{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:05:00Z","timestamp":1790697900274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\u201301378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\u201301378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006129","name":"Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Heart and Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T23:49:10Z","timestamp":1657151350000},"page":"101767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Autoantibodies: Pathogenic or epiphenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Angeles S.","family":"Galindo-Feria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid E.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02102.x","article-title":"Autoantigens in systemic autoimmunity: critical partner in pathogenesis","volume":"265","author":"Rosen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60641-0","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies: diagnostic markers for autoimmune diseases and probes for cell biology","volume":"44","author":"Tan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612033454379","article-title":"Antibody penetration into living cells: pathogenic, preventive and immuno-therapeutic implications","volume":"9","author":"Ruiz-Arguelles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208093","article-title":"Identification of a novel chemokine-dependent molecular mechanism underlying rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantibody-mediated bone loss","volume":"75","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of the rheumatic diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90677-6","article-title":"Polymyositis and interstitial lung disease in a patient with anti-Jo1 prototype","volume":"76","author":"Wasicek","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116S","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1993.34","article-title":"Humoral immunity in polymyositis\/dermatomyositis","volume":"100","author":"Targoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.2.116","article-title":"Autoantibody profiles in the sera of European patients with myositis","volume":"60","author":"Brouwer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201800","article-title":"Patients with non-Jo-1 anti-tRNA-synthetase autoantibodies have worse survival than Jo-1 positive patients","volume":"73","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the rheumatic diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s13317-014-0060-4","article-title":"Myositis autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes","volume":"5","author":"Ghirardello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auto Immun Highlights"},{"issue":"282","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib10","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Polymyositis, pulmonary fibrosis and autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes","volume":"77","author":"Marguerie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0180","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease associated with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: what progress has been made in the past 35 years?","volume":"138","author":"Connors","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1144","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001144","article-title":"Clinical spectrum time course in anti jo-1 positive antisynthetase syndrome: results from an international retrospective multicenter study","volume":"94","author":"Cavagna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex021","article-title":"A\u00a0longitudinal cohort study of the anti-synthetase syndrome: increased severity of interstitial lung disease in black patients and patients with anti-PL7 and anti-PL12 autoantibodies","volume":"56","author":"Pinal-Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib14","first-page":"73","article-title":"Autoantigenic properties indicated for the entire aminoacyl tRNA synthetase family in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [abstract]","volume":"2021","author":"Preger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199111000-00002","article-title":"A\u00a0new approach to the classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: myositis-specific autoantibodies define useful homogeneous patient groups","volume":"70","author":"Love","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.56","article-title":"Autoantibodies in myositis","volume":"14","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01399-5","article-title":"Clinical features of anti-synthetase syndrome associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective cohort in China","volume":"21","author":"Zhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060442","article-title":"Common and distinct clinical features in adult patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies: heterogeneity within the syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.06.006","article-title":"Hierarchical cluster and survival analyses of antisynthetase syndrome: phenotype and outcome are correlated with anti-tRNA synthetase antibody specificity","volume":"12","author":"Hervier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib20","article-title":"Anti-aminoacyl transfer-RNA-synthetases (anti-tRNA) autoantibodies associated with interstitial lung disease: pulmonary disease progression has a persistent elevation of the Th17 cytokine profile","volume":"9","author":"Ramos-Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.01.008","article-title":"Clinical follow-up predictors of disease pattern change in anti-Jo1 positive anti-synthetase syndrome: results from a multicenter, international and retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"Bartoloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0249-3","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in adult polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"14","author":"Marie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24631","article-title":"Characterization and peripheral blood biomarker assessment of anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease","volume":"60","author":"Richards","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.01.006","article-title":"Comparison of long-term outcome between anti-Jo1- and anti-PL7\/PL12 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Marie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.09.008","article-title":"Short-term and long-term outcome of anti-Jo1-positive patients with anti-Ro52 antibody","volume":"41","author":"Marie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2016.09.006","article-title":"Predictive factors for long-term outcome in polymyositis\/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung diseases","volume":"55","author":"Fujisawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib27","article-title":"Influence of antisynthetase antibodies specificities on antisynthetase syndrome clinical spectrum time course","volume":"8","author":"Cavagna","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3258-1","article-title":"Heterogeneous clinical spectrum of interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-EJ anti-synthetase syndrome: a case series","volume":"35","author":"Giannini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622320968417","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease is a major characteristic of anti-KS associated ant-synthetase syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib30","article-title":"Prevalence of novel myositis autoantibodies in a large cohort of patients with interstitial lung disease","volume":"9","author":"Moll","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2019.10.005","article-title":"239th ENMC international workshop: classification of dermatomyositis, amsterdam, The Netherlands, 14-16 December 2018","volume":"30","author":"Mammen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2020.3750","article-title":"Anti-Mi-2 antibodies characterize a distinct clinical subset of dermatomyositis with favourable prognosis","volume":"30","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04503-7","article-title":"The spectrum and clinical significance of myositis-specific autoantibodies in Chinese patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40491","article-title":"Differential clinical associations of anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 autoantibodies in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1469-8","article-title":"Identification of multiple cancer-associated myositis-specific autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a large longitudinal cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis research & therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2323-y","article-title":"Anti-MDA5 antibody is associated with A\/SIP and decreased T cells in peripheral blood and predicts poor prognosis of ILD in Chinese patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21985","article-title":"Utility of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody measurement in identifying patients with dermatomyositis and a high risk for developing rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease: a review of the literature and a meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.5774","article-title":"Radiological and pathological correlation in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease: rapidly progressive perilobular opacities and diffuse alveolar damage","volume":"55","author":"Chino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11247","article-title":"A\u00a0north American cohort of anti-SAE dermatomyositis: clinical phenotype, testing, and review of cases","volume":"3","author":"Albayda","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00240-6","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of anti-SAE antibodies in Chinese patients with dermatomyositis in comparison with different patient cohorts","volume":"7","author":"Ge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3091","article-title":"Use of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor-1 gamma autoantibody in identifying adult dermatomyositis patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Best","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00992","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies: a window on autoimmunity and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Aussy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2019.09.014","article-title":"Malignancy and myositis, from molecular mimicry to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"29","author":"Selva-O'Callaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex413","article-title":"Tumour TIF1 mutations and loss of heterozygosity related to cancer-associated myositis","volume":"57","author":"Pinal-Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313166","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy","volume":"87","author":"Watanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00515-9","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Allenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1452353","article-title":"Myositis-specific autoantibodies in Japanese patients with juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"29","author":"Ueki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.4.420","article-title":"Myopathy with antibodies to the signal recognition particle: clinical and pathological features","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11484","article-title":"Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody in patients with and patients without idiopathic inflammatory myopathy","volume":"50","author":"Kao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22920","article-title":"Longitudinal course of disease in a large cohort of myositis patients with autoantibodies recognizing the signal recognition particle","volume":"69","author":"Pinal-Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0277-y","article-title":"Inflammatory myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: case series of 100 patients","volume":"10","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0732-6","article-title":"Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"20","author":"Pinal-Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27572","article-title":"A\u00a0novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy","volume":"62","author":"Christopher-Stine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30156","article-title":"Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"63","author":"Mammen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000028","article-title":"Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in European patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathies: inconstant exposure to statin","volume":"93","author":"Allenbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23113","article-title":"Association of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase autoantibodies with DRB1\u221707:01 and severe myositis in juvenile myositis patients","volume":"69","author":"Kishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24541","article-title":"Clinical and genetic associations of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme a reductase in patients with immune-mediated myositis and necrotizing myopathy","volume":"52","author":"Limaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21671","article-title":"Increased frequency of DRB1\u221711:01 in anti-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"64","author":"Mammen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200804077","article-title":"Identification of FHL1 as a regulator of skeletal muscle mass: implications for human myopathy","volume":"183","author":"Cowling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib60","first-page":"2269","article-title":"FHL1 mutants that cause clinically distinct human myopathies form protein aggregates and impair myoblast differentiation","volume":"127","author":"Wilding","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81031","article-title":"Development of autoantibodies against muscle-specific FHL1 in severe inflammatory myopathies","volume":"125","author":"Albrecht","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib62","article-title":"Detection of autoantibodies against muscle-specific four-and-a-half-LIM domain 1 (FHL1) in inflammatory myopathies: results from a single-center cohort [abstract]","volume":"73","author":"Galindo-Feria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020266","article-title":"Autoantibodies against a 43 KDa muscle protein in inclusion body myositis","volume":"6","author":"Salajegheh","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23840","article-title":"Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A autoimmunity in sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"73","author":"Larman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.03.018","article-title":"Knockdown of cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II (cN-II) reveals that its activity is essential for survival in astrocytoma cells","volume":"1783","author":"Careddu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210282","article-title":"Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A autoantibody profile and clinical characteristics in inclusion body myositis","volume":"76","author":"Lilleker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of the rheumatic diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206691","article-title":"Disease specificity of autoantibodies to cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A in sporadic inclusion body myositis versus known autoimmune diseases","volume":"75","author":"Herbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of the rheumatic diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310008","article-title":"Seropositivity for NT5c1A antibody in sporadic inclusion body myositis predicts more severe motor, bulbar and respiratory involvement","volume":"87","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051146","article-title":"Anti-cN1A antibodies are associated with more severe dysphagia in sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"10","author":"Lucchini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2018.06.005","article-title":"Sensitivity and clinical utility of the anti-cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A (cN1A) antibody test in sporadic inclusion body myositis: report of 40 patients from a single neuromuscular center","volume":"28","author":"Felice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27157","article-title":"Anti-cN1A antibodies do not correlate with specific clinical, electromyographic, or pathological findings in sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"63","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez406","article-title":"Identification of a novel autoantigen eukaryotic initiation factor 3 associated with polymyositis","volume":"59","author":"Betteridge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277841","article-title":"eIF3f depletion impedes mouse embryonic development, reduces adult skeletal muscle mass and amplifies muscle loss during disuse","volume":"597","author":"Docquier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev444","article-title":"Autoantibody levels in myositis patients correlate with clinical response during B cell depletion with rituximab","volume":"55","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14882","article-title":"Antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody level is a novel tool for monitoring disease activity in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with dermatomyositis","volume":"176","author":"Matsushita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker408","article-title":"Disappearance of anti-MDA-5 autoantibodies in clinically amyopathic DM\/interstitial lung disease during disease remission","volume":"51","author":"Muro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2018.07.007","article-title":"Low positive titer of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody is not associated with a poor long-term outcome of interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"56","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30344","article-title":"Correlation of anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody levels with creatine kinase activity in patients with necrotizing myopathy","volume":"63","author":"Benveniste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141616","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antibodies in Chinese patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34673","article-title":"Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy","volume":"64","author":"Werner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041367","article-title":"Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy","volume":"201","author":"Casciola-Rosen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3784","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24977","article-title":"Expression of the dermatomyositis autoantigen Mi-2 in regenerating muscle","volume":"60","author":"Mammen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38863","article-title":"Expression of the dermatomyositis autoantigen transcription intermediary factor 1gamma in regenerating muscle","volume":"67","author":"Mohassel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22790","article-title":"Novel conformation of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase in the lung: the target tissue in Jo-1 autoantibody-associated myositis","volume":"56","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020186","article-title":"Histidyl-tRNA synthetase and asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, autoantigens in myositis, activate chemokine receptors on T lymphocytes and immature dendritic cells","volume":"196","author":"Howard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41075","article-title":"Proinflammatory histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase-specific CD4+ T cells in the blood and lungs of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"72","author":"Galindo-Feria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9933","article-title":"The role of an autoantigen, histidyl-tRNA synthetase, in the induction and maintenance of autoimmunity","volume":"87","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1997.8.12-1469","article-title":"Myositis induced by naked DNA immunization with the gene for histidyl-tRNA synthetase","volume":"8","author":"Blechynden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.07.005","article-title":"Species-specific immune responses generated by histidyl-tRNA synthetase immunization are associated with muscle and lung inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Katsumata","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0331-0","article-title":"Serum-circulating His-tRNA synthetase inhibits organ-targeted immune responses","volume":"18","author":"Adams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30113","article-title":"Role of innate immunity in a murine model of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (Jo-1)-mediated myositis","volume":"63","author":"Soejima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41078","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in tissue and periphery in juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"72","author":"Duvvuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3799-y","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps may contribute to interstitial lung disease associated with anti-MDA5 autoantibody positive dermatomyositis","volume":"37","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134189","article-title":"Neutrophil dysregulation is pathogenic in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"5","author":"Seto","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e507","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004923","article-title":"Necrosis in anti-SRP(+) and anti-HMGCR(+)myopathies: role of autoantibodies and complement","volume":"90","author":"Allenbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24902","article-title":"Pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in necrotizing myopathies: myofiber atrophy and impairment of muscle regeneration in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies","volume":"81","author":"Arouche-Delaperche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213518","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy","volume":"78","author":"Bergua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of the rheumatic diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24919","article-title":"Pathomechanisms of anti-cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A autoantibodies in sporadic inclusion body myositis","volume":"81","author":"Tawara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694222000262?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694222000262?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T17:21:31Z","timestamp":1761499291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694222000262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694222000262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Autoantibodies: Pathogenic or epiphenomenon","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101767","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101767"}}