{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T07:55:58Z","timestamp":1781510158859,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000960","name":"American College of Rheumatology Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:57:04Z","timestamp":1776311824000},"page":"102131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening, monitoring and treatment of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sindhu R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elana J.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib1","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Quality of life and functional status in systemic sclerosis compared to other rheumatic diseases","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101667","article-title":"Employment outcomes in systemic sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S191418","article-title":"Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Bergamasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02026-2019","article-title":"Predictors of progression in systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease","volume":"55","author":"Distler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140006","article-title":"The effect of male sex on survival in systemic sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Hussein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180042","article-title":"Ethnic variations in systemic sclerosis disease manifestations, internal organ involvement, and mortality","author":"Al-Sheikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000001049","article-title":"Treatment of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: guidelines and new clinical trial results","volume":"36","author":"Johnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42860","article-title":"American college of rheumatology (ACR)\/American college of chest physicians (CHEST) guideline for the screening and monitoring of interstitial lung disease in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42861","article-title":"American college of rheumatology (ACR)\/American college of chest physicians (CHEST) guideline for the treatment of interstitial lung disease in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42386","article-title":"American college of rheumatology guideline for vaccinations in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"75","author":"Bass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42372","article-title":"American college of rheumatology guidance for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: version 5","volume":"75","author":"Curtis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170268","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in systemic sclerosis: prevalence, risk factors, and effect on survival","volume":"45","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908681","article-title":"Nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases","volume":"381","author":"Flaherty","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25346","article-title":"Assessing patient values and preferences to inform the 2023 American college of rheumatology\/American college of chest physicians interstitial lung disease guidelines","volume":"76","author":"Mirza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04481-8","article-title":"Effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease with mildly impaired lung function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"40","author":"Naidu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055120","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease","volume":"354","author":"Tashkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22204","article-title":"A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma","volume":"54","author":"Hoyles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-1157-y","article-title":"A randomized unblinded trial of cyclophosphamide versus azathioprine in the treatment of systemic sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Nadashkevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key213","article-title":"Intravenous cyclophosphamide vs rituximab for the treatment of early diffuse scleroderma lung disease: open label, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Sircar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00107-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab in systemic sclerosis (DESIRES): a double-blind, investigator-initiated, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Ebata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e546","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(22)00131-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab in systemic sclerosis (DESIRES): open-label extension of a double-blind, investigators-initiated, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Ebata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00359-9","article-title":"Rituximab versus intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in the UK (RECITAL): a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"11","author":"Maher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"10038","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00232-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in adults with systemic sclerosis (faSScinate): a phase 2, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Khanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30318-0","article-title":"Tocilizumab in systemic sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"8","author":"Khanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903076","article-title":"Nintedanib for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"380","author":"Distler","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217331","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: data from the SENSCIS trial","volume":"79","author":"Seibold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04565-w","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease-a randomised controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30554-3","article-title":"Pirfenidone in patients with progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (RELIEF): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"9","author":"Behr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.70126","article-title":"Combining pirfenidone with mycophenolate mofetil for systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (scleroderma lung study III): an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"7","author":"Khanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker271","article-title":"Scleroderma renal crisis: a retrospective multicentre study on 91 patients and 427 controls","volume":"51","author":"Guillevin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1697-6","article-title":"Corticosteroids and the risk of scleroderma renal crisis: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Trang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib32","article-title":"Late-onset scleroderma renal crisis does Occur-A multicenter study","author":"Mehta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503643","article-title":"Nerandomilast in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"392","author":"Maher","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.04.002","article-title":"High dose trivalent influenza vaccine compared to standard dose vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy and healthy controls: results of the DMID 10-0076 randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Stapleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30094-3","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of high-dose versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomised, double-blind, active-comparator trial","volume":"2","author":"Colmegna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214025","article-title":"Interaction between B-cell activation factor and methotrexate impacts immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"78","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213222","article-title":"Impact of temporary methotrexate discontinuation for 2 weeks on immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"77","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694226000161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521694226000161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T07:47:03Z","timestamp":1781509623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521694226000161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521694226000161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6942","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Screening, monitoring and treatment of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102131","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102131"}}