{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:07:59Z","timestamp":1791227279776,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,3]],"date-time":"2006-06-03T07:18:41Z","timestamp":1149319121000},"page":"269-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":372,"title":["Adaptive and Maladaptive Components of Rumination? Diagnostic Specificity and Relation to Depressive Biases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jutta","family":"Joormann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Dkane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Gotlib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.136","article-title":"Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment","volume":"113","author":"Abbott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026430900363","article-title":"Relation of rumination and distraction with neuroticism and extraversion in a sample of patients with major depression","volume":"25","author":"Bagby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib4","series-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00598.x","article-title":"Negative self-schemata in clinical depression","volume":"22","author":"Bradley","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/026999398379411","article-title":"Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration","volume":"12","author":"Bradley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.4.585","article-title":"Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample","volume":"110","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.2.179","article-title":"Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal","volume":"107","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005580518671","article-title":"The effect of rumination as a mediator of elevated anxiety sensitivity in major depression","volume":"25","author":"Cox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.90.4.286","article-title":"Schematic processing and self-reference in clinical depression","volume":"90","author":"Derry","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.2.236","article-title":"Information processing and cognitive organization in unipolar depression: Specificity and comorbidity issues","volume":"110","author":"Dozois","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01115465","article-title":"Measuring facial movement","volume":"1","author":"Ekman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Environmental Psychology and Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib13","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV","author":"First","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.96.3.199","article-title":"Construct accessibility and clinical depression: A longitudinal investigation","volume":"96","author":"Gotlib","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.3.386","article-title":"Coherence and specificity of information-processing biases in depression and social phobia","volume":"113","author":"Gotlib","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.121","article-title":"Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression","volume":"113","author":"Gotlib","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.47.2.427","article-title":"Construct accessibility and depression: An examination of cognitive and affective factors","volume":"47","author":"Gotlib","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib20","series-title":"Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment","author":"Harvey","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib21","series-title":"Cognitive vulnerability to depression","author":"Ingram","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010","article-title":"Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression: A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects","volume":"49","author":"Keller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib23","series-title":"Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"97","article-title":"Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action","author":"Lang","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.166","article-title":"Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on retrieval of autobiographical memories","volume":"75","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.2.339","article-title":"Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination","volume":"65","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.1.176","article-title":"Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving","volume":"69","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.5.1041","article-title":"Why ruminators are poor problem solvers: Clues from the phenomenology of dysphoric rumination","volume":"77","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib28","series-title":"Advances in social cognition","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some ruminative thoughts","author":"Martin","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib29","series-title":"Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) and Japanese and Caucasian neutral faces (JACNeuF)","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01177660","article-title":"Attentional processing in clinically depressed subjects: A longitudinal investigation","volume":"17","author":"McCabe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00040-6","article-title":"Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing","volume":"38","author":"Mellings","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.49.1.377","article-title":"Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders","volume":"49","author":"Mineka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.2.304","article-title":"Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression","volume":"102","author":"Mogg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.259","article-title":"Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory","volume":"101","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib36","series-title":"Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition","first-page":"135","article-title":"Chewing the cud and other ruminations","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.5.1061","article-title":"Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms","volume":"77","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","volume":"61","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.20","article-title":"Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood","volume":"102","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.1.92","article-title":"Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss","volume":"67","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018713313894","article-title":"Ruminative response style and vulnerability to episodes of dysphoria: Gender, neuroticism, and episode duration","volume":"22","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03123.x","article-title":"High interrater reliability for the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R Axis I (SCID-I)","volume":"84","author":"Skre","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.2.284","article-title":"Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection","volume":"76","author":"Trapnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.3.319","article-title":"Distinct modes of ruminative self-focus: Impact of abstract versus concrete rumination on problem solving in depression","volume":"5","author":"Watkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.2.333","article-title":"Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: Effects of self-focus and analytic thinking","volume":"110","author":"Watkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.10.006","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression","volume":"82","author":"Watkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib48","series-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2014Revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080038006","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): Multisite test-retest reliability","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002_bib50","series-title":"Ruminative thoughts","author":"Wyer","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789406000438?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789406000438?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:27:32Z","timestamp":1547598452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005789406000438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0005789406000438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2006.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}