{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:41:10Z","timestamp":1792885270673,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T11:22:33Z","timestamp":1150197753000},"page":"451-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Ankylosing spondylitis and bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Rudwaleit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Baeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780210603","article-title":"Seronegative polyarthritis: a unified concept","volume":"21","author":"Wright","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341003","article-title":"The European spondylarthropathy study group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy","volume":"34","author":"Dougados","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib3","first-page":"85","article-title":"Criteria of the classification of spondylarthropathies","volume":"57","author":"Amor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Revue du Rhumatisme et des Maladies Osteo-Articulaires"},{"issue":"supplement 3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_3.iii1","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: an overview","volume":"61","author":"Sieper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70042-9","article-title":"Bowel inflammation and the spondyloarthropathies","volume":"24","author":"De Keyser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70039-9","article-title":"Prognosis, course of disease, and treatment of the spondyloarthropathies","volume":"24","author":"Leirisalo-Repo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1982.tb01428.x","article-title":"The distribution of clinical findings in Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis) suggests distinct genetic subgroups","volume":"22","author":"Moller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib8","first-page":"1658","article-title":"HLA antigens in ankylosing spondylitis associated with Crohn's disease. Increased frequency of the HLA phenotype B27, B44","volume":"15","author":"Purrmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib9","first-page":"2860","article-title":"Spondyloarthropathy is underestimated in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and HLA association","volume":"27","author":"de Vlam","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib10","first-page":"2667","article-title":"Inflammatory eye, skin, and bowel disease in spondyloarthritis: genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors","volume":"28","author":"Brophy","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370105","article-title":"High frequency of silent inflammatory bowel disease in spondylarthropathy","volume":"37","author":"Leirisalo-Repo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/XXVII.suppl_2.95","article-title":"Ileocolonoscopic findings in seronegative spondylarthropathies","volume":"27","author":"Mielants","year":"1988","journal-title":"British Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib13","first-page":"2266","article-title":"The evolution of spondyloarthropathies in relation to gut histology. I. Clinical aspects","volume":"22","author":"Mielants","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib14","first-page":"2273","article-title":"The evolution of spondyloarthropathies in relation to gut histology. II. Histological aspects","volume":"22","author":"Mielants","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib15","first-page":"2279","article-title":"The evolution of spondyloarthropathies in relation to gut histology. III. Relation between gut and joint","volume":"22","author":"Mielants","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2728::AID-ART459>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and spondylarthropathy","volume":"44","author":"Smale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.7.644","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and their healthy relatives","volume":"33","author":"Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib18","first-page":"128","article-title":"Bowel permeability and CD45RO expression on circulating CD20+B cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and their relatives","volume":"26","author":"Vaile","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.3.387","article-title":"Peripheral arthropathies in inflammatory bowel disease: their articular distribution and natural history","volume":"42","author":"Orchard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria","volume":"27","author":"van der Linden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib21","first-page":"511","article-title":"Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population study (the IBSEN study)","volume":"29","author":"Palm","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.021774","article-title":"Radiological sacroiliitis, a hallmark of spondylitis, is linked with CARD15 gene polymorphisms in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"63","author":"Peeters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib23","first-page":"110","article-title":"The prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease with inflammatory low back pain","volume":"56","author":"Podswiadek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib24","first-page":"518","article-title":"Low back pain, sacroiliitis, and the relationship with HLA-B27 in Crohn's disease","volume":"30","author":"Steer","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670070003","article-title":"Subclinical sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical and follow-up study","volume":"19","author":"Queiro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043479293","article-title":"The immunobiology of HLA-B27: variations on a theme","volume":"4","author":"Colbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401015","article-title":"Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins: the role of genes, HLA, and the environment","volume":"40","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043479284","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"4","author":"Sims","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780231205","article-title":"The spondylitis of inflammatory bowel disease. Evidence for a non-HLA linked axial arthropathy","volume":"23","author":"Enlow","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107","article-title":"Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease","volume":"411","author":"Hugot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10329","article-title":"Role of NOD2 variants in spondylarthritis","volume":"46","author":"Crane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10196","article-title":"CARD15\/NOD2 analyses in spondylarthropathy","volume":"46","author":"Miceli-Richard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib33","first-page":"2470","article-title":"The Crohn's associated NOD2 3020InsC frameshift mutation does not confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"29","author":"D'Amato","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363914","article-title":"CARD15 gene mutations are not associated with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"4","author":"van der Paardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib35","first-page":"102","article-title":"Lack of association of ankylosing spondylitis with the most common NOD2 susceptibility alleles to Crohn's disease","volume":"30","author":"Ferreiros-Vidal","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.028837","article-title":"CARD15 gene polymorphisms in patients with spondyloarthropathies identify a specific phenotype previously related to Crohn's disease","volume":"64","author":"Laukens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.08.035","article-title":"Subclinical intestinal inflammation and sacroiliac changes in relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"125","author":"Bjarnason","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib38","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Gut inflammation in children with late onset pauci-articular juvenile chronic arthritis and evolution to adult spondyloarthropathy: a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"Mielants","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib39","first-page":"680","article-title":"Gut inflammation in psoriatic arthritis: a prospective ileocolonoscopic study","volume":"22","author":"Schatteman","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.4.394","article-title":"Histopathology of intestinal inflammation related to reactive arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Cuvelier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1235","article-title":"Increase in lymphoid follicles and leukocyte adhesion molecules emphasizes a role for the gut in spondyloarthropathy pathogenesis","volume":"198","author":"Demetter","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964393","article-title":"Long-term evolution of gut inflammation in patients with spondyloarthropathy","volume":"110","author":"De Vos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/114.3.364","article-title":"Focal upregulation of E-cadherin-catenin complex in inflamed bowel mucosa but reduced expression in ulcer-associated lineage","volume":"114","author":"Demetter","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.3.211","article-title":"Subclinical gut inflammation in spondyloarthropathy patients is associated with upregulation of the E-cadherin\/catenin complex","volume":"59","author":"Demetter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171693","article-title":"Distinctive activated cellular subsets in colon from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Elewaut","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib46","first-page":"1932","article-title":"Enrichment of T cells carrying beta7 integrins in inflamed synovial tissue from patients with early spondyloarthropathy, compared to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Elewaut","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib47","first-page":"681","article-title":"Gut mucosal T cell lines from ankylosing spondylitis patients are enriched with alphaEbeta7 integrin","volume":"19","author":"Van Damme","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01638.x","article-title":"The proportion of Th1 cells, which prevail in gut mucosa, is decreased in inflammatory bowel syndrome","volume":"125","author":"Van Damme","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.5.495","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of gut mucosal lymphocytes supports an impaired Th1 cytokine profile in spondyloarthropathy","volume":"60","author":"Van Damme","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.018382","article-title":"Colon mucosa of both spondyloarthritis and Crohn's disease patients is enriched with macrophages expressing the scavenger receptor CD163","volume":"64","author":"Demetter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/35079114","article-title":"frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease","volume":"411","author":"Ogura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.5.455","article-title":"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae IgA antibodies are raised in ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy","volume":"62","author":"Hoffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000080081","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease-specific autoantibodies in HLA-associated spondyloarthropathies: increased prevalence of AS pANCA","volume":"70","author":"Torok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02759.x","article-title":"CARD15 polymorphisms are associated with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in caucasian Crohn's disease patients","volume":"140","author":"Vander Cruyssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000199614","article-title":"Induction of chronic arthritis in rats by cell wall fragments of anaerobic coccoid rods isolated from the faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"39","author":"Severijnen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib56","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Cell wall fragments from major residents of the human intestinal flora induce chronic arthritis in rats","volume":"16","author":"Severijnen","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib57","first-page":"677","article-title":"Arthritis in pigs induced by dietary factor: microbiological, clinical and histological studies","volume":"9","author":"Mansson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90512-D","article-title":"Spontaneous inflammatory disease in transgenic rats expressing HLA-B27 and human b2m: an animal model of HLA-B27-associated human disorders","volume":"63","author":"Hammer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.6.2359","article-title":"The germfree state prevents development of gut and joint inflammatory disease in HLA-B27 transgenic rats","volume":"180","author":"Taurog","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.794","article-title":"T cells, but not thymic exposure to HLA-B27, are required for the inflammatory disease of HLA-B27 transgenic rats","volume":"156","author":"Breban","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.2.1099","article-title":"CD8 alpha beta T cells are not essential to the pathogenesis of arthritis and colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats","volume":"170","author":"May","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.5110","article-title":"HLA-B27 in transgenic rats form disulfide-linked heavy chain oligomers and multimers that bind to the chaperone BiP","volume":"172","author":"Tran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb07942.x","article-title":"Expression of T cell receptors alpha beta and gamma delta in the ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease and with spondyloarthropathy","volume":"90","author":"Cuvelier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.12.945","article-title":"Comparative study of the synovial histology in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, and osteoarthritis: influence of disease duration and activity","volume":"59","author":"Baeten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.4.316","article-title":"Immunohistological study of the entheses in spondyloarthropathies: comparison in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"60","author":"Laloux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1529","article-title":"Multispecific CD4+T cell response to a single 12-mer epitope of the immunodominant heat-shock protein 60 of Yersinia enterocolitica in yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis: overlap with the B27-restricted CD8 epitope, functional properties, and epitope presentation by multiple DR alleles","volume":"164","author":"Mertz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4738","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4738","article-title":"Identification of HLA-B27-restricted peptides from the Chlamydia trachomatis proteome with possible relevance to HLA-B27-associated disease","volume":"167","author":"Kuon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2834::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Analysis of the antigen-specific T cell response in reactive arthritis by flow cytometry","volume":"43","author":"Thiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01709.x","article-title":"Recognition of the 60 kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane protein OMP2 by CD4+T cells from humans infected with Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"126","author":"Goodall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01440.x","article-title":"CD4+ and CD8+ clonal T cell expansions indicate a role of antigens in ankylosing spondylitis; a study in HLA-B27+ monozygotic twins","volume":"123","author":"Duchmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4650","article-title":"Human leucocyte subpopulations from inflamed gut bind to joint vasculature using distinct sets of adhesion molecules","volume":"166","author":"Salmi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<186::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy on synovium in spondyloarthropathy: histologic findings in eight patients from an open-label pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Baeten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401010","article-title":"Crucial role of interleukin-10\/interleukin-12 balance in the regulation of the type 2 T helper cytokine response in reactive arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Yin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.1.36","article-title":"Low T cell production of TNFalpha and IFNgamma in ankylosing spondylitis: its relation to HLA-B27 and influence of the TNF-308 gene polymorphism","volume":"60","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.8.750","article-title":"Impaired Th1 cytokine production in spondyloarthropathy is restored by anti-TNFalpha","volume":"60","author":"Baeten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/38.11.1058","article-title":"The elevated ratio of interferon gamma-\/interleukin-4-positive T cells found in synovial fluid and synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis patients can be changed by interleukin-4 but not by interleukin-10 or transforming growth factor beta","volume":"38","author":"Yin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.4.263","article-title":"Differential Th1\/Th2 cytokine patterns in chronic arthritis: interferon gamma is highly expressed in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis compared with seronegative spondyloarthropathies","volume":"59","author":"Canete","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199910)42:10<2039::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Low secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, but no other Th1 or Th2 cytokines, by peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with chronicity in reactive arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Braun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1044","article-title":"Macrophages expressing the scavenger receptor CD163: a link between immune alterations of the gut and synovial inflammation in spondyloarthropathy","volume":"196","author":"Baeten","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R359","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1501","article-title":"Infiltration of the synovial membrane with macrophage subsets and polymorphonuclear cells reflects global disease activity in spondyloarthropathy","volume":"7","author":"Baeten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20174","article-title":"Association of CD163 positive macrophages and local production of CD163 with decreased lymphocyte activation in spondyloarthropathy synovitis","volume":"50","author":"Baeten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7010","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.7010-7017.2000","article-title":"Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"68","author":"Cario","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21155","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade treatment down-modulates the increased systemic and local expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in spondylarthropathy","volume":"52","author":"De Rycke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380407","article-title":"Use of immunohistologic and in situ hybridization techniques in the examination of sacroiliac joint biopsy specimens from patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"38","author":"Braun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200006)43:6<1244::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Macrophage-derived cytokine and nuclear factor kappaB p65 expression in synovial membrane and skin of patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Danning","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70381-6","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Fiocchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.041137","article-title":"ASAS\/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"65","author":"Zochling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.57.667.297","article-title":"Relapse of ulcerative proctocolitis during treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"57","author":"Rampton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02262.x","article-title":"Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study","volume":"95","author":"Felder","year":"2000","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-4-513","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activate quiescent inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"107","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(02)00033-6","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectives","volume":"46","author":"Cipolla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.5.619","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with emergency admission to hospital for colitis due to inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Evans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02263.x","article-title":"Tolerance of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"95","author":"Bonner","year":"2000","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200411000-00009","article-title":"A long-term cohort study of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and disease activity in outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Bonner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"issue":"supplement 3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii40","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_3.iii40","article-title":"Conventional treatments for ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"61","author":"Dougados","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.019174","article-title":"Six months open label trial of leflunomide in active ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"64","author":"Haibel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023176","article-title":"Open label trial of anakinra in active ankylosing spondylitis over 24 weeks","volume":"64","author":"Haibel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/art.511","article-title":"Randomized double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha (infliximab) versus placebo in active spondylarthropathy","volume":"46","author":"Van Den Bosch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08215-6","article-title":"Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial","volume":"359","author":"Braun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012664","article-title":"Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"346","author":"Gorman","year":"2002","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh475","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of etanercept after readministration in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"44","author":"Brandt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh205","article-title":"Biological therapies in the spondyloarthritides\u2014the current state","volume":"43","author":"Braun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20852","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis study for the evaluation of recombinant infliximab therapy study group. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ASSERT)","volume":"52","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.5.8.1095","article-title":"Infliximab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"5","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Brandt HC, et al. Adalimumab reduces spinal symptoms in active ankylosing spondylitis\u2014clinical and MRI results of a 52-week open-label trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism; 2006; 54: 678\u2013681.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21563"},{"issue":"supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib106","first-page":"S281","article-title":"Adalimumab therapy results in significant reductions of signs and symptoms in subjects with ankylosing spondylitis: the ATLAS trial","volume":"52","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.040758","article-title":"First update of the International ASAS Consensus Statement for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"65","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03239-6","article-title":"Crohn's disease associated with spondyloarthropathy: effect of TNF-alpha blockade with infliximab on articular symptoms","volume":"356","author":"Van den Bosch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.012450","article-title":"Infliximab in spondyloarthropathy associated with Crohn's disease: an open study on the efficacy of inducing and maintaining remission of musculoskeletal and gut manifestations","volume":"63","author":"Generini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.74","article-title":"Efficacy of etanercept for treatment of Crohn's related spondyloarthritis but not colitis","volume":"62","author":"Marzo-Ortega","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06064.x","article-title":"Improvement of arthritis and arthralgia after treatment with infliximab (Remicade) in a German prospective, open-label, multicenter trial in refractory Crohn's disease","volume":"97","author":"Herfarth","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08512-4","article-title":"ACCENT I study group. Maintenance infliximab for Crohn's disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial","volume":"359","author":"Hanauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.003","article-title":"Infliximab as rescue therapy in severe to moderately severe ulcerative colitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"128","author":"Jarnerot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04705.x","article-title":"Etanercept in the treatment of active refractory Crohn's disease: a single-center pilot trial","volume":"96","author":"D'Haens","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.28674","article-title":"Etanercept for active Crohn's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Sandborn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21588","article-title":"Outcome of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis after two years of therapy with etanercept: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data","volume":"53","author":"Baraliakos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11325","article-title":"Enbrel Ankylosing Spondylitis Study Group. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (etanercept) for treating ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib119","first-page":"752","article-title":"Development of Crohn's disease in a patient taking etanercept","volume":"32","author":"Oh","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.032441","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and the sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis during treatment with etanercept","volume":"64","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00382-2","article-title":"Infliximab but not etanercept induces apoptosis in lamina propria T-lymphocytes from patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"124","author":"Van den Brande","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.53.1.70","article-title":"Defective mucosal T cell death is sustainably reverted by infliximab in a caspase dependent pathway in Crohn's disease","volume":"53","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40462.x","article-title":"An open-label study of the human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody adalimumab in subjects with prior loss of response or intolerance to infliximab for Crohn's disease","volume":"99","author":"Sandborn","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40647.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of adalimumab (D2E7) in Crohn's disease patients with an attenuated response to infliximab","volume":"100","author":"Papadakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694206000404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694206000404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T14:27:12Z","timestamp":1683469632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694206000404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694206000404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}