective case control study of 97 children in China","volume":"46","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10640918","article-title":"Rate of correction of hypernatremia and health outcomes in critically Ill patients","volume":"14","author":"Chauhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00955-x","article-title":"Incidence and effect of diabetes insipidus in the acute care of patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Gempeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocritic. Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481708300408","article-title":"Hyponatremia on initial presentation correlates with suboptimal outcomes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"83","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.089","article-title":"Effect of hypernatremia on outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis","volume":"118","author":"Hoffman","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib71","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with hypernatremia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"43","author":"Vedantam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus FOC"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.03.003","article-title":"Endocrine changes in brain death and transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6665","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6665.2","article-title":"Postoperative diabetes insipidus","volume":"298","author":"Seckl","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0719","article-title":"Abnormal plasma sodium concentrations in patients treated with desmopressin for cranial diabetes insipidus: results of a long-term retrospective study","volume":"172","author":"Behan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.11.028","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus with deficient thirst: report of a patient and review of the literature","volume":"51","author":"Mavrakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-023-09862-w","article-title":"New insights on diagnosis and treatment of AVP deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Refardt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306263","article-title":"Arginine or hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin to diagnose AVP deficiency","volume":"389","author":"Refardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31821283f2","article-title":"Copeptin is associated with mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"71","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.04.038","article-title":"Prognostic role of copeptin after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.05.015","article-title":"Plasma copeptin level predicts acute traumatic coagulopathy and progressive hemorrhagic injury after traumatic brain injury","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.11.017","article-title":"Prognostic value of copeptin: One-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.07.016","article-title":"Comparison of the performances of copeptin and multiple biomarkers in long-term prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib83","series-title":"editors. Following Brain Trauma, Copeptin, a Stable Peptide Derived from the AVP Precusor, Does Not Reflect Osmoregulation but Correlates with Injury Severity","author":"Kleindienst","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90096-4","article-title":"The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone","volume":"42","author":"Bartter","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X25000478?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X25000478?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T20:39:06Z","timestamp":1762547946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X25000478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X25000478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fluid and electrolyte disorders following traumatic brain injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102014"}}