{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:01:30Z","timestamp":1794024090197,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T02:32:46Z","timestamp":1749868366000},"page":"102019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gonadectomy in individuals with a difference of sex development \u2013 For whom, when, why, and why not?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sabine E.","family":"Hannema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A.","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.09.056","article-title":"The history of surgery in disorders of sexual development","volume":"56","author":"Buyukunal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.098319","article-title":"Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders","volume":"91","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000442975","article-title":"Global disorders of sex development update since 2006: perceptions, approach and care","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30043-8","article-title":"Changing ethical and legal norms in the management of differences of sex development","volume":"5","author":"Sudai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib5","unstructured":"Amnesty International. First do no harm: Ensuring the rights of children with variations of sex characteristics in Denmark and Germany, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib6","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez J.E. Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, A\/HRC\/22\/53, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib7","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib8","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib9","unstructured":"Gender identity, gender expressionand sex characteristics act, 2015 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/legislation.mt\/eli\/cap\/540\/eng\/pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib10","unstructured":"Treatment of children with variants of sexual development, 2021 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/englisch_bgb\/englisch_bgb.html#p6503\u3009."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030917","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach to the child with sex chromosomal mosaicism including a Y-containing cell line","volume":"18","author":"Debo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000314536","article-title":"Tumor risk in disorders of sex development","volume":"4","author":"Pleskacova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2014.09.016","article-title":"Occurrence of gonadoblastoma in patients with 45,X\/46,XY mosaicism","volume":"28","author":"Dendrinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2019.08.011","article-title":"Turner syndrome with Y chromosome: spontaneous thelarche, menarche, and risk of malignancy","volume":"33","author":"Dabrowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2022.03.003","article-title":"Gonadectomy in individuals with Turner syndrome and Y chromosome material: fertility considerations","author":"Dowlut-McElroy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0593","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of gonadoblastoma in a retrospective multi-center study with follow-up investigations of 70 patients with Turner syndrome and a 45,X\/46,XY karyotype","volume":"187","author":"Karila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14909","article-title":"Undetectable anti-Mullerian hormone and inhibin B do not preclude the presence of germ cell tumours in 45,X\/46,XY or 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis","volume":"99","author":"Hannema","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31562","article-title":"A practical guide for evaluating gonadal germ cell tumor predisposition in differences of sex development","volume":"175","author":"Pyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0005","article-title":"Germ cell tumors in the intersex gonad: old paths, new directions, moving frontiers","volume":"27","author":"Cools","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2040170.085","article-title":"Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and risk of gonadal malignancy: systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Barros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13040929","article-title":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome with bilateral gonadal sertoli cell lesions, sertoli-leydig cell tumor, and paratesticular leiomyoma: a case report and first systematic literature review","volume":"13","author":"Karseladze","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000526997","article-title":"Pubertal and gonadal outcomes in 46,XY individuals with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome raised as girls","volume":"17","author":"Guaragna-Filho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae154","article-title":"Gonadal function and pathology in 17beta-HSD 3 and 5alpha-reductase deficiency","volume":"192","author":"Boogers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1549400","article-title":"Guidance for shared decision-making regarding orchiectomy in individuals with differences of sex development due to 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.05.002","article-title":"Oncologic outcomes of pre-malignant and invasive germ cell tumors in patients with differences in sex development - a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Morin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.27122","article-title":"Testicular germ cell tumors: a review","volume":"333","author":"Singla","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26913","article-title":"Gonadal dysgenesis is associated with worse outcomes in patients with ovarian nondysgerminomatous tumors: a report of the Children's Oncology Group AGCT 0132 study","volume":"65","author":"Dicken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1058","article-title":"Gonadectomy in conditions affecting sex development: a registry-based Cohort Study","volume":"184","author":"Lucas-Herald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JARG.0000040239.40913.c3","article-title":"Spontaneous pregnancies in a Turner syndrome woman with Y-chromosome mosaicism","volume":"21","author":"Landin-Wilhelmsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02883-y","article-title":"Pubertal development in 46,XY patients with NR5A1 mutations","volume":"75","author":"Monig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.08.012","article-title":"17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency: three case reports and a systematic review","volume":"174","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ19-0111","article-title":"Effects of pre- and post-pubertal dihydrotestosterone treatment on penile length in 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency","volume":"66","author":"Sasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0713","article-title":"Prepubertal and pubertal gonadal morphology, expression of cell lineage markers and hormonal evaluation in two 46,XY siblings with 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency","volume":"35","author":"von Spreckelsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.12.1383","article-title":"Diagnosis of 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency: contribution of anti-Mullerian hormone evaluation","volume":"18","author":"Stuchi-Perez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.11.014","article-title":"Germ cell neoplasia in situ complicating 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency","volume":"489","author":"Folsom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2021.0042.r1.08062021","article-title":"Leydig and Sertoli cell function in individuals with genital ambiguity, 46,XY karyotype, palpable gonads and normal testosterone secretion: a case-control study","volume":"140","author":"Guaragna-Filho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2809","article-title":"Bone mineral density in the complete androgen insensitivity and 5alpha-reductase-2 deficiency syndromes","volume":"91","author":"Sobel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300584","article-title":"Male patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: a longitudinal follow-up of growth, reproductive hormones and the development of gynaecomastia","volume":"97","author":"Hellmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000371464","article-title":"Characteristic features of reproductive hormone profiles in late adolescent and adult females with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Doehnert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13368","article-title":"Bone mineral density in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and the timing of gonadectomy","volume":"87","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-005-4339-4","article-title":"Gender change in 46,XY persons with 5alpha-reductase-2 deficiency and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency","volume":"34","author":"Cohen-Kettenis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.08.013","article-title":"Fertility outcome and information on fertility issues in individuals with different forms of disorders of sex development: findings from the dsd-LIFE study","volume":"108","author":"Slowikowska-Hilczer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072282","article-title":"Disorders of sex development-novel regulators, impacts on fertility, and options for fertility preservation","volume":"21","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13994","article-title":"Establishing reproductive potential and advances in fertility preservation techniques for XY individuals with differences in sex development","volume":"91","author":"Islam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000502644","article-title":"Gonadal tissue cryopreservation for children with differences of sex development","volume":"92","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2021.151095","article-title":"The ethics of offering fertility preservation to pediatric patients: a case-based discussion of barriers for clinicians to consider","volume":"30","author":"Rowell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14528","article-title":"Society for endocrinology UK guidance on the initial evaluation of a suspected difference or disorder of sex development (Revised 2021)","volume":"95","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2016.03.007","article-title":"Utility of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with disorders of sex development who undergo prophylactic gonadectomy","volume":"29","author":"Alaniz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2017.11.009","article-title":"Normal pelvic ultrasound or MRI does not rule out neoplasm in patients with gonadal dysgenesis and Y chromosome material","volume":"14","author":"Ebert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"11Pt C","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib50","first-page":"E958","article-title":"Patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) at risk of gonadal tumour development: management based on laparoscopic biopsy and molecular diagnosis","volume":"110","author":"Wunsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12882","article-title":"The biology of germ cell tumors in disorders of sex development","volume":"91","author":"Hersmus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000481757","article-title":"Histological assessment of gonads in DSD: relevance for clinical management","volume":"12","author":"Spoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0010-8","article-title":"Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a consensus statement","volume":"14","author":"Cools","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.015","article-title":"Gonadal dysgenesis in disorders of sex development: diagnosis and surgical management","volume":"12","author":"Wolffenbuttel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.09.005","article-title":"Ultrasound of retained gonads in children and young women with androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Karmazyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000520926","article-title":"Establishing a molecular genetic diagnosis in children with differences of sex development: a clinical approach","volume":"96","author":"O'Connell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1159\/000493645","article-title":"Management of gonads in adults with androgen insensitivity: an International Survey","volume":"90","author":"Tack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2019.06.005","article-title":"A management protocol for gonad preservation in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Weidler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1159\/000519323","article-title":"Ovotesticular difference of sex development: genetic background, histological features, and clinical management","volume":"96","author":"Syryn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0430","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 cincinnati international turner syndrome meeting","volume":"177","author":"Gravholt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G53","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae050","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome","volume":"190","author":"Gravholt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib62","first-page":"629","article-title":"Consensus guide on prophylactic gonadectomy in different sex development","volume":"69","author":"Guerrero-Fernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib63","article-title":"Intersex variations, human rights, and the international classification of diseases","author":"Carpenter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02409-y","article-title":"A non-surgical approach to 46,XY differences in sex development through hormonal suppression at puberty: a single-center case series study","volume":"70","author":"Canalichio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00035-8","article-title":"Developing equity in capacity of paediatric endocrinology subspecialists worldwide","volume":"4","author":"Odundo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170968","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric surgical needs in low-income countries","volume":"12","author":"Butler","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1545302","article-title":"Promoting shared decision making in disorders of sex development (DSD): decision aids and support tools","volume":"47","author":"Siminoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00145-8","article-title":"Decision-making in the physician-patient encounter: revisiting the shared treatment decision-making model","volume":"49","author":"Charles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04330.x","article-title":"Timing of gonadectomy in adult women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS): patient preferences and clinical evidence","volume":"76","author":"Deans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15002","article-title":"Working towards convergence of the clinical management of differences of sex development\/intersex conditions and the human rights framework: a case study","volume":"101","author":"Cools","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00339","article-title":"Navigating surgical decision making in disorders of sex development (DSD)","volume":"6","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2024.2371134","article-title":"Differences of sex development and surgical decisions: focus group interviews with health care professionals in Norway","volume":"12","author":"Media","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-064207","article-title":"Preferences in clinical care of individuals with differences of sex development","volume":"153","author":"Avancena","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.10.020","article-title":"Defining successful outcomes and preferences for clinical management in differences\/disorders of sex development: protocol overview and a qualitative phenomenological study of stakeholders' perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Suorsa-Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fruro.2023.1092256","article-title":"Surgical decision-making for individuals with differences of sex development: stakeholders' views","volume":"3","author":"Weidler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fruro.2023.1089077","article-title":"Decisional support needed when facing tough decisions: survey of parents with children having differences of sex development","volume":"3","author":"Gardner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.12.007","article-title":"Self- and proxy-reported outcomes after surgery in people with disorders\/differences of sex development (DSD) in Europe (dsd-LIFE)","volume":"17","author":"Rapp","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2335","article-title":"FOXL2 and SOX9 as parameters of female and male gonadal differentiation in patients with various forms of disorders of sex development (DSD)","volume":"215","author":"Hersmus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.11.012","article-title":"dsd Lg. participant- and clinician-reported long-term outcomes after surgery in individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Duranteau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000477599","article-title":"Bone mineral density in women living with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and intact testes or removed gonads","volume":"11","author":"Bertelloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0383","article-title":"Bone mineral density, body composition and metabolic profiles in adult women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and removed gonads using oral or transdermal estrogens","volume":"181","author":"Gava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30197-9","article-title":"Oestrogen versus androgen in hormone-replacement therapy for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-dummy, double-blind crossover trial","volume":"6","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03017-8","article-title":"Metabolic effects of estradiol versus testosterone in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Auer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib84","series-title":"Williams Textbook of Endocrinology","first-page":"845","article-title":"Differences of Sex Development","author":"Chan","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000525119","article-title":"The molecular basis of 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Batista","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Dev"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X25000521?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X25000521?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T07:36:54Z","timestamp":1758785814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X25000521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X25000521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gonadectomy in individuals with a difference of sex development \u2013 For whom, when, why, and why not?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2025.102019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102019"}}