{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:53:24Z","timestamp":1793944404938,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T13:20:42Z","timestamp":1723468842000},"page":"101986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antiphospholipid syndrome in children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1680-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojca","family":"Zajc Avramovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadej","family":"Avcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib1","article-title":"International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop","volume":"42","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x","article-title":"International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)","volume":"4","author":"Miyakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42624","article-title":"The 2023 ACR\/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria","volume":"75","author":"Barbhaiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-211001","article-title":"European evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: the SHARE initiative","volume":"76","author":"Groot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1297171","article-title":"Impact of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies on risk of incident symptomatic thromboembolism in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kenet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00916-w","article-title":"Mechanisms of immunothrombosis and vasculopathy in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Knight","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib7","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"380","author":"Knight","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-378646","article-title":"The significance of autoantibodies against \u03b22-glycoprotein I","volume":"120","author":"de Groot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12865","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: antibodies to Domain 1 of \u03b22-glycoprotein 1 correctly classify patients at risk","volume":"13","author":"Pengo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39187","article-title":"Clinical characterization of antiphospholipid syndrome by detection of IgG antibodies against \u03b22 -glycoprotein i domain 1 and domain 4\/5: ratio of anti-domain 1 to anti-domain 4\/5 as a useful new biomarker for antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Andreoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.100610","article-title":"The role of beta-2-glycoprotein I in health and disease associating structure with function: more than just APS","volume":"39","author":"McDonnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib12","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies require beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) as cofactor","volume":"19","author":"Jones","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-1107","article-title":"beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent lupus anticoagulant highly correlates with thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Bas De Laat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood [Internet]"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4714","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-340232","article-title":"Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"118","author":"Pengo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003863","article-title":"Complement activity and complement regulatory gene mutations are associated with thrombosis in APS and CAPS","volume":"135","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib16","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil extracellular trap antibodies and impaired neutrophil extracellular trap degradation in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.11.027","article-title":"Endothelial and platelet microparticles in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"135","author":"Breen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.11.011","article-title":"Circulating microparticles in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: characterization and associations","volume":"135","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005171","article-title":"More about complement in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Timmermans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061240","article-title":"Non-criteria manifestations of juvenile antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Miyamae","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1520","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of symptomatic neonatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"135","author":"Grunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/985646","article-title":"IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies","volume":"2012","author":"Palmeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201167","article-title":"European registry of babies born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Mekinian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03674.x","article-title":"Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Pengo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2014.04.003","article-title":"De novo neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30129","article-title":"De novo antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in two infants","volume":"70","author":"Pines","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811435238","article-title":"A case of infantile de novo primary antiphospholipid syndrome revealed by a neonatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"27","author":"Merlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rego Sousa P., Figueira R., Vasconcellos R. Neonatal stroke associated with de novo antiphospholipid antibody and homozygous 1298C\/C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. BMJ Case Rep 2012:bcr201200645. Available from: 10.1136\/bcr-2012-006451.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-006451"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309106951","article-title":"European registry of babies born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome: a result update","volume":"18","author":"Boffa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307079039","article-title":"Infant perinatal thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies: a review","volume":"16","author":"Boffa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lupus [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/672603","article-title":"Clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic analyses of 21 patients with neonatal thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies: a literature review","volume":"2014","author":"Peixoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib32","article-title":"Case report: infantile ischemic stroke and antiphospholipid antibodies, description of four cases","volume":"8","author":"Giani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr [Internet]"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314531842","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in neonates with stroke--a unique entity or variant of antiphospholipid syndrome?","volume":"23","author":"Berkun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319846384","article-title":"Right ventricular thrombus in a case of neonatal lupus: case report","volume":"28","author":"Elnady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807304001","article-title":"Two cousins with neonatal stroke, PAI-1 4G variant and MTHFR A1298C mutation","volume":"22","author":"Golomb","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem011","article-title":"Neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome associated with heterozygous methylentetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations","volume":"46","author":"Paro-Panjan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314560207","article-title":"Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome: a new entity?","volume":"24","author":"De Carolis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320967418","article-title":"Portal vein thrombosis, livedo reticularis, polymicrobial sepsis and high antiphospholipid antibody titers in a newborn: a clinicopathological conference of antiphospholipid-associated neonatal syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231154114","article-title":"Neonatal IVC thrombosis in a baby born to an aPL positive mother - a case report","volume":"32","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem011","article-title":"Neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome associated with heterozygous methylentetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations","volume":"46","author":"Paro-Panjan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib41","article-title":"Recurrence of cutaneous necrosis in an infant with probable catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Camacho-Lovillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2939","article-title":"Infant with probable catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome successfully managed with rituximab","volume":"125","author":"Iglesias-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.5.565","article-title":"Anticardiolipin and anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I antibodies in sera of 61 apparently healthy children at regular preventive visits","volume":"40","author":"Av\u010din","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford) [Internet]"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxf043","article-title":"Anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies in children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Ambrozic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.110","article-title":"Imaging of activated complement using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO)-conjugated vectors: an in vivo in utero non-invasive method to predict placental insufficiency and abnormal fetal brain development","volume":"20","author":"Girardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.05.008","article-title":"MRI-based methods to detect placental and fetal brain abnormalities in utero","volume":"114","author":"Girardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.07.001","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders in babies born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Abisror","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2014-000034","article-title":"Increased usage of special educational services by children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"1","author":"Marder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23311","article-title":"Neuropsychological development of children born to patients with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Nacinovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10187","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients","volume":"46","author":"Cervera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radin M., Cecchi I., Arbrile M., Montin D., Farinasso L., Cioffi M., et al. Pediatric presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome: a review of recent literature with estimation of local prevalence. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:182-187. Available from: 10.1055\/s-0043-1764472.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764472"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1209","article-title":"Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic features of 121 patients in an international registry","volume":"122","author":"Avcin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu411oa","article-title":"Outcome of primary antiphospholipid syndrome in childhood","volume":"12","author":"Gattorno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.10.004","article-title":"Pediatric catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: descriptive analysis of 45 patients from the \u201cCAPS registry.\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Berman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000576","article-title":"A retrospective review of pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombosis outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3776-5","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and thrombosis outcomes of paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: analysis of 58 patients","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib57","article-title":"Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus-related antiphospholipid syndrome: a multicenter study with 1519 patients","volume":"19","author":"Islab\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033211002256","article-title":"Identifying additional risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis among pediatric antiphospholipid antibodies carriers","volume":"30","author":"Sloan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib59","article-title":"Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical features and therapeutic interventions in a single center retrospective case series","volume":"20","author":"Madison","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib60","first-page":"286","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome in Mexican children","volume":"14","author":"Zamora-Ustaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22360","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent thrombosis in children","volume":"55","author":"Berkun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib62","first-page":"166","article-title":"Internal carotid artery occlusion associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a child","volume":"48","author":"Tanir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808315216","article-title":"A case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in an adolescent girl with parvovirus B19 infection","volume":"47","author":"Canpolat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20739","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumonia and pulmonary embolism in a child due to acquired prothrombotic factors","volume":"43","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib65","first-page":"956","article-title":"Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a child with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"101","author":"Graw-Panzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2010.242115","article-title":"Cardiac thrombus associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"11","author":"Nagashima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib67","first-page":"151","article-title":"[Clinical analysis of pulmonary embolism in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]","volume":"50","author":"yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-012-1047-4","article-title":"Splenic infarction, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with infectious mononucleosis","volume":"95","author":"Cull","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-018-1289-1","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome complicating pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"55","author":"Mekala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182843d7e","article-title":"Q Fever with transient antiphospholipid antibodies associated with cholecystitis and splenic infarction","volume":"32","author":"Newcombe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e292","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1340","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae, splenic infarct, and transient antiphospholipid antibodies: a new association?","volume":"119","author":"Witmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-2048","article-title":"Predictive value of persistent versus transient antiphospholipid antibody subtypes for the risk of thrombotic events in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"106","author":"Male","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-023-00538-0","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenia could be an independent clinical phenotype of antiphospholipid syndrome: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2018.1532649","article-title":"Relevance of antiphospholipid antibody profile in the clinical outcome of ITP: a single-centre study","volume":"24","author":"Frison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.11.001","article-title":"Risk of thrombosis in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia and antiphospholipid antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Moulis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203321988934","article-title":"Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome\u2014a case series with review of literature","volume":"30","author":"Kocheril","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib77","article-title":"Rituximab use in pediatric lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome - report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Cetin Gedik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-023-00517-z","article-title":"Successful treatment of lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome with rituximab","volume":"21","author":"Nusrat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231191153","article-title":"Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome in children: three case reports and systematic review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00752.x","article-title":"Estimation of antiphospholipid antibodies in a prospective longitudinal study of children with migraine","volume":"24","author":"Avcin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320983913","article-title":"A trial of antithrombotic therapy in patients with refractory migraine and antiphospholipid antibodies: a retrospective study of 75 patients","volume":"30","author":"Schofield","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2010.075","article-title":"Chorea associated with anti-phospholipid antibodies: case report","volume":"65","author":"Demonty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2015.1134035","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for two cases of antiphospholipid antibody-associated chorea","volume":"28","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2020.16.1.140","article-title":"Antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies in children with idiopathic epilepsy: a 2-year prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Attilakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/935608","article-title":"Increased anti-phospholipid antibodies in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"2013","author":"Careaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervera R., Serrano R., Pons-Estel G.J., Ceberio-Hualde L., Shoenfeld Y., de Ram\u00f3n E., et al. Morbidity and mortality in the antiphospholipid syndrome during a 10-year period: a multicentre prospective study of 1000 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:1011-8. Available from: 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204838.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204838"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib87","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome-A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Man","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib88","article-title":"Non-criteria manifestations in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Gu\u00e9don","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib89","article-title":"Pediatric APS: state of the art","volume":"vol. 22","author":"Soybilgic","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib90","first-page":"296","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children positive for antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Giordano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-007-0034-x","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in response to infection","volume":"9","author":"Avcin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215213","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults","volume":"78","author":"Tektonidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.019","article-title":"Patient-level analysis of five international cohorts further confirms the efficacy of aspirin for the primary prevention of thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"14","author":"Arnaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224762","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: 2023 update","volume":"83","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310395803","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and long-term management of thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: report of a task force at the 13th International Congress on antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"20","author":"Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.10.014","article-title":"Efficacy of aspirin for the primary prevention of thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: an international and collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Arnaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1005098","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants in pediatric venous thromboembolism: review of approved products rivaroxaban and dabigatran","volume":"10","author":"Al-Ghafry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200309000-00017","article-title":"Evans syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"25","author":"Avcin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1819-1883","article-title":"Successful rituximab therapy for pediatric antiphospholipid-related chorea: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"D\u2019hont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2014.01.034","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary antiphospholipid syndrome: analysis of 24 cases from the bibliography review","volume":"144","author":"Pons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37759","article-title":"A pilot open-label phase II trial of rituximab for non-criteria manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Erkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320928421","article-title":"Fatigue in adults with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: findings from a mixed-methods study","volume":"29","author":"Bearne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib103","first-page":"1120","volume":"vol. 15","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pint\u00f3","year":"2016"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu394oa","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines","volume":"12","author":"Asherson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025759","article-title":"Validation of the preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Cervera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.08.005","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: updated diagnostic algorithms","volume":"10","author":"Erkan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/cc5taf","article-title":"Rituximab for refractory manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome: a multicentre Israeli experience","volume":"39","author":"Agmon-Levin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.05.004","article-title":"Rituximab use in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: descriptive analysis of the CAPS registry patients receiving rituximab","volume":"12","author":"Berman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1523","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2939","article-title":"Infant with probable catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome successfully managed with rituximab","volume":"125","author":"Iglesias-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib110","series-title":"Rituximab for successful management of probable pediatric catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome","first-page":"536","author":"Rao","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34440","article-title":"Brief report: induction of sustained remission in recurrent catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome via inhibition of terminal complement with eculizumab","volume":"64","author":"Shapira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3489LE","article-title":"Pediatric catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome successfully treated with eculizumab","volume":"203","author":"Oulego-Erroz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694224000573?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694224000573?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T03:34:17Z","timestamp":1727148857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694224000573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694224000573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antiphospholipid syndrome in children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101986","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101986"}}