{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:49:07Z","timestamp":1790092147160,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:03:53Z","timestamp":1772168633000},"page":"102121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulceration in systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1443-9320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D.","family":"Pauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib1","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Primary versus systemic sclerosis-associated Raynaud's phenomenon: relationship with clinical and environmental factors","volume":"43","author":"Favoino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152208","article-title":"Domain reporting in systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon: an OMERACT scoping review","volume":"61","author":"Maltez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.020","article-title":"International consensus criteria for the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"48\u201349","author":"Maverakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062901","article-title":"Clinical risk assessment of organ manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR scleroderma trials and research group database","volume":"66","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23729","article-title":"Evolving symptom characteristics of raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis and their association with physician and patient-reported assessments of disease severity","volume":"71","author":"Pauling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091117","article-title":"Thumb involvement in Raynaud's phenomenon as an indicator of underlying connective tissue disease","volume":"37","author":"Chikura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2024.152521","article-title":"Clinically relevant differences between primary Raynaud's phenomenon and secondary to connective tissue disease","volume":"68","author":"Di Donato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05598-7","article-title":"How do patients define Raynaud's phenomenon? Differences between primary and secondary disease","volume":"40","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40481","article-title":"Patient perceptions of the Raynaud's condition score diary provide insight into its performance in clinical trials of Raynaud's phenomenon","author":"Pauling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib10","article-title":"A multi-national qualitative research study exploring the patient experience of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis","author":"Pauling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key026","article-title":"The patient experience of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Pauling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23475","article-title":"Multinational qualitative research study exploring the patient experience of raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis","volume":"70","author":"Pauling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180818","article-title":"Factors influencing raynaud condition score diary outcomes in systemic sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Pauling","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead371","article-title":"Construct validity and reliability of the assessment of systemic sclerosis-associated Raynaud's phenomenon (ASRAP) questionnaire","volume":"63","author":"Pauling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00909-5","article-title":"State-of-the-art evidence in the treatment of systemic sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Pope","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13224","article-title":"Digital ulcers associated with scleroderma: a major unmet medical need","volume":"32","author":"Naik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06206-y","article-title":"The clinical relevance of Raynaud's phenomenon symptom characteristics in systemic sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib18","first-page":"2423","article-title":"Natural history of ischemic digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: single-center retrospective longitudinal study","volume":"34","author":"Hachulla","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.02.005","article-title":"Does nailfold capillaroscopy help predict future outcomes in systemic sclerosis? A systematic literature review","volume":"48","author":"Paxton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae130","article-title":"Patients' unmet needs and treatment preferences concerning digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Bandini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208121","article-title":"Elucidating the burden of recurrent and chronic digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: Long-term results from the DUO registry","volume":"75","author":"Matucci-Cerinic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208121","article-title":"Elucidating the burden of recurrent and chronic digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: long-term results from the DUO registry","volume":"75","author":"Matucci-Cerinic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq097","article-title":"Digital ulcers in scleroderma: staging, characteristics and sub-setting through observation of 1614 digital lesions","volume":"49","author":"Amanzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2022-0014","article-title":"The relationship between smoking, raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, and skin thickness in the Waikato systemic sclerosis cohort","volume":"3","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology and Immunology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1233994","article-title":"Geographic variation as a risk factor for digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis patients: a multicentre registry","volume":"46","author":"Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24127","article-title":"Multicenter qualitative study exploring the patient experience of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152220","article-title":"Domain reporting in systemic sclerosis-related digital ulcers: an OMERACT scoping review","volume":"61","author":"Hughes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.08.001","article-title":"Exploring the patient experience of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab847","article-title":"Healthcare utilization and economic burden in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Martin Calderon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.05.015","article-title":"The social costs of digital ulcer management in sclerodema patients: an observational Italian pilot study","volume":"77","author":"Cozzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2080-y","article-title":"Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: their epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associated clinical and economic burden","volume":"21","author":"Morrisroe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib33","unstructured":"Full evidence summary | Digital ulcers: Sildenafil | Advice | NICE n.d. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/advice\/esuom42\/chapter\/full-evidence-summary#context-and-estimated-impact-for-the-nhs-2 (accessed November 24, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/2397198318764796","article-title":"Reliability of digital ulcer definitions as proposed by the UK Scleroderma study group: a challenge for clinical trial design","volume":"3","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171486","article-title":"Preliminary validation of the digital ulcer clinical assessment score in systemic sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Bruni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib36","series-title":"BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102283","article-title":"A framework for the definition and interpretation of the use of surrogate endpoints in interventional trials","volume":"65","author":"Ciani","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.9.952","article-title":"Oral iloprost in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicentre, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison study","volume":"37","author":"Black","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199804)41:4<670::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Oral iloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"41","author":"Wigley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Suppl 106","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib40","first-page":"184","article-title":"Patient participation in patient-reported outcome instrument development in systemic sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Pauling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10486","article-title":"Measuring disease activity and functional status in patients with scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"46","author":"Merkel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/2397198318774307","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome instruments for assessing Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis: a SCTC Vascular working group report","volume":"3","author":"Pauling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202836","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for the treatment of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"72","author":"Roustit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30079-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of treatments for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Khouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib45","article-title":"The assessment of systemic sclerosis-associated raynaud's phenomenon (ASRAP) questionnaire: item bank and short form development","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae049","article-title":"A phase 2 trial investigating the efficacy and safety of the mPGES-1 inhibitor vipoglanstat in systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's","volume":"64","author":"Tornling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2011.06.012","article-title":"Comparison of infrared thermography and laser speckle contrast imaging for the dynamic assessment of digital microvascular function","volume":"83","author":"Pauling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.06.018","article-title":"Performance of laser-derived imaging for assessing digital perfusion in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis-related digital vasculopathy: a systematic literature review","volume":"50","author":"Pauling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130658","article-title":"Bosentan treatment of digital ulcers related to systemic sclerosis: results from the RAPIDS-2 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Matucci-Cerinic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5258","article-title":"Effect of Macitentan on the development of new ischemic digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis: DUAL-1 and DUAL-2 randomized clinical trials","volume":"315","author":"Khanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf290","article-title":"Temporal trends in vascular medication use in 8079 patients with systemic sclerosis: insights from the EUSTAR cohort","volume":"64","author":"Di Donato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.078923","article-title":"Development of a provisional core set of response measures for clinical trials of systemic sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Khanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2087-4","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the Hand Disability in Systemic Sclerosis-Digital Ulcers (HDISS-DU(R)) patient-reported outcome instrument","volume":"22","author":"Mouthon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.02.006","article-title":"Sequential nailfold videocapillaroscopy examinations have responsiveness to detect organ progression in systemic sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Avouac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/10-43","article-title":"Emerging treatments for scleroderma\/systemic sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fac Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.101474","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"34","author":"Herrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab537","article-title":"Evidence and consensus-based recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment of fatigue, hand function loss, Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"St\u00f6cker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5509","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab278","article-title":"ANCA in systemic sclerosis, when vasculitis overlaps with vasculopathy: a devastating combination of pathologies","volume":"60","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq319","article-title":"Vacuum-assisted closure therapy: a novel treatment for wound healing in systemic sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Pauling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex175","article-title":"Vasodilation is not the only approach to the management of cutaneous ulceration in systemic sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Pauling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05399-4","article-title":"Anti-phospholipid syndrome leading to digital ischaemia and rare organ complications in systemic sclerosis and related disorders","volume":"40","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1841::AID-ART322>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.1.43","article-title":"Infusion of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, for treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"McHugh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24351","article-title":"MQX-503, a novel formulation of nitroglycerin, improves the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib65","article-title":"Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis","author":"Pope","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2646::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: findings in a fifteen-week randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Dziadzio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.9.1038","article-title":"Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine","volume":"40","author":"Coleiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.096677","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Kowal-Bielecka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.01.003","article-title":"Treatment of systemic sclerosis complications: what to use when first-line treatment fails","volume":"42","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh390","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.103382","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with left ventricular dysfunction in the EUSTAR database of patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Allanore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10775","article-title":"Predictors of isolated pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis and limited cutaneous involvement","volume":"48","author":"Steen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae394","article-title":"The 2024 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for management of systemic sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Denton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-226430","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: 2023 update","volume":"84","author":"Del Galdo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2012.719090","article-title":"The contribution of platelets to the pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Pauling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib76","first-page":"499","article-title":"Long-term low molecular weight heparin therapy for severe Raynaud's phenomenon: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Denton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib77","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Statins: potentially useful in therapy of systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers","volume":"35","author":"Abou-Raya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib78","series-title":"Effect of atorvastatin on microvascular endothelial function and Raynaud phenomenon in early diffuse scleroderma: results of the \u2018\u2018TAMER\u2019\u2019 study","author":"Domsic","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.01.069","article-title":"Thoracic sympathectomy for digital ischemia: a summary of evidence","volume":"54","author":"Coveliers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70343-2","article-title":"Peripheral sympathectomy for Raynaud's phenomenon: a salvage procedure","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205897","article-title":"Digital ulcers predict a worse disease course in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Mihai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew224","article-title":"BSR and BHPR guideline for the treatment of systemic sclerosis","volume":"55","author":"Denton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev201","article-title":"Consensus best practice pathway of the UK Scleroderma Study group: digital vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"Hughes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209909","article-title":"Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Kowal-Bielecka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-207001","article-title":"Efficacy of sildenafil on ischaemic digital ulcer healing in systemic sclerosis: the placebo-controlled SEDUCE study","volume":"75","author":"Hachulla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20676","article-title":"Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: prevention by treatment with bosentan","volume":"50","author":"Korn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5258","article-title":"Effect of Macitentan on the development of new ischemic digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis: DUAL-1 and DUAL-2 randomized clinical trials","volume":"315","author":"Khanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694226000069?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694226000069?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T07:46:08Z","timestamp":1781509568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694226000069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694226000069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulceration in systemic sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102121","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102121"}}