{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:11:03Z","timestamp":1791958263786,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018955","name":"Leeds Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006260","name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020853","name":"Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T09:45:18Z","timestamp":1700905518000},"page":"101875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Impact of sex and gender on axSpA diagnosis and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Samantha O.","family":"Kohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeera","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Graef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Marzo-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-2450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean W.","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-26-2-240","article-title":"Rheumatoid spondylitis: a study of 1,035 cases","volume":"26","author":"Polley","year":"1947","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.8.2.143","article-title":"Aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"8","author":"West","year":"1949","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/1740-9713.01614","article-title":"Towards statistical best practices for gender and Sex Data","volume":"19","author":"Thornton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Significance"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131293","article-title":"General practitioners\u2019 perceptions of their ability to identify and refer patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis: a qualitative study","volume":"41","author":"van Onna","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.05.005","article-title":"Understanding differences between men and women with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"50","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38738","article-title":"Agreement between clinical practice and trained central reading in reading of sacroiliac joints on plain pelvic radiographs: results from the Desir cohort","volume":"66","author":"van den Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.6.519","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of Sacroiliitis by radiologists and rheumatologists: does training improve quality?","volume":"62","author":"van Tubergen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108217","article-title":"The development of assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for Axial Spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal","volume":"68","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.015","article-title":"The classification and diagnostic criteria of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"48\u201349","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez026","article-title":"Measuring spinal mobility in early axial spondyloarthritis: does it matter?","volume":"58","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33503","article-title":"The prevalence of HLA-B27 in the US: data from the US national health and nutrition examination survey, 2009","volume":"64","author":"Reveille","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e547","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001575","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Walsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-019-00172-9","article-title":"Comparative disease burden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or axial spondyloarthritis: data from two Corrona registries","volume":"6","author":"Mease","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000180","article-title":"Referral patterns, diagnosis, and disease management of patients with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"20","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160825","article-title":"Understanding how the diagnostic delay of spondyloarthritis differs between women and men: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"44","author":"Jovan\u00ed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib16","series-title":"Gradual progressive change to equal prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis among males and females in Switzerland: data from the Swiss ankylosing spondylitis society (SVMB)","author":"Baumberger","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37803","article-title":"Review: nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: new definition of an old disease?","volume":"65","author":"Sieper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab199","article-title":"Are we missing lupus in males? Evidence of cognitive bias from a randomized experiment in the United States","volume":"191","author":"Simard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05558-7","article-title":"Gender differences in patient journey to diagnosis and disease outcomes: results from the European Map of Axial spondyloarthritis (EMAS)","volume":"40","author":"Garrido-Cumbrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1719-0","article-title":"Recently diagnosed axial spondyloarthritis: gender differences and factors related to delay in diagnosis","volume":"30","author":"Slobodin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2021.2007609","article-title":"Worse scores but similar patterns of disease activity: interpreting outcomes in women with axial spondyloarthropathy","volume":"52","author":"Maguire","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25048","article-title":"Female sex, age, and unfavorable response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results of statistical and artificial intelligence\u2013based data analyses of a national multicenter prospective registry","volume":"75","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Carballido","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib23","first-page":"42","article-title":"Sex differences in axial spondyloarthritis: data from a Portuguese spondyloarthritis cohort","volume":"1","author":"Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"ARP Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2012-x","article-title":"The impact of sex and disease classification on patient-reported outcome measures in axial spondyloarthritis: a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Andreasen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.11.003","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 positivity and the need for biologic therapies","volume":"74","author":"Freeston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.147744","article-title":"Predicting the outcome of ankylosing spondylitis therapy","volume":"70","author":"Vastesaeger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1724-7","article-title":"Influence of HLA-B27 on the ankylosing spondylitis phenotype: results from the REGISPONSER database","volume":"20","author":"Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac282","article-title":"Anatomical variation of the sacroiliac joint carries an increased risk for erosion and bone marrow oedema in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"62","author":"Ziegeler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab318","article-title":"Joint anatomy in axial spondyloarthritis: strong associations between sacroiliac joint form variation and symptomatic disease","volume":"61","author":"Ziegeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25103","article-title":"Influence of sex on early axial spondyloarthritis: a six-year longitudinal analysis from a large national cohort","author":"Aouad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relationship between sex and clinical and imaging features of early axial spondyloarthritis: results from a 48 month follow-up (Italian arm of the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early (SPACE) study)","author":"Lorenzin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab099","article-title":"Data-driven definitions for active and structural MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joint in spondyloarthritis and their predictive utility","volume":"60","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01030-w","article-title":"Imaging in axial spondyloarthritis: what is relevant for diagnosis in daily practice?","volume":"23","author":"Weber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1784","article-title":"New perspectives in axial spondyloarthritis - first results of gender-specific assessment of MRI imaging criteria [abstract]","volume":"81","author":"Ulas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06228-6","article-title":"The impact of gender and sex on diagnosis, treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"41","author":"Marzo-Ortega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205751","article-title":"Challenges to conquer from the gender perspective in medicine: the case of spondyloarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Jovani","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01599-2","article-title":"Patient perspectives on health care provider practices leading to an axial spondyloarthritis diagnosis: an exploratory qualitative research study","volume":"22","author":"Lapane","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06100-7","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Hay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00194-8","article-title":"Clinical, economic, and humanistic burden associated with delayed diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00833-0","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the prevalence, manifestation and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Stovall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep393","article-title":"Clinical relevance of C-reactive protein in ankylosing spondylitis and evaluation of the NSAIDs\/coxibs\u2019 treatment effect on C-reactive protein","volume":"49","author":"Benhamou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib42","first-page":"CD010952","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis)","volume":"2015","author":"Kroon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41042","article-title":"2019 update of the American College of Rheumatology\/Spondylitis Association of America\/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"71","author":"Ward","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223296","article-title":"ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update","volume":"82","author":"Ramiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.016386","article-title":"Prediction of a major clinical response (BASDAI 50) to tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 blockers in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"63","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib46","article-title":"Optimal biologic drugs for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: results from a network meta-analysis and network metaregression","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib47","first-page":"CD005468","article-title":"TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201766","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1)","volume":"72","author":"Sieper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38721","article-title":"Symptomatic efficacy of etanercept and its effects on objective signs of inflammation in early nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Dougados","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39257","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sixteen-week study of subcutaneous golimumab in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Sieper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew230","article-title":"Partial remission in ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in treatment with infliximab plus naproxen or naproxen alone: associations between partial remission and baseline disease characteristics","volume":"55","author":"Sieper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex174","article-title":"Sustained efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of certolizumab pegol in axial spondyloarthritis: 4-year outcomes from RAPID-axSpA","volume":"56","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244788","article-title":"Impact of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 inhibitors on MRI inflammation in axial spondyloarthritis assessed by Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium Canada score: a Meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.622770","article-title":"Clinical trials supporting the role of the IL-17\/IL-23 axis in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Ceribelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223595","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in axial spondyloarthritis: results of two parallel phase 3 randomised controlled trials","volume":"82","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02613-9","article-title":"Secukinumab in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: subgroup analysis based on key baseline characteristics from a randomized phase III study, PREVENT","volume":"23","author":"Braun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002514","article-title":"Does gender influence outcome measures similarly in patients with spondyloarthritis? Results from the ASAS-perSpA study","volume":"8","author":"Benavent","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00417-6","article-title":"Patient perspectives on biologics for axial spondyloarthritis in a cross-sectional study in a predominantly female population: treatment satisfaction, wear-off between doses, and use of supplemental medication","volume":"9","author":"Nowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200967","article-title":"Reviewing disease activity indices in spondyloarthritis from the sex perspective: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"48","author":"Blasco-Blasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1581-5","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis in women: differences in disease onset, clinical presentation, and bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity and functional indices (BASDAI and BASFI) between men and women with spondyloarthritides","volume":"30","author":"Roussou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04680-8","article-title":"Clinical performance of ASAS Health Index in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: real-world evidence from Multicenter Nationwide Registry","volume":"40","author":"Akgul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.201549","article-title":"Comparison of men and women with axial spondyloarthritis in the US-based corrona psoriatic arthritis\/spondyloarthritis registry","volume":"48","author":"Mease","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24426","article-title":"Patient-reported impact of axial spondyloarthritis on working life: results from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis Survey","volume":"73","author":"Garrido-Cumbrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02800-w","article-title":"Gender differences in factors associated with low quality of life and depression in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"30","author":"Nam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.151993","article-title":"What to expect when women with axial spondyloarthritis are expecting: prevalence of complications of pregnancies in women with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Maguire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.08.011","article-title":"Pregnancy in axial spondyloarthropathy: a systematic review & meta-analysis. [published correction appears in Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021 Dec;51(6):1389]","volume":"50","author":"Maguire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101174","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy on ankylosing spondylitis: a case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Lui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1089432","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"29","author":"Timur","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1269-1","article-title":"Risk factors for flare and treatment of disease flares during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients","volume":"19","author":"van den Brandt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key047","article-title":"Disease activity during and after pregnancy in women with axial spondyloarthritis: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"57","author":"Ursin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002445","article-title":"Risk of pre-eclampsia and impact of disease activity and antirheumatic treatment in women with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondylarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a collaborative matched cohort study from Sweden and Denmark","volume":"8","author":"Secher","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001695","article-title":"Long-term retention rate of golimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondyloarthritis in a real-life setting","volume":"28","author":"Serrano-Benavente","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2021.1967046","article-title":"Disease activity in women with ankylosing spondylitis remains higher under Tumour Necrosis Factor inhibitor treatment than in men: a five-year observational study","volume":"51","author":"Rusman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152081","article-title":"Predictors of ASDAS-CRP inactive disease in axial spondyloarthritis during treatment with TNF-inhibitors: data from the EUROSpA collaboration","volume":"56","author":"\u00d8rnbjerg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/26823","article-title":"Predicting biologic therapy outcome of patients with spondyloarthritis: joint models for longitudinal and survival analysis","volume":"9","author":"Barata","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1873-3","article-title":"Withdrawal of infliximab therapy in ankylosing spondylitis in persistent clinical remission, results from the REMINEA study","volume":"21","author":"Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.04.005","article-title":"Switching tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"47","author":"Deodhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-023-00295-2","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of secukinumab in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: a 52-week real-life study in an Italian cohort","volume":"63","author":"Colella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5795","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab070","article-title":"Similar biologic drug response regardless of radiographic status in axial spondyloarthritis: data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register in Ankylosing Spondylitis registry","volume":"60","author":"Michelena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex differences in adverse drug reactions from adalimumab and etanercept in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases","author":"Gosselt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expet Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2394","article-title":"The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses","volume":"8","author":"Fish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170094","article-title":"Fat mass lowers the response to tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 blockers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"44","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Vodnizza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2217\/WHE.10.24","article-title":"Immunosuppressive medications during pregnancy and lactation in women with autoimmune diseases","volume":"6","author":"Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wom Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000054","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis before and during pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Bermas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1957","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction","volume":"8","author":"\u00d8stensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23924","article-title":"Birth outcomes and disease activity during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of women with psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065189","article-title":"Comanagement with rheumatology and prescription biologics filled during pregnancy in women with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective analysis of US administrative claims data","volume":"12","author":"Shridharmurthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003755","article-title":"Rheumatologic medication use during pregnancy","volume":"135","author":"Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X14551568","article-title":"Use of DMARDs and biologics during pregnancy and lactation in rheumatoid arthritis: what the rheumatologist needs to know","volume":"6","author":"Krause","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.021","article-title":"Biologics for inflammatory bowel disease and their safety in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40508","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to certolizumab Pegol: updated results from a pharmacovigilance safety database","volume":"70","author":"Clowse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212196","article-title":"Lack of placental transfer of certolizumab pegol during pregnancy: results from CRIB, a prospective, postmarketing, pharmacokinetic study","volume":"77","author":"Mariette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2016.12.003","article-title":"Update on biologic safety for patients with psoriasis during pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Porter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211384","article-title":"Minimal to no transfer of certolizumab pegol into breast milk: results from CRADLE, a prospective, postmarketing, multicentre, pharmacokinetic study","volume":"76","author":"Clowse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16901","article-title":"Secukinumab in pregnancy: outcomes in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis from the global safety database","volume":"179","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152198","article-title":"Sex differences in cardiovascular and disease-related features in axial spondyloarthritis. A Multicenter Study of 912 patients","volume":"60","author":"Ferraz-Amaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6","article-title":"The prevalence of depression in axial spondyloarthritis and its association with disease activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.12.001","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151191","article-title":"Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity","volume":"70","author":"Bakland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152078","article-title":"Predictors of remission in people with axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic literature review","volume":"56","author":"Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-022-00428-x","article-title":"Employment, work productivity, and biologic treatments in self-reported axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study in a female predominant population from the ArthritisPower Registry","volume":"9","author":"Gavigan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab369","article-title":"Identifying parameters associated with delayed diagnosis in axial spondyloarthritis: data from the European map of axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"61","author":"Garrido-Cumbrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13123","article-title":"Gender differences in ankylosing spondylitis patients with advanced hip involvement: results from a matched retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.06.007","article-title":"Which factors explain the patient global assessment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis? A hierarchical cluster analysis on REGISPONSER-AS","volume":"51","author":"L\u00f3pez-Medina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12885","article-title":"Is there any gender-specific difference in the cut-off values of ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score in patients with axial spondyloarthritis?","volume":"20","author":"Kilic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13375","article-title":"Retention rates of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab as first- or second-line biotherapies for spondyloarthritis patients in daily practice in Auvergne (France)","volume":"21","author":"Soubrier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002802","article-title":"Factors associated with the retention of secukinumab in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in real-world practice: results from a retrospective study (FORSYA)","volume":"9","author":"Dougados","year":"2023","journal-title":"RMD Open"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169422300061X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169422300061X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T17:22:55Z","timestamp":1761499375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152169422300061X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S152169422300061X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of sex and gender on axSpA diagnosis and outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101875","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101875"}}