{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:17:13Z","timestamp":1780539433835,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]],"date-time":"2010-06-24T09:10:54Z","timestamp":1277370654000},"page":"3-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Diagnostic issues in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Estella","family":"Matutes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayoma","family":"Attygalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wotherspoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Catovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830290307","article-title":"Guidelines for clinical protocols for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): recommendations of the NCI-sponsored working group","volume":"29","author":"Cheson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.12.4990.bloodjournal87124990","article-title":"National cancer institute-sponsored working group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"87","author":"Cheson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5446","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-093906","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the international worshop on chronic lymphocytic leukemia updating the national cancer institute working group 1996 guidelines","volume":"111","author":"Halleck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib4","series-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05550.x","article-title":"The International Familial CLL consortium. diagnostic criteria for monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis","volume":"130","author":"Marti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa075290","article-title":"Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"359","author":"Rawstron","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-01-197368","article-title":"Increased frequency (12%) of circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia-like B-cell clones in healthy subjects using a highly sensitive multicolor flow cytometry approach","volume":"114","author":"Nieto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0892","article-title":"Inherited predisposition to CLL is detectable as subclinical monoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion","volume":"100","author":"Rawstron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(03)00023-7","article-title":"Causation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia \u2013 insights from familial disease","volume":"27","author":"Houlston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-176149","article-title":"B-cell count and survival: differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis based on clinical outcome","volume":"113","author":"Shanafelt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-176933","article-title":"The immunoglobulin gene repertoire of low count chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like monoclonal B lymphocytosis is different from CLL: diagnostic implications for clinical monitoring","volume":"114","author":"Dagklis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.6.567","article-title":"The French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative group. Proposals for the classification of chronic (mature) B and T lymphoid leukemias","volume":"42","author":"Bennet","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Path"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1478.x","article-title":"Trisomy 12 defines a group of CLL with atypical morphology. Correlation between cytogenetic, clinical and laboratory features in 544 patients","volume":"92","author":"Matutes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-0734.2000.00002.x","article-title":"Morphological and immunophenotypic features of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"4","author":"Matutes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Clin Exp Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.0795","article-title":"Percentage of smudge cells on routine blood smear predicts survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1979.tb03676.x","article-title":"\u201cProlymphocytoid\u201d transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"41","author":"Enno","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1986.tb05563.x","article-title":"The relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and prolymphocytic leukaemia. I. Clinical and laboratory features of 300 patients and characterization of an intermediate group","volume":"63","author":"Melo","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib18","first-page":"902","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody Ki-67 identifies B and T cells in cycle in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with disease activity","volume":"6","author":"Cordone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.137","article-title":"B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia have distinctive gene expression signatures","volume":"23","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.3263141.x","article-title":"Atypical morphology: an adverse prognostic factor for disease progression in stage A CLL independent of trisomy 12","volume":"98","author":"Oscier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1994.tb08307.x","article-title":"Trisomy 12 is uncommon in typical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"87","author":"Criel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07152.x","article-title":"MYC translocation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with increased prolymphocytes and a poor prognosis","volume":"142","author":"Huh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.6.1848","article-title":"Unmutated immunoglobulin VH genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Hamblin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.880","article-title":"Richter syndrome: molecular insights and clinical perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-3266","article-title":"Stereotyped B-cell receptor is an independent risk factor of chronic lymphocytic leukemia transformation to Richter syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2004.09.008","article-title":"Richter's transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The role of fludarabine and the Epstein-Barr virus in its pathogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Thornton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leuk Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib27","unstructured":"Klein U. Cellular origin of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Educational program for the 14th Congress of the European Hematology Association, 2009, pp. 55\u201360."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib28","first-page":"1640","article-title":"The immunological profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL","volume":"8","author":"Matutes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/108.4.378","article-title":"Improvement of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia scoring system with monoclonal antibody SN8 (CD79b)","volume":"108","author":"Moreau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib30","first-page":"631","article-title":"The utility of CD20 and CD43 in subclassification of low-grade B-cell lymphoma on paraffin sections","volume":"5","author":"Contos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04071.x","article-title":"Cell surface CD43 determination improves diagnostic precision in late B-cell diseases","volume":"120","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2009.01.017","article-title":"CD200 expression may help in differential diagnosis between mantle-cell lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leucemia","volume":"33","author":"Palumbo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1309\/FNGCYEMJE3MAE5L2","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of CD20 and FMC7 expression in B-cell disorders","volume":"120","author":"Delgado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0045","article-title":"Incidence and clinicobiologic characteristics of leukemic B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders with more than one B-cell clone","volume":"102","author":"Sanchez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.6.1840","article-title":"Immunoglobulin V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Damle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa023143","article-title":"ZAP-70 expression as a surrogate for Immunoglobulin variable region mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"348","author":"Crespo","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.1.181","article-title":"CD38 expression as an important prognostic factor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"98","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190802360810","article-title":"Combinations of ZAP-70, CD38 and IgVH mutational status as predictors of time to first treatment in CLL","volume":"49","author":"Morilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.2.579.579","article-title":"Small lymphocytic lymphoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 268 cases","volume":"73","author":"Ben Ezra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(99)90089-8","article-title":"High expression of CD23 in the proliferation centers of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in lymph nodes and spleen","volume":"30","author":"Lampert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01276.x","article-title":"Cyclin D1 expression in typical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"83","author":"Abboudi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432602","article-title":"Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"343","author":"Dohner","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07227.x","article-title":"Chromosome 14q32 translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia identify a disease subset with poor prognosis","volume":"142","author":"Carizzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401561","article-title":"FISH analysis for BCL-1 rearrangements and trisomy 12 helps the diagnosis of atypical B cell leukaemias","volume":"13","author":"Matutes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04913.x","article-title":"B-Prolymphocytic leukaemia with t(11;14) revisited: a splenomegalic form of mantle cell lymphoma evolving with leukaemia","volume":"125","author":"Ruchlemer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib46","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Cytogenetic and interphase cytogenetic characterisation of atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia carrying bcl-1 translocation","volume":"57","author":"Cuneo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(96)00247-6","article-title":"t(14;19)\/BCL3 rearrangements in lymphoproliferative disorders: a review of 23 cases","volume":"94","author":"Michaux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06416.x","article-title":"The t(11;14)(q32;q13) in B-cell leukemia: a clinicopathologic and cytogenetic study of seven cases best classified as atypical lymphoid leukaemia","volume":"136","author":"Huh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404695","article-title":"A comprehensive genetic and histopathologic analysis identifies two subgroups of B-cell malignancies carrying a t(14;19)(q32;q13) or variant BCL-3 ranslocation","volume":"21","author":"Martin-Subero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-012948","article-title":"Over 20% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia carry stereotyped receptors: pathogenetic implications and clinical correlations","volume":"109","author":"Stamatopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.11.1625","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia reveals a homogeneous phenotype related to memory cells","volume":"194","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401644","article-title":"Frequent deletions at 11q23 and 13q14 in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)","volume":"14","author":"Lens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.6.2015","article-title":"P53 abnormalities in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia","volume":"89","author":"Lens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521692610000022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521692610000022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T03:06:47Z","timestamp":1591412807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521692610000022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521692610000022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6926","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}