{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:08:06Z","timestamp":1775092086381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001422","name":"American Society of Hematology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001422","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T12:39:55Z","timestamp":1662554395000},"page":"101382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["COVID-19 outcomes in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Christian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lanzkron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakhi P.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1510865","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"376","author":"Piel","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30193-9","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"390","author":"Ware","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib3","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406093302303","article-title":"Mortality in sickle cell disease. Life expectancy and risk factors for early death","volume":"330","author":"Platt","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491312800206","article-title":"Mortality rates and age at death from sickle cell disease: U.S., 1979-2005","volume":"128","author":"Lanzkron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Publ Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.15374","article-title":"Estimated life expectancy and income of patients with sickle cell disease compared with those without sickle cell disease","volume":"2","author":"Lubeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1516257","article-title":"Sickle cell trait, rhabdomyolysis, and mortality among U.S. Army soldiers","volume":"375","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.160","article-title":"Sickle cell trait diagnosis: clinical and social implications","volume":"2015","author":"Naik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279222","article-title":"Individuals with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait demonstrate no increase in mortality or critical illness from COVID-19 - a fifteen hospital observational study in the Bronx, New York","volume":"106","author":"Hoogenboom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2610.202792","article-title":"Coronavirus disease among persons with sickle cell disease, United States, march 20-may 21, 2020","volume":"26","author":"Panepinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003456","article-title":"Clinical predictors of poor outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease and COVID-19 infection","volume":"5","author":"Minniti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-1375","article-title":"Group for ethnicity and COVID-19. Sickle cell disorders and severe COVID-19 outcomes: a cohort study","volume":"174","author":"Clift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04549-1","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical course of COVID-19 infection in sickle cell disease patients with healthcare professionals","volume":"100","author":"Bo\u011fa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2021.102627","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with COVID-19 related severity in sickle cell disease","volume":"92","author":"Yurtsever","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004288","article-title":"Comorbidities are risk factors for hospitalization and serious COVID-19 illness in children and adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"5","author":"Mucalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003741","article-title":"COVID-19 in individuals with sickle cell disease\/trait compared with other Black individuals","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-013-0895-y","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and venous thromboembolism: what the anticoagulation expert needs to know","volume":"35","author":"Naik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001384","article-title":"Clinical, laboratory, and genetic risk factors for thrombosis in sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Srisuwananukorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14655","article-title":"Increased incidence of VTE in sickle cell disease patients: risk factors, recurrence and impact on mortality","volume":"178","author":"Brunson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X21995566","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Kollias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006520","article-title":"COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"136","author":"Al-Samkari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E86","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26432","article-title":"Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in hospitalized sickle cell disease patients: a study of 319 patients in France","volume":"97","author":"Arlet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007219","article-title":"COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism risk in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211063518","article-title":"COVID-19 and sickle cell disease-related deaths reported in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Payne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Publ Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib26","article-title":"COVID-19 in Saudi patients with sickle cell disease: a retrospective multi-center study","volume":"13","author":"Kashari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib27","first-page":"338","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and COVID-19: atypical presentations and favorable outcomes","volume":"1","author":"Azerad","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.254250","article-title":"COVID-19 in patients with sickle cell disease - a case series from a UK Tertiary Hospital","volume":"105","author":"Chakravorty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16734","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"189","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.10.005","article-title":"Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern: a narrative review","volume":"28","author":"Fiolet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2022.2085072","article-title":"COVID19 vaccination in adults with sickle cell disease is not associated with increases in rates of pain crisis","volume":"27","author":"Friedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17021","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone on days alive and ventilator-free in patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19: the CoDEX randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Tomazini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with covid-19","volume":"384","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib34","article-title":"Infectious diseases society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19","author":"Bhimraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21336","article-title":"Corticosteroids and increased risk of readmission after acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"50","author":"Strouse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014473","article-title":"Risk of vaso-occlusive episode after exposure to corticosteroids in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"139","author":"Walter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016070","article-title":"Pain without gain: steroids and sickle crisis","volume":"139","author":"Lanzkron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E260","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26563","article-title":"Blood exchange transfusion with dexamethasone and Tocilizumab for management of hospitalized patients with sickle cell disease and severe COVID-19: preliminary evaluation of a novel algorithm","volume":"97","author":"De Luna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25833","article-title":"Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab","volume":"95","author":"De Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.09.013","article-title":"Effect of crizanlizumab, a P-selectin inhibitor, in COVID-19: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"6","author":"Leucker","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-1963(01)90025-3","article-title":"Principles and problems of transfusion in sickle cell disease","volume":"38","author":"Telen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib42","article-title":"Blood transfusions for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease","volume":"1","author":"Dolatkhah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21809","article-title":"Red blood cell exchange to avoid intubating a COVID-19 positive patient with sickle cell disease?","volume":"35","author":"Allison","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020000117","article-title":"Preventing infections in children and adults with asplenia","volume":"2020","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103417","article-title":"Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in critically ill patients with Covid-19","volume":"385","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01203-4","article-title":"ACTION Coalition COVID-19 Brazil IV Investigators. Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration (ACTION): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103417","article-title":"REMAP-CAP Investigators; ACTIV-4a Investigators; ATTACC Investigators. Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in critically ill patients with Covid-19","volume":"385","author":"Goligher","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17272","article-title":"Effect of antithrombotic therapy on clinical outcomes in outpatients with clinically stable symptomatic COVID-19: the ACTIV-4B randomized clinical trial","volume":"326","author":"Connors","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib49","article-title":"ISTH guidelines for antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19","author":"Schulman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004977","article-title":"Impact of sickle cell trait on morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"5","author":"Merz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib51","first-page":"284","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 infection on 24 patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"44","author":"Balanchivadze","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Center Urban Experience, Detroit, MI, USA. Hemoglobin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2141","article-title":"Association of kidney comorbidities and acute kidney failure with unfavorable outcomes after COVID-19 in individuals with the sickle cell trait","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Haematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521692622000378?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521692622000378?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T17:08:03Z","timestamp":1761498483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521692622000378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521692622000378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6926","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"COVID-19 outcomes in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101382","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101382"}}