{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:54:00Z","timestamp":1784300040046,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018600","name":"Animal Welfare Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000184","name":"Trent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000184","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009612","name":"Oregon State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Processes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T08:53:07Z","timestamp":1737708787000},"page":"105149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Aerial urination suggests undescribed sensory modality and social function in river dolphins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claryana","family":"Ara\u00fajo-Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Cantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2010.00409.x","article-title":"Why do Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) carry conch shells (Turbinella sp.) in Shark Bay, Western Australia?","volume":"27","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Mammal. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-014-0418-0","article-title":"Patterns in bobcat (Lynx rufus) scent marking and communication behaviors","volume":"33","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethol."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534","article-title":"Observational study of behavior: sampling methods","volume":"49","author":"Altmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.38.4.2012.435","article-title":"Botos (Inia geoffrensis) in the upper reaches of the Tocantins River (central Brazil) with observations of unusual behavior, including object carrying","volume":"38","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12593","article-title":"Ecological interaction of a \u201cparasitic\u201d candiru catfish and botos (Inia geoffrensis)","volume":"35","author":"Ara\u00fajo-Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Mammal. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2307\/3800874","article-title":"Social organization in a bobcat population","volume":"38","author":"Bailey","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pheromone reception in mammals","author":"Bigiani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-024-03547-3","article-title":"What is in a scent? Understanding the role of scent marking in social dynamics and territoriality of free-ranging dogs","volume":"79","author":"Biswas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.10.008","article-title":"Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution","volume":"24","author":"Bolker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24703","article-title":"A field study of chemical senses in bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales","volume":"305","author":"Bouchard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2307\/2425779","article-title":"Sex and age-class differences in vocalizations of Roosevelt elk during rut","author":"Bowyer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Midl. Nat."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.9.1221","article-title":"Urine makes the difference: chemical communication in fighting crayfish made visible","volume":"205","author":"Breithaupt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2003.12.052","article-title":"Something in the air? New insights into mammalian pheromones","volume":"14","author":"Brennan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"The environmental triangle of the Cerrado Domain: ecological factors driving shifts in tree species composition between forests and savanna","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.02.019","article-title":"Male dolphin alliances in Shark Bay: changing perspectives in a 30-year study","volume":"103","author":"Connor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib16","unstructured":"R. Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2021. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.03.110172.000245","article-title":"Olfactory communication in mammals","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1972","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13482","article-title":"Aggressive communication in aquatic environments","volume":"34","author":"Frommen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2007.00733.x","article-title":"Feeding innovations and parasitism in birds","volume":"90","author":"Garamszegi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.37.4.2011.472","article-title":"Photo-identification: a reliable and noninvasive tool for studying pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis)","volume":"37","author":"Gomez-Salazar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. Mamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6692","article-title":"Boto (Inia geoffrensis\u2014Cetacea: Iniidae) aggregations in two provisioning sites in the lower Negro River\u2014Amazonas, Brazil: are they related?","volume":"7","author":"Gravena","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib22","unstructured":"Hartig, F., Lohse, L., 2022. multi-level\/mixed) regression models, DHARMa: Residual Diagn. Hierarchical."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib23","series-title":"Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification","author":"Jefferson","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(73)80012-0","article-title":"Scent marking in mammals","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2307\/1379214","article-title":"Social behavior of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus): a study in contrast","volume":"53","author":"Kleiman","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2016.00050","article-title":"Sensory perception in cetaceans: Part II\u2014promising experimental approaches to study chemoreception in dolphins","volume":"4","author":"Kremers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2016.00049","article-title":"Sensory perception in cetaceans: Part I\u2014current knowledge about dolphin senses as a representative species","volume":"4","author":"Kremers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mambio.2017.05.003","article-title":"Does human infrastructure shape scent marking in a solitary felid?","volume":"87","author":"Krofel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mamm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib29","series-title":"Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans: Laboratory and Field Evidence","first-page":"481","article-title":"Chemical Sense of Dolphins: Quasi-olfaction","author":"Kuznetzov","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib30","first-page":"107","article-title":"Patterns of scent marking with urine and faeces amongst carnivore communities","volume":"45","author":"MacDonald","year":"1980","journal-title":"Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12122","article-title":"Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls: from mechanisms to consequences","volume":"90","author":"Magrath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003868","article-title":"Why do dolphins carry sponges?","volume":"3","author":"Mann","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2006.00003.x","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism and body scarring in the boto Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2008.0067","article-title":"Object carrying as socio-sexual display in an aquatic mammal","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.062794","article-title":"Contextual chemosensory urine signaling in an African cichlid fish","volume":"215","author":"Maruska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib36","first-page":"821","article-title":"Behavior of the Hawaiian spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris","volume":"77","author":"Norris","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fish Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib37","series-title":". Animal Creativity and Innovation","first-page":"73","article-title":"Cetacean innovation","author":"Patterson","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10211-012-0132-2","article-title":"Resource defence and dominance hierarchy in the boto (Inia geoffrensis) during a provisioning program","volume":"16","author":"Pinto de S\u00e1 Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ethol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2010.06.007","article-title":"Assessment of dominance hierarchy through urine scent marking and its chemical constituents in male blackbuck Antelope cervicapra, a critically endangered species","volume":"85","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2001.1953","article-title":"Behavioural flexibility and invasion success in birds","volume":"63","author":"Sol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib41","series-title":"Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Odontocetes. Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16663-2_19","article-title":"Cetacean sociality in rivers, lagoons, and estuaries","author":"Sutaria","year":"2019"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602920103","article-title":"Developmental basis for hind-limb loss in dolphins and origin of the cetacean body plan","volume":"103","author":"Thewissen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib43","series-title":"Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Odontocetes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16663-2_2","article-title":"Communication by sound and by visual, tactile, and chemical sensing","author":"Tyack","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib44","series-title":"The cultural lives of whales and dolphins","author":"Whitehead","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru183","article-title":"Behavioral responses to changing environments","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11932","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402289111","article-title":"Duration of urination does not change with body size","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Behavioural Processes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376635725000117?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376635725000117?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T10:56:09Z","timestamp":1740394569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376635725000117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0376635725000117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-6357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-6357","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aerial urination suggests undescribed sensory modality and social function in river dolphins","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Processes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2025.105149","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105149"}}