{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:08:53Z","timestamp":1793664533173,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bprclinrheum.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T16:15:45Z","timestamp":1416240945000},"page":"687-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["The role of the gut and microbes in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Asquith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Elewaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7402","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome","volume":"486","author":"Human Microbiome Project C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513488119","article-title":"Microbial geography of the oral cavity","volume":"92","author":"Simon-Soro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Res"},{"issue":"7484","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7346","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09944","article-title":"Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome","volume":"473","author":"Arumugam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202135","article-title":"Microscopic gut inflammation in axial spondyloarthritis: a multiparametric predictive model","volume":"72","author":"Van Praet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120321","article-title":"Incidence of spondyloarthropathy in patients with Crohn's disease: a population-based study","volume":"39","author":"Shivashankar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.001","article-title":"Kingdom-agnostic metagenomics and the importance of complete characterization of enteric microbial communities","volume":"146","author":"Norman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib8","first-page":"2279","article-title":"The evolution of spondyloarthropathies in relation to gut histology. III. Relation between gut and joint","volume":"22","author":"Mielants","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203854","article-title":"Degree of bone marrow oedema in sacroiliac joints of patients with axial spondyloarthritis is linked to gut inflammation and male sex: results from the GIANT cohort","volume":"73","author":"Van Praet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70039-9","article-title":"Prognosis, course of disease, and treatment of the spondyloarthropathies","volume":"24","author":"Leirisalo-Repo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6113","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6113.605","article-title":"Role of Chlamydia trachomatis and HLA-B27 in sexually acquired reactive arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Keat","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90804-E","article-title":"Salmonella lipopolysaccharide in synovial cells from patients with reactive arthritis","volume":"335","author":"Granfors","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.2.87","article-title":"Bacterial antigens in synovial biopsy specimens in Yersinia triggered reactive arthritis","volume":"50","author":"Merilahti-Palo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5749","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/283782a0","article-title":"A\u00a0factor(s) in Klebsiella culture filtrates specifically modifies an HLA-B27 associated cell-surface component","volume":"283","author":"Geczy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0488-7","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis is linked to Klebsiella \u2013 the evidence","volume":"26","author":"Rashid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6160","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6160.383","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae and acute anterior uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"1","author":"Ebringer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib17","first-page":"607","article-title":"Identification of HLA-B27M1 and -M2 cross-reactive antigens in Klebsiella, Shigella and Yersinia","volume":"52","author":"van Bohemen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"6A","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90385-3","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between human leukocyte antigen B27 and Klebsiella. Consequences for spondyloarthropathies","volume":"85","author":"Schwimmbeck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9330","article-title":"A\u00a0hypothesis for the HLA-B27 immune dysregulation in spondyloarthropathy: contributions from enteric organisms, B27 structure, peptides bound by B27, and convergent evolution","volume":"90","author":"Scofield","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34093","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034093","article-title":"HLA-B27 modulates intracellular growth of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 mutants and production of cytokines in infected monocytic U937 cells","volume":"7","author":"Ge","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1971-3_125","article-title":"Defective dendritic cell (DC) function in a HLA-B27 transgenic rat model of spondyloarthropathy (SpA)","volume":"378","author":"Stagg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0298-6_18","article-title":"Animal models of spondyloarthritis","volume":"649","author":"Taurog","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.3.370","article-title":"Lactobacillus GG prevents recurrence of colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats after antibiotic treatment","volume":"52","author":"Dieleman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.013","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease as a model for translating the microbiome","volume":"40","author":"Huttenhower","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.04.022","article-title":"NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis","volume":"145","author":"Elinav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200503","article-title":"New bacterial species associated with chronic periodontitis","volume":"82","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01202","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202","article-title":"Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Scher","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.12.1395","article-title":"Comparison of the faecal microflora of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and controls using molecular methods of analysis","volume":"41","author":"Stebbings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2005.01811.x","article-title":"PCR\/DGGE and 16S rRNA gene library analysis of the colonic microbiota of HLA-B27\/beta2-microglobulin transgenic rats","volume":"42","author":"McBurney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105684","article-title":"HLA-B27 and human beta2-microglobulin affect the gut microbiota of transgenic rats","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706625104","article-title":"Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"104","author":"Frank","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34355","article-title":"Interleukin-22 and interleukin-22-producing NKp44+ natural killer cells in subclinical gut inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"64","author":"Ciccia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.04.020","article-title":"Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection","volume":"131","author":"Van der Sluis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000017462.75257.70","article-title":"The chronic colitis developed by HLA-B27 transgenic rats is associated with altered in\u00a0vivo mucin synthesis","volume":"49","author":"Faure","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6157","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237910","article-title":"Mucus enhances gut homeostasis and oral tolerance by delivering immunoregulatory signals","volume":"342","author":"Shan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.028837","article-title":"CARD15 gene polymorphisms in patients with spondyloarthropathies identify a specific phenotype previously related to Crohn's disease","volume":"64","author":"Laukens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38318","article-title":"Reverse interferon signature is characteristic of antigen-presenting cells in human and rat spondyloarthritis","volume":"66","author":"Fert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872632","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/872632","article-title":"The link between ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, Klebsiella, and starch consumption","volume":"2013","author":"Rashid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.6.493","article-title":"Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA levels in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"32","author":"Veys","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.6.579","article-title":"Histopathology of the synovial membrane of peripheral joints in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"41","author":"Revell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-006-0048-x","article-title":"IgA and IgA-specific receptors in human disease: structural and functional insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic potential","volume":"28","author":"Gomes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.4.394","article-title":"Histopathology of intestinal inflammation related to reactive arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Cuvelier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.3.211","article-title":"Subclinical gut inflammation in spondyloarthropathy patients is associated with upregulation of the E-cadherin\/catenin complex","volume":"59","author":"Demetter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5239","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5239.1203","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin","volume":"270","author":"Hermiston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib45","first-page":"394","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal permeability in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. II. Role of disease","volume":"18","author":"Mielants","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35182-1","article-title":"Repeated measurement of intestinal permeability as an assessment of colitis severity in HLA-B27 transgenic rats","volume":"291","author":"Kerr","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib47","first-page":"128","article-title":"Bowel permeability and CD45RO expression on circulating CD20+ B cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and their relatives","volume":"26","author":"Vaile","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304909","article-title":"AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition","volume":"63","author":"Chassaing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2010.17","article-title":"Elucidating the chromosome 9 association with AS; CARD9 is a candidate gene","volume":"11","author":"Pointon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2888","article-title":"Rad50-CARD9 interactions link cytosolic DNA sensing to IL-1beta production","volume":"15","author":"Roth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.05.047","article-title":"Card9 mediates intestinal epithelial cell restitution, T-helper 17 responses, and control of bacterial infection in mice","volume":"145","author":"Sokol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38638","article-title":"Interleukin-23 mediates the intestinal response to microbial beta-1,3-glucan and the development of spondyloarthritis pathology in SKG mice","volume":"66","author":"Benham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203643","article-title":"Proof of concept: enthesitis and new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are driven by mechanical strain and stromal cells","volume":"73","author":"Jacques","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.170019","article-title":"Monitoring disease activity by stool analyses: from occult blood to molecular markers of intestinal inflammation and damage","volume":"58","author":"Foell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202925","article-title":"Evidence that autophagy, but not the unfolded protein response, regulates the expression of IL-23 in the gut of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and subclinical gut inflammation","volume":"73","author":"Ciccia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.05.004","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial autophagy is essential for host defense against invasive bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Benjamin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0377-5","article-title":"The unfolded protein response and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"35","author":"Kaser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.07.013","article-title":"HLA-B27 misfolding and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"57","author":"Colbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80038-2","article-title":"Impaired on\/off regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU-rich elements: implications for joint and gut-associated immunopathologies","volume":"10","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1044","article-title":"Macrophages expressing the scavenger receptor CD163: a link between immune alterations of the gut and synovial inflammation in spondyloarthropathy","volume":"196","author":"Baeten","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.137","article-title":"Dual binding capacity of mucosal immunoblasts to mucosal and synovial endothelium in humans: dissection of the molecular mechanisms","volume":"181","author":"Salmi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.24","article-title":"Joint expedition: linking gut inflammation to arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Jacques","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250602","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced expression of the mucosa-related integrin alpha E on lymphocytes is not associated with mucosa-specific homing","volume":"25","author":"Austrup","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749009096790","article-title":"Salmonella-reactive synovial fluid T-cell clones in a patient with post-infectious Salmonella arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Hermann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.2.385","article-title":"Multiclonal synovial T cell response to Yersinia enterocolitica in reactive arthritis: the Yersinia 61-kDa heat-shock protein is not the major target antigen","volume":"167","author":"Probst","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38291","article-title":"Review: the interleukin-23\/interleukin-17 axis in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis: Th17 and beyond","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2817","article-title":"IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-gammat+ CD3+CD4-CD8- entheseal resident T cells","volume":"18","author":"Sherlock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82588","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082588","article-title":"Consumption of Lactobacillus casei fermented milk prevents Salmonella reactive arthritis by modulating IL-23\/IL-17 expression","volume":"8","author":"Noto Llana","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.03.005","article-title":"Segmented filamentous bacteria antigens presented by intestinal dendritic cells drive mucosal th17 cell differentiation","volume":"40","author":"Goto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.06.001","article-title":"Gut-residing segmented filamentous bacteria drive autoimmune arthritis via T helper 17 cells","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405634111","article-title":"Endoscopic photoconversion reveals unexpectedly broad leukocyte trafficking to and from the gut","volume":"111","author":"Morton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24389","article-title":"Overexpression of interleukin-23, but not interleukin-17, as an immunologic signature of subclinical intestinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"60","author":"Ciccia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.154013","article-title":"Potential involvement of IL-22 and IL-22-producing cells in the inflamed salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Ciccia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00870-07","article-title":"Direct binding of human NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 to the surfaces of mycobacteria and other bacteria","volume":"76","author":"Esin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6086","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222551","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells promote anatomical containment of lymphoid-resident commensal bacteria","volume":"336","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6202","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254009","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254009","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells regulate intestinal epithelial cell glycosylation","volume":"345","author":"Goto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003698","article-title":"IL-22 mediates goblet cell hyperplasia and worm expulsion in intestinal helminth infection","volume":"9","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.06.002","article-title":"Lymphotoxin controls the IL-22 protection pathway in gut innate lymphoid cells during mucosal pathogen challenge","volume":"10","author":"Tumanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"7452","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12240","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells regulate CD4+ T-cell responses to intestinal commensal bacteria","volume":"498","author":"Hepworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6178","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249288","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent crosstalk between macrophages and ILC3 promotes intestinal homeostasis","volume":"343","author":"Mortha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.013","article-title":"RORgammat(+) innate lymphoid cells acquire a proinflammatory program upon engagement of the activating receptor NKp44","volume":"38","author":"Glatzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7293","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08949","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells drive interleukin-23-dependent innate intestinal pathology","volume":"464","author":"Buonocore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27324","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells are natural regulators of murine spondylarthritis","volume":"62","author":"Jacques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7501","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13150","article-title":"Protective mucosal immunity mediated by epithelial CD1d and IL-10","volume":"509","author":"Olszak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00453-3","article-title":"Oxazolone colitis, a Th2 colitis model resembling ulcerative colitis, is mediated by IL-13-producing NK-T cells","volume":"17","author":"Heller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33507","article-title":"Enrichment of circulating interleukin-17-secreting interleukin-23 receptor-positive gamma\/delta T cells in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"64","author":"Kenna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.67","article-title":"Tregs are dysfunctional in\u00a0vivo in a spontaneous murine model of Crohn's disease","volume":"6","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R335","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1192","article-title":"CD25brightCD4+ regulatory T cells are enriched in inflamed joints of patients with chronic rheumatic disease","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909122107","article-title":"Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota","volume":"107","author":"Round","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6015","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198469","article-title":"Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species","volume":"331","author":"Atarashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38737","article-title":"Increased production of interleukin-17 over interleukin-10 by treg cells implicates inducible costimulator molecule in experimental spondyloarthritis","volume":"66","author":"Araujo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib92","first-page":"1964","article-title":"Lactobacillus GG bacteria ameliorate arthritis in Lewis rats","volume":"134","author":"Baharav","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50959","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207050200","article-title":"Probiotic bacterium prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"277","author":"Yan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27224","article-title":"Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function","volume":"121","author":"Madsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100193","article-title":"Probiotic therapy for the treatment of spondyloarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Jenks","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-4","article-title":"Internet-based randomised controlled trials for the evaluation of complementary and alternative medicines: probiotics in spondyloarthropathy","volume":"9","author":"Brophy","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000183421.02316.d5","article-title":"Reduction of colitis by prebiotics in HLA-B27 transgenic rats is associated with microflora changes and immunomodulation","volume":"11","author":"Hoentjen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509990936","article-title":"Reduction of colonic inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic rats by feeding Marie Menard apples, rich in polyphenols","volume":"102","author":"Castagnini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121192","article-title":"Antibiotics for treatment of reactive arthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"40","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205037","article-title":"Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile","volume":"368","author":"van Nood","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5498","article-title":"A\u00a0highly abundant bacteriophage discovered in the unknown sequences of human faecal metagenomes","volume":"5","author":"Dutilh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.012","article-title":"Mining the human gut microbiota for effector strains that shape the immune system","volume":"40","author":"Ahern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694214001004?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694214001004?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1747163008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694214001004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694214001004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of the gut and microbes in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}