{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:04:01Z","timestamp":1790172241544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,19]],"date-time":"2011-06-19T20:24:58Z","timestamp":1308515098000},"page":"69-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Neck and back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration: Role of occupational factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"F.M.K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.N.","family":"Sambrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015503329989","article-title":"Familial history, age and smoking are important risk factors for disc degeneration disease in Arabic pedigrees","volume":"17","author":"Livshits","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200109000-00002","article-title":"The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine to predict low-back pain in asymptomatic subjects: a seven-year follow-up study","volume":"83-A","author":"Borenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407143310201","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain","volume":"331","author":"Jensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20236","article-title":"Structural, psychological, and genetic influences on low back and neck pain: a study of adult female twins","volume":"51","author":"MacGregor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9178","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01312-4","article-title":"Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain","volume":"354","author":"Andersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and low back pain in adults: a diagnostic imaging study of 40-year-old men and women","volume":"30","author":"Kjaer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM260","article-title":"Relationship between disc injury and manual lifting: a poroelastic finite element model study","volume":"222","author":"Natarajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a01b3f","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals","volume":"34","author":"Cheung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib9","article-title":"Potential of magnetic resonance imaging findings to refine case definition for mechanical low back pain in epidemiological studies: a systematic review","author":"Endean","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200105150-00014","article-title":"The longitudinal assessment of imaging and disability of the back (LAIDBack) study: baseline data","volume":"26","author":"Jarvik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.05.250","article-title":"Discographic, MRI and psychosocial determinants of low back pain disability and remission: a prospective study in subjects with benign persistent back pain","volume":"5","author":"Carragee","year":"2005","journal-title":"The spine journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.10.018","article-title":"Computed tomography-evaluated features of spinal degeneration: prevalence, intercorrelation, and association with self-reported low back pain","volume":"10","author":"Kalichman","year":"2010","journal-title":"The spine journal"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01313","article-title":"Lumbar disc degeneration: epidemiology and genetics","volume":"88","author":"Battie","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.089417","article-title":"Investigating the determinants of international differences in the prevalence of chronic widespread pain: evidence from the European male ageing study","volume":"68","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.05.028","article-title":"The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Shiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp356","article-title":"The association between obesity and low back pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Shiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199902)42:2<366::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Genetic influences on cervical and lumbar disc degeneration: a magnetic resonance imaging study in twins","volume":"42","author":"Sambrook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.010","article-title":"Heritability of low back pain and the role of disc degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Battie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199104000-00009","article-title":"Disc degeneration and associated abnormalities of the spine in elite gymnasts. A magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"16","author":"Sward","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01358742","article-title":"The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males","volume":"6","author":"Savage","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002150-00016","article-title":"Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Luoma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512150-00002","article-title":"1995 Volvo award in clinical sciences. The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging, work perception, and psychosocial factors in identifying symptomatic disc herniations","volume":"20","author":"Boos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.11.926","article-title":"Narrowing of lumbar spinal canal predicts chronic low back pain more accurately than intervertebral disc degeneration: a magnetic resonance imaging study in young Finnish male conscripts","volume":"170","author":"Visuri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198909000-00012","article-title":"Magnetic resonance study of disc degeneration in young low-back pain patients","volume":"14","author":"Paajanen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00434112","article-title":"Age-dependent correlation of low-back pain and lumbar disc regeneration","volume":"116","author":"Paajanen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146457.83240.eb","article-title":"Lumbar disc degeneration: epidemiology and genetic influences","volume":"29","author":"Battie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22789","article-title":"Schmorl\u2019s nodes: common, highly heritable, and related to lumbar disc disease","volume":"57","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000202558.86309.ea","article-title":"Determinants of the progression in lumbar degeneration: a 5-year follow-up study of adult male monozygotic twins","volume":"31","author":"Videman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib29","series-title":"Epidemiology review: the epidemiology and cost of back pain","year":"1994"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.9.640","article-title":"Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon, vibration induced white finger, and difficulties in hearing","volume":"59","author":"Palmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181753bb1","article-title":"Progression and determinants of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measures of lumbar disc degeneration: a five-year follow-up of adult male monozygotic twins","volume":"33","author":"Videman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038414","article-title":"The relation between progressive osteoarthritis of the knee and long term progression of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and lumbar spine","volume":"65","author":"Hassett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512150-00001","article-title":"1995 Volvo Award in clinical sciences. Determinants of lumbar disc degeneration. A study relating lifetime exposures and magnetic resonance imaging findings in identical twins","volume":"20","author":"Battie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3109\/07853898909149227","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in sciatica. Evidence from a nationwide panel of 9365 adult twin pairs","volume":"21","author":"Heikkila","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000006760","article-title":"Back pain: a study of twins","volume":"40","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma )"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.073874","article-title":"Genetic associations in peripheral joint osteoarthritis and spinal degenerative disease: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Ryder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.073262","article-title":"Lumbar disc disease shows linkage to chromosome 19 overlapping with a QTL for hand OA","volume":"67","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212010-00008","article-title":"COL9A3 gene polymorphism and obesity in intervertebral disc degeneration of the lumbar spine: evidence of gene-environment interaction","volume":"27","author":"Solovieva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0988-1","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration in relation to the COL9A3 and the IL-1ss gene polymorphisms","volume":"15","author":"Solovieva","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4.283","article-title":"Advances in susceptibility genetics of intervertebral degenerative disc disease","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.749","article-title":"Model for the work-relatedness of low-back pain","volume":"29","author":"Lotters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq170","article-title":"Pain reporting at different body sites is explained by a single underlying genetic factor","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01407","article-title":"Effects of mechanical loading on intervertebral disc metabolism in vivo","volume":"88","author":"Iatridis","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20084","article-title":"Occupational exposures and inpatient hospital care for lumbar intervertebral disc disorders among Finns","volume":"46","author":"Leino-Arjas","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib45","first-page":"593","article-title":"Case-control study of risk factors for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in Croatian island populations","volume":"47","author":"Saftic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Croatian Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24514","article-title":"Association of occupational activity with radiographic knee osteoarthritis and lumbar spondylosis in elderly patients of population-based cohorts: a large-scale population-based study","volume":"61","author":"Muraki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070517","article-title":"MRI analysis of lumbar intervertebral disc height in young and older populations","volume":"7","author":"Roberts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-007-0270-4","article-title":"Locomotor diseases among male long-haul truck drivers and other professional drivers","volume":"81","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"issue":"9343","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11399-7","article-title":"Occupational driving and lumbar disc degeneration: a case-control study","volume":"360","author":"Battie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.11.821","article-title":"Occupational risk factors for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation; a case-control study","volume":"60","author":"Seidler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199610150-00009","article-title":"Prolapsed cervical intervertebral disc in male professional drivers in Denmark, 1981-1990. A longitudinal study of hospitalizations","volume":"21","author":"Jensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.11.007","article-title":"Back pain and work","volume":"24","author":"Costa-Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.1.82","article-title":"Medically certified work loss, recurrence and costs of wage compensation for back pain: a follow-up study of the working population of Jersey","volume":"37","author":"Watson","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007_bib54","unstructured":"European agency for safety and health at work: work related musculoskeletal disorders: back to work report. Belgium Luxembourg: office for official publications of the European communities. IBSN 2007;(978-92-9191):160\u20138."}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169421100012X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169421100012X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,2]],"date-time":"2018-12-02T05:50:43Z","timestamp":1543729843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152169421100012X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S152169421100012X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}