{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:47:54Z","timestamp":1782805674498,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:34:35Z","timestamp":1778196875000},"page":"102114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Control of muscle mass during growth and aging: Clinical targets and pathways"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sara Sobreviela","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Wesley Peixoto","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"von Haehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6795","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(53)90665-5","article-title":"Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work","volume":"262","author":"Morris","year":"1953","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2020.tb00136.x","article-title":"Role of skeletal muscle in insulin resistance and glucose uptake","volume":"10","author":"Merz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105061","article-title":"Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"56","author":"Momma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-025-01267-z","article-title":"Pretreatment skeletal muscle index and survival outcomes in non-metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Atuiri","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13522","article-title":"The life-course changes in muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the China BCL study and the US NHANES study","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cachex-- Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-018-9775-3","article-title":"Age-related changes in skeletal muscle: changes to life-style as a therapy","volume":"19","author":"McCormick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib7","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcopenia: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences","volume":"144","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa111","article-title":"Muscle mass assessed by the D3-creatine dilution method and incident self-reported disability and mortality in a prospective observational study of community-dwelling older men","volume":"76","author":"Cawthon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05035-9","article-title":"Association of low muscle mass with cognitive function and mortality in USA seniors: results from NHANES 1999\u20132002","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2020","article-title":"Regulation and metabolic functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2","volume":"101","author":"Szwed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05483-x","article-title":"Resistance exercise initiates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) translocation and protein complex co-localisation in human skeletal muscle","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010002","article-title":"Alcohol, resistance exercise, and mTOR pathway signaling: an evidence-based narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Levitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191039","article-title":"Early- and later-phases satellite cell responses and myonuclear content with resistance training in young men","volume":"13","author":"Damas","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02074.x","article-title":"Resistance exercise increases leg muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signalling independent of sex","volume":"199","author":"Dreyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"issue":"5882","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157535","article-title":"The Rag GTPases bind raptor and mediate amino acid signaling to mTORC1","volume":"320","author":"Sancak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00033","article-title":"Growth hormone(s), testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and cortisol: roles and integration for cellular development and growth with exercise","volume":"11","author":"Kraemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.118","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the action of testosterone on human skeletal muscle. A basis for illegal performance enhancement","volume":"154","author":"Kadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.10.019","article-title":"Testosterone regulation of Akt\/mTORC1\/FoxO3a signaling in skeletal muscle","volume":"365","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.11.019","article-title":"Testosterone inhibits transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling during myogenic differentiation and proliferation of mouse satellite cells: potential role of follistatin in mediating testosterone action","volume":"350","author":"Braga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.153","article-title":"Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I","volume":"154","author":"Velloso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.95","article-title":"AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Herzig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00929-2","article-title":"TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival","volume":"115","author":"Inoki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.03.003","article-title":"AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint","volume":"30","author":"Gwinn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.02.001","article-title":"Myostatin: more than just a regulator of muscle mass","volume":"17","author":"Argil\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200207056","article-title":"Myostatin negatively regulates satellite cell activation and self-renewal","volume":"162","author":"McCroskery","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11390-6","article-title":"Myostatin inhibitors in sarcopenia treatment: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, efficacy and future directions","volume":"53","author":"Samali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.72","article-title":"Ubiquitination and selective autophagy","volume":"20","author":"Shaid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0092-5","article-title":"A brief history of autophagy from cell biology to physiology and disease","volume":"20","author":"Mizushima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3","article-title":"Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Sandri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3716","article-title":"The return of the nucleus: transcriptional and epigenetic control of autophagy","volume":"15","author":"F\u00fcllgrabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.027","article-title":"IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice","volume":"119","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-008-0574-6","article-title":"Muscle wasting and interleukin-6-induced atrogin-i expression in the cachectic ApcMin\/+ Mouse","volume":"457","author":"Baltgalvis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pflug Arch"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C706","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00626.2008","article-title":"Interleukin-1 stimulates catabolism in C2C12 myotubes","volume":"297","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.03.008","article-title":"Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: examining the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.01045","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related sarcopenia","volume":"8","author":"Dalle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70034-8","article-title":"Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases","volume":"2","author":"Kalyani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E581","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90437.2008","article-title":"Phosphorylation of IRS proteins, insulin action, and insulin resistance","volume":"296","author":"Boura-Halfon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00672-6","article-title":"Muscle insulin resistance elicits muscle atrophy in obesity","volume":"14","author":"Razi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S186600","article-title":"Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional relationship","volume":"12","author":"Mesinovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010063","article-title":"Sarcopenia and diabetes: a detrimental liaison of advancing age","volume":"16","author":"Lisco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0112","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia as comorbid chronic diseases in older adults: established and emerging treatments and therapies","volume":"47","author":"Mesinovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70206-1","article-title":"Neuroendocrine aging in men","volume":"30","author":"Anawalt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Andropause Somat Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-022-10002-1","article-title":"Male sex hormones, aging, and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Ketchem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M1002","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.11.M1002","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation for aging-associated sarcopenia","volume":"58","author":"Bhasin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202500244RRR","article-title":"Complex interplay between estrogen and aging via lipid metabolism and inflammation forms the novel treatment strategies for atherosclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Xin","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001593","article-title":"Muscle fiber hypertrophy and myonuclei addition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.08.001","article-title":"Impact of ageing on muscle cell regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Carosio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21012","article-title":"Nitric oxide-dependence of satellite stem cell activation and quiescence on normal skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"236","author":"Wozniak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.021","article-title":"Nitric oxide treatment attenuates muscle atrophy during hind limb suspension in mice","volume":"115","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2601","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids","volume":"31","author":"Hafizi Abu Bakar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.09.015","article-title":"Autophagy, aging, and age-related neurodegeneration","volume":"113","author":"Palmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278853","article-title":"Exercise and mitochondrial health","volume":"599","author":"Memme","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165838","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome","volume":"1866","author":"Prasun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020494","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences","volume":"21","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.018","article-title":"SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"Malmstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.108","article-title":"Detection of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using the SARC-F questionnaire: findings from the Southampton longitudinal study of ageing (SaLSA)","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCSM Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1067-8","article-title":"Performance of SARC-F in regard to sarcopenia definitions, muscle mass and functional measures","volume":"22","author":"Bahat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib59","article-title":"Comparing SARC-CalF with SARC-F for screening sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib60","article-title":"Sarc-Global: a new sarcopenia screening tool in older adults","volume":"131","author":"Lopes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Burbank Los Angel Cty Calif"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0921-4","article-title":"Assessing the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly: the mini sarcopenia risk assessment (MSRA) questionnaire","volume":"21","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.04.012","article-title":"Comparing mini sarcopenia risk assessment with SARC-F for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.23.0190","article-title":"Case-finding for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: comparison of mini sarcopenia risk assessment with SARC-F and SARC-CalF","volume":"28","author":"Chua","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Geriatr Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.70028","article-title":"Systemic challenges in sarcopenia research: implications for meta-analytic reliability and clinical translation","volume":"9","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2026","journal-title":"JCSM Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B359","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.10.B359","article-title":"Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men","volume":"57","author":"Metter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12514","article-title":"Muscle strength: A better index of low physical performance than muscle mass in older adults","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afae052","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052","article-title":"The conceptual definition of sarcopenia: delphi consensus from the global leadership initiative in sarcopenia (GLIS)","volume":"53","author":"Kirk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.10.007","article-title":"Age-related variations of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwellers: results from the Milan EXPO survey","volume":"18","author":"Landi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112862","article-title":"Sex- and age-related declines in muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle quality among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"210","author":"Asano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.005","article-title":"de. Relationship between grip strength and global muscle strength in community-dwelling older people","volume":"82","author":"Porto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr051","article-title":"A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach","volume":"40","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372","article-title":"Sarcopenia definition: the position statements of the sarcopenia definition and outcomes consortium","volume":"68","author":"Bhasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.70019","article-title":"Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Goes-Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm Res Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001792","article-title":"Skeletal muscle responses to negative energy balance: effects of dietary protein12","volume":"3","author":"Carbone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122883","article-title":"Malnutrition as a strong predictor of the onset of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Beaudart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2021.0094","article-title":"mTOR1c activation with the leucine \u201ctrigger\u201d for prevention of sarcopenia in older adults during lockdown","volume":"25","author":"Mai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2025.108219","article-title":"The effects of \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate supplementation in patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"195","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.109","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of vegetarian diets on muscle mass and muscle strength in community-dwelling, healthy adults","volume":"7","author":"Smillie","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCSM Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12483","article-title":"Sarcopenia: a time for action. An SCWD position paper","volume":"10","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachex-- Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE study group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90346-9","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids","volume":"102","author":"Trumbo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.185280","article-title":"Dietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults","volume":"144","author":"Mamerow","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3757","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113757","article-title":"Efficacy of creatine supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and muscle mass in older females: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0199-y","article-title":"mTOR at the nexus of nutrition, growth, ageing and disease","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051104","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia features in apparently healthy adults over 65 years: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155637","article-title":"Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia","volume":"146","author":"Calvani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib89","first-page":"267","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperaminoacidemia-hyperinsulinemia in healthy young and middle aged men and women","volume":"121","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Sci Lond Engl 1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110355","article-title":"The Vitamin D\/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia","volume":"96","author":"Bollen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12976","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachex-- Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13225","article-title":"Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cachex-- Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2013.02.009","article-title":"Chronic resistance training activates autophagy and reduces apoptosis of muscle cells by modulating IGF-1 and its receptors, Akt\/mTOR and Akt\/FOXO3a signaling in aged rats","volume":"48","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00874","article-title":"Optimizing skeletal muscle anabolic response to resistance training in aging","volume":"11","author":"Endo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091389","article-title":"Selected methods of resistance training for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Yasuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13600","article-title":"High-intensity interval training mitigates sarcopenia and suppresses the myoblast senescence regulator EEF1E1","volume":"15","author":"Dun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cachex-- Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C164","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00344.2021","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy through IGF-1\/IGF-1R-PI3K\/Akt pathway in mice with myocardial infarction","volume":"322","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9586-z","article-title":"Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians","volume":"36","author":"Cadore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0022-5","article-title":"Pharmacologic options for the treatment of sarcopenia","volume":"98","author":"Morley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70147","article-title":"Muscle loss in obesity therapy as a therapeutic target: trial design and endpoints for regulatory discussions","volume":"16","author":"von Haehling","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cachex-- Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02825-4","article-title":"Effect of Bimagrumab on body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Kanbay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02825-4","article-title":"Effect of Bimagrumab on body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Kanbay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073535","article-title":"The role of testosterone in the elderly: what do we know?","volume":"23","author":"Barone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.70027","article-title":"Enobosarm in muscle wasting: the rest of the story","volume":"9","author":"von Haehling","year":"2026","journal-title":"JCSM Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1777275","article-title":"Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) as pharmacological treatment for muscle wasting in ongoing clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.682012","article-title":"Sarcopenia and menopause: the role of estradiol","volume":"12","author":"Geraci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad225","article-title":"Hormones and aging: an endocrine society scientific statement","volume":"108","author":"Cappola","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00005","article-title":"Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1873954","article-title":"An overview of anamorelin as a treatment option for cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia","volume":"22","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00558-6","article-title":"Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials","volume":"17","author":"Temel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X26000369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X26000369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:31:38Z","timestamp":1782804698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X26000369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X26000369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Control of muscle mass during growth and aging: Clinical targets and pathways","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2026.102114","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102114"}}