{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:57:20Z","timestamp":1790607440547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus Plus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Processes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:23:24Z","timestamp":1790097804000},"page":"105440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Separate, yet connected: Social contagion within and between two groups of chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Norscia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altea","family":"Pasqualotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ciarcelluti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Demuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Collarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Cordoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1018-25.2025","article-title":"Familiarity gates socially transmitted aggression via the medial amygdala","volume":"45","author":"Adjei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2020.07.012","article-title":"Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence","volume":"84","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534","article-title":"Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods","volume":"49","author":"Altmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib4","first-page":"S468","article-title":"Contagious yawning in chimpanzees","volume":"271","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1163\/156853903322127968","article-title":"Grooming interactions among the chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda: tests of five explanatory models","volume":"140","author":"Arnold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)40:3<283::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"The neighbor effect: Other groups influence intragroup agonistic behaviour in captive chimpanzees","volume":"40","author":"Baker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","article-title":"Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal","volume":"68","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091773","article-title":"Individual variation in contagious yawning susceptibility is highly stable and largely unexplained by empathy or other known factors","volume":"9","author":"Bartholomew","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib9","first-page":"135","article-title":"2015. Package lme4","volume":"50","author":"Bates","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.09.006","article-title":"Cooperation and competition during dyadic play in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris","volume":"73","author":"Bauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/0591-2385.00388","article-title":"The evolution of animal play, emotions, and social morality: On science, theology, spirituality, personhood, and love","volume":"36","author":"Bekoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zygon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(76)90072-2","article-title":"Dominance, aggression and reproduction in primate societies","volume":"60","author":"Bernstein","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib13","article-title":"Observing grooming promotes affiliation in Barbary macaques","volume":"285","author":"Berthier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49698-6","article-title":"Observational data reveal evidence and parameters of contagious yawning in the behavioural repertoire of captive-reared chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"9","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018283","article-title":"Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy","volume":"6","author":"Campbell","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib16","article-title":"Chimpanzees empathize with group mates and humans, but not with baboons or unfamiliar chimpanzees","volume":"281","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00481","article-title":"Understanding \u201cprior intentions\u201d enables two-year-olds to imitatively learn a complex task","volume":"73","author":"Carpenter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073917723461","article-title":"The integration of emotional expression and experience: A pragmatist review of recent evidence from brain stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Caruana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2021.02.010","article-title":"Yawn contagion promotes motor synchrony in wild lions, Panthera leo","volume":"174","author":"Casetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib20","series-title":"Mastering gephi network visualization","author":"Cherven","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23537","article-title":"Is it for real? Structural differences between play and real fighting in adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"85","author":"Cordoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2021.02.016","article-title":"The dark side of play: play fighting as a substitute for real fighting in domestic pigs, Sus scrofa","volume":"175","author":"Cordoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib23","first-page":"2769","article-title":"Nuancing \u201cemotional\u201d social play: Does play behaviour always underlie a positive emotional state?","volume":"14","author":"Cordoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193096","article-title":"Differences in play can illuminate differences in affiliation: A comparative study on chimpanzees and gorillas","volume":"13","author":"Cordoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-bja10334","article-title":"Assessing the diversity of play via ecological and social science measures: a possible window into an emotionally diverse behaviour","author":"Cordoni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.121.2.171","article-title":"Response of captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to different housing conditions: testing the aggression-density and coping models","volume":"121","author":"Cordoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027344","article-title":"Ontogenetic trajectories of chimpanzee social play: similarities with humans","volume":"6","author":"Cordoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib28","unstructured":"R. Core Team, 2019. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib29","series-title":"Exploring animal social networks","author":"Croft","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0535","article-title":"Rapid facial mimicry in orangutan play","volume":"4","author":"Davila Ross","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127337","article-title":"Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Produce the Same Types of \u201cLaugh Faces\u201d when They Emit Laughter and when They Are Silent","volume":"10","author":"Davila-Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23671","article-title":"Beware! Different methods lead to divergent results on yawn contagion modulation in bonobos","volume":"6","author":"De Vittoris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294470","article-title":"The rowwise correlation between two proximity matrices and the partial rowwise correlation","volume":"58","author":"de Vries","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.586","article-title":"Primates--a natural heritage of conflict resolution","volume":"289","author":"de Waal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.72","article-title":"Mammalian empathy: behavioural manifestations and neural basis","volume":"18","author":"de Waal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22325-7","article-title":"Female bonobos show social swelling by synchronizing their maximum swelling and increasing bonding","volume":"12","author":"Demuru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105950","article-title":"First predict, then bond: Rethinking the function of mimicry from prediction to affiliation in human and non-human animals","volume":"168","author":"Diana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib38","series-title":"An introduction to generalized linear models","author":"Dobson","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1163\/156853993X00290","article-title":"The concept and definition of dominance in animal behaviour","volume":"125","author":"Drews","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000156574","article-title":"Functional significance of social grooming in primates","volume":"57","author":"Dunbar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Folia Primatol. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.2001","article-title":"Understanding primate brain evolution","volume":"362","author":"Dunbar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib42","series-title":"Animal Play Behaviour","author":"Fagen","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib43","series-title":"Juvenile Primates","first-page":"182","article-title":"Primate juvenile and primate play","author":"Fagen","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35404","article-title":"Chimpanzee females queue but males compete for social status","volume":"6","author":"Foerster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-010-1038-5","article-title":"Cryptic multiple hypotheses testing in linear models: overestimated effect sizes and the winner\u2019s curse","volume":"65","author":"Forstmeier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.2.3.8718","article-title":"Why are bystanders friendly to recipients of aggression?","volume":"2","author":"Fraser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191898","article-title":"Social network and dominance hierarchy analyses at Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest","volume":"13","author":"Funkhouser","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000072786","article-title":"The roots of empathy: the shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity","volume":"36","author":"Gallese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.2307\/30040640","article-title":"Interpersonal aggression in work groups: Social influence, reciprocal, and individual effects","volume":"46","author":"Glomb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22716","article-title":"The relationship between social play and developmental milestones in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)","volume":"79","author":"Heintz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib51","series-title":"in: Advances in the Study of Behaviour","first-page":"105","article-title":"Chapter 3 social processes influencing learning in animals: A review of the evidence","author":"Hoppitt","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0060","article-title":"The evolution of imitation: what do the capacities of non-human animals tell us about the mechanisms of imitation?","volume":"364","author":"Huber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163604","article-title":"Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons","volume":"60","author":"Iacoboni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.04.009","article-title":"Triadic postconflict affiliation in captive chimpanzees: does consolation console?","volume":"73","author":"Koski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23138","article-title":"Low relationship quality predicts scratch contagion during tense situations in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)","volume":"82","author":"Lam\u00e9ris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478336","article-title":"On dominance relations and the structure of animal societies: I. Effect of inherent characteristics","volume":"13","author":"Landau","year":"1951","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.10.025","article-title":"Group size, grooming and social cohesion in primates","volume":"74","author":"Lehmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77805-9","article-title":"Contagious yawning and scratching in captive lemurs","volume":"14","author":"Lemes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-015-9842-4","article-title":"Rehabilitation and socialization of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) used for entertainment and as pets: An 8-year study at Fundaci\u00f3 Mona","volume":"36","author":"Llorente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib60","first-page":"347","article-title":"Looking for visitor\u2019s effect in sanctuaries: Implications of guided visitor groups on the behaviour of the chimpanzees at Fundaci\u00f3 Mona","volume":"9","author":"L\u00f3pez-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.10.028","article-title":"Mutual grooming among adult male chimpanzees: the immediate investment hypothesis","volume":"87","author":"Machanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00478.x","article-title":"Aging and visual attention","volume":"16","author":"Madden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076266","article-title":"Chimpanzees show a developmental increase in susceptibility to contagious yawning: a test of the effect of ontogeny and emotional closeness on yawn contagion","volume":"8","author":"Madsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.01.002","article-title":"Age-dependent cognitive inflexibility in great apes","volume":"102","author":"Manrique","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040697","article-title":"Male yawning is more contagious than female yawning among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"7","author":"Massen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.11.021","article-title":"Male chimpanzees form enduring and equitable social bonds","volume":"77","author":"Mitani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-4-21","article-title":"The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees","volume":"4","author":"Muehlenbein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib68","series-title":"Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos","first-page":"112","article-title":"Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees","author":"Muller","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2003.03.013","article-title":"Dominance, aggression and testosterone in wild chimpanzees: a test of the \u2018challenge hypothesis","volume":"67","author":"Muller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(02)00194-X","article-title":"Gatherings\u2019 of social grooming among wild chimpanzees: Implications for evolution of sociality","volume":"44","author":"Nakamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Human. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib71","series-title":"Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos","first-page":"125","article-title":"Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda","author":"Newton-Fisher","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2017.04.012","article-title":"Grooming decisions under structural despotism: the impact of social rank and bystanders among wild male chimpanzees","volume":"128","author":"Newton-Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01730971","article-title":"The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains","volume":"9","author":"Nishida","year":"1968","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106489","article-title":"Same but not the same: An eco-ethological model of automatic mimicry and behavioural contagion in primates","volume":"180","author":"Norscia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23366","article-title":"Yawn contagion in bonobos: Another group, another story","volume":"84","author":"Norscia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-025-09488-8","article-title":"Is it a Match? Yawn Contagion and Smile Mimicry in Toddlers","volume":"36","author":"Norscia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80545-1","article-title":"Yawn contagion in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa)","volume":"11","author":"Norscia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2025.0144","article-title":"The play fever: individual and group factors influence the contagion of play behaviour within social hominid groups","volume":"381","author":"Norscia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-bja10363","article-title":"Face off! Incongruent facial response and counter-mimicry in chimpanzees: rare but present","author":"Norscia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2024.105092","article-title":"Play contagion in African elephants: The closest, the better","volume":"221","author":"Norscia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoae009","article-title":"Social play in African savannah elephants may inform selection against aggression","volume":"70","author":"Norscia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028472","article-title":"Yawn contagion and empathy in Homo sapiens","volume":"6","author":"Norscia","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-010-0228-0","article-title":"When play is a family business: adult play, hierarchy, and possible stress reduction in common marmosets","volume":"52","author":"Norscia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Primates"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.11.052","article-title":"Socially contagious urination in chimpanzees","volume":"35","author":"Onishi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.201538","article-title":"Social contagion of affiliation in female macaques","volume":"8","author":"Ostner","year":"2021","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.12966\/abc.05.09.2014","article-title":"Sub-adult ravens synchronize their play: A case of emotional contagion?","volume":"2","author":"Osvath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Behav. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.01.020","article-title":"The neuroethology of spontaneous mimicry and emotional contagion in human and non-human animals","volume":"111","author":"Palagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2004.01035.x","article-title":"Immediate and delayed benefits of play behaviour: New evidence from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"110","author":"Palagi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-006-9071-y","article-title":"Short-term benefits of play behaviour and conflict prevention in Pan paniscus","volume":"27","author":"Palagi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2024.10.003","article-title":"Social tension in the aftermath of public conflicts: an ethological analysis in humans","volume":"218","author":"Pallante","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1994)20:1<49::AID-AB2480200107>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Fighting and playfighting in captive adolescent chimpanzees","volume":"20","author":"Paquette","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23709","article-title":"Yawn Contagion and Modality-Matching in the Female-Bonded Society of Geladas (Theropithecus gelada)","volume":"87","author":"Pedruzzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80295-5","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on play fighting in rats: effects of dominance, partner\u2019s playfulness, temperament and neonatal exposure to testosterone propionate","volume":"50","author":"Pellis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:1<41::AID-AB5>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Targets, tactics, and the open mouth face during play fighting in three species of primates","volume":"23","author":"Pellis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib95","first-page":"278","article-title":"The function of play in the development of the social brain","volume":"2","author":"Pellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Play."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003346","article-title":"Play fighting in Visayan warty pigs (Sus cebifrons): insights on restraint and reciprocity in the maintenance of play","volume":"153","author":"Pellis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105037","article-title":"Play fighting and the development of the social brain: The rat\u2019s tale","volume":"145","author":"Pellis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2018.12.011","article-title":"Is play a behaviour system, and, if so, what kind?","volume":"160","author":"Pellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/com0000082","article-title":"I am going to groom you\u201d: Multiple forms of play fighting in gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus)","volume":"132","author":"Pellis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib100","series-title":"Juvenile primates: life history, development and behaviour, with a new foreword","author":"Pereira","year":"2002"},{"issue":"7139","key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1236","article-title":"What\u2019s wrong with Bonferroni adjustments","volume":"316","author":"Perneger","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib102","first-page":"3","article-title":"Play as neural exercise: Insights from the Polyvagal theory","author":"Porges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Power Play. Mind Brain Health Mindgains. Org. GAINS Phila. PA USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12228","article-title":"Great ape genetic diversity and population history","volume":"499","author":"Prado-Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00107","article-title":"Urinary cortisol, aggression, dominance and competition in wild, west African male chimpanzees","volume":"7","author":"Preis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.140","article-title":"Only the PAM explains the personalized nature of empathy","volume":"18","author":"Preston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.013","article-title":"Connecting minds and sharing emotions through mimicry: A neurocognitive model of emotional contagion","volume":"80","author":"Prochazkova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib107","article-title":"Within-group behavioural consequences of between-group conflict: a prospective review","volume":"283","author":"Radford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2020.102813","article-title":"Adolescent and young adult male chimpanzees form affiliative, yet aggressive, relationships with females","volume":"144","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.139","article-title":"Some considerations on de Waal and Preston review","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-2002-3","article-title":"Mirror neurons: from discovery to autism","volume":"200","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.02.025","article-title":"Ecological variation in adult social play reveals a hidden cost of motherhood for wild chimpanzees","volume":"34","author":"Sabbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.10.058","article-title":"Social play fosters cooperation in wild adult chimpanzees","volume":"34","author":"Samuni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312467","article-title":"ChimpanSEE, ChimpanDO: Grooming and play contagion in chimpanzees","volume":"19","author":"Sandars","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106156","article-title":"Social contagion in primates: Moderating factors and significance for individuals and the group","volume":"173","author":"Sandars","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23091","article-title":"Adolescent male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) form social bonds with their brothers and others during the transition to adulthood","volume":"82","author":"Sandel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib116","series-title":"Behavioural Endocrinology","first-page":"409","article-title":"Endocrinology of the stress-response","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203590","article-title":"Using social network analysis to understand online Problem-Based Learning and predict performance","volume":"13","author":"Saqr","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10842","article-title":"Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence","volume":"483","author":"Scally","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib119","series-title":"in: Handbook of Research Methods in Human Operant Behaviour","first-page":"471","article-title":"Social Behaviour","author":"Schmitt","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00057","article-title":"Contagious itch: what we know and what we would like to know","volume":"9","author":"Schut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib121","series-title":"in: New Frontiers in Mirror Neurons Research","first-page":"198","article-title":"Mirrors match minds","author":"Sch\u00fcz-Bosbach","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.02.020","article-title":"Positive emotional contagion in a New Zealand parrot","volume":"27","author":"Schwing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22289","article-title":"The importance of social play network for infant or juvenile wild chimpanzees at Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania","volume":"76","author":"Shimada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib124","series-title":"NonParametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"Siegel","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0289","article-title":"The mirror neuron system as revealed through neonatal imitation: presence from birth, predictive power and evidence of plasticity","volume":"369","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib126","series-title":"in: New Aspects of Human Ethology","first-page":"47","article-title":"Play fighting and real fighting","author":"Smith","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-012-0332-4","article-title":"Female parity, male aggression, and the Challenge Hypothesis in wild chimpanzees","volume":"54","author":"Sobolewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1086\/393866","article-title":"Mammalian play: can training for the unexpected be fun?","volume":"76","author":"\u0160pinka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35693-5","article-title":"Yawning and scratching contagion in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)","volume":"13","author":"Valdivieso-Cortadella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-022-03284-5","article-title":"First evidence of contagious yawning in a wild lemur","volume":"77","author":"Valente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79160-x","article-title":"Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)","volume":"10","author":"van Berlo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib132","first-page":"162","article-title":"A structure analysis of the social behaviour of a semi-captive group of chimpanzees","volume":"75","author":"Van Hooff","year":"1973","journal-title":"Social. Commun. Mov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib133","series-title":"in: Animal Social Complexity","first-page":"260","article-title":"Laughter and smiling: The intertwining of nature and culture","author":"Van Hooff","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0066-1856(68)80003-2","article-title":"The behaviour of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe stream reserve","volume":"1","author":"Van Lawick-Goodall","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anim. Behav. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00285-6","article-title":"Social behaviour and social motivation in adolescent rats: role of housing conditions and partner\u2019s activity","volume":"67","author":"Varlinskaya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20133","article-title":"Neighbor effect: evidence of affiliative and agonistic social contagion in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"66","author":"Videan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20805","article-title":"Neighbor effects in marmosets: social contagion of agonism and affiliation in captive Callithrix jacchus","volume":"72","author":"Watson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1163\/156853902760102708","article-title":"Reciprocity and interchange in the social relationships of wild male chimpanzees","volume":"139","author":"Watts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-020-01466-0","article-title":"Early evidence for emotional play contagion in juvenile ravens","volume":"24","author":"Wenig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/h0023023","article-title":"Toward a theory of behavioural contagion","volume":"73","author":"Wheeler","year":"1966","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0069","article-title":"Emulation, imitation, over-imitation and the scope of culture for child and chimpanzee","volume":"364","author":"Whiten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.10.006","article-title":"Adult-adult social play in captive chimpanzees: Is it indicative of positive animal welfare?","volume":"199","author":"Yamanashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aak9748","article-title":"Molecular and neural basis of contagious itch behaviour in mice","volume":"355","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01237","article-title":"Imitation by animals: How do they do it?","volume":"12","author":"Zentall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025381","article-title":"Perspectives on observational learning in animals","volume":"126","author":"Zentall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Processes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376635726001154?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0376635726001154?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:13:16Z","timestamp":1790604796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0376635726001154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":145,"alternative-id":["S0376635726001154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440","relation":{},"ISSN":["0376-6357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0376-6357","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Separate, yet connected: Social contagion within and between two groups of chimpanzees","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Processes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2026.105440","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105440"}}