{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:15:36Z","timestamp":1789503336823,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:46:27Z","timestamp":1361839587000},"page":"385-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Impact of Rumination on State Paranoid Ideation in a Nonclinical Sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.J.","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.403","article-title":"The Temple\u2013Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: Lifetime history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression","volume":"109","author":"Alloy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(96)00009-6","article-title":"Effects of active and passive rumination and distraction: A pilot replication with anxious mood","volume":"10","author":"Blagden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074","article-title":"The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health","volume":"60","author":"Brosschot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202289002","article-title":"Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger and aggressive responding","volume":"28","author":"Bushman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.3.555","article-title":"Rumination, negative cognition, and their interactive effects on depressed mood","volume":"7","author":"Ciesla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)90002-7","article-title":"Two dimensional views of psychopathology","volume":"32","author":"Costello","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.08.001","article-title":"The effects of analytic rumination, reappraisal, and distraction on anger experience","volume":"43","author":"Denson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2008.10.001","article-title":"The effects of experimentally induced rumination versus distraction on analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"40","author":"Ehring","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.003","article-title":"The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking","volume":"42","author":"Ehring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NMD.0000081646.33030.EF","article-title":"Paranoia in a nonclinical population of college students","volume":"191","author":"Ellett","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.62.1.129","article-title":"Paranoia and self-consciousness","volume":"62","author":"Fenigstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0060","series-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS: and sex and drugs and rock 'n' roll","author":"Field","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.004","article-title":"Suspicious minds: The psychology of persecutory delusions","volume":"27","author":"Freeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1348\/014466500163400","article-title":"Comments on the content of persecutory delusions: Does the definition need clarification?","volume":"39","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.12.6.404","article-title":"Helping patients with paranoid and suspicious thoughts: A cognitive-behavioural approach","volume":"12","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Psychiatric Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760387461","article-title":"A cognitive model of persecutory delusions","volume":"41","author":"Freeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.5.427","article-title":"Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population","volume":"186","author":"Freeman","year":"2005","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318145a0a9","article-title":"A measure of state persecutory ideation for experimental studies","volume":"195","author":"Freeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017514","article-title":"Testing the continuum of delusional beliefs: An experimental study using virtual reality","volume":"119","author":"Freeman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0100","article-title":"Insomnia, worry, anxiety and depression as predictors of the occurrence and persistence of paranoid thinking","volume":"1\u20139","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00083-7","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: Differences between males and females","volume":"36","author":"Garnefski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.12.005","article-title":"Rumination, distraction, and mindful self-focus in depressed patients","volume":"47","author":"Huffziger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003553","article-title":"Rumination, distraction and mindful self-focus: Effects on mood, dysfunctional attitudes and cortisol stress response","volume":"39","author":"Kuehner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-010-9304-4","article-title":"Rumination in clinical depression: A type of emotional suppression?","volume":"35","author":"Liverant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.1.176","article-title":"Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving","volume":"69","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.03.008","article-title":"Are worry, rumination, and post-event processing one and the same? Development of the repetitive thinking questionnaire","volume":"24","author":"McEvoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.03.003","article-title":"The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity","volume":"38","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.259","article-title":"Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory","volume":"101","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2008.00128.x","article-title":"It is not what you have; it is what you do with it: Support for Addis's gendered responding framework","volume":"15","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.1.92","article-title":"Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss","volume":"67","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00291.x","article-title":"Effects of induced rumination and distraction on mood and overgeneral autobiographical memory in adolescent Major Depressive Disorder and controls","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0165","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Schizotypal traits and N400 in healthy subjects","volume":"47","author":"Pr\u00e9vost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.3.790","article-title":"Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood","volume":"74","author":"Rusting","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700011910","article-title":"Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures","volume":"16","author":"Sartorius","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.027212","article-title":"Safety behaviours, rumination and paranoia in a non-clinical sample","volume":"3","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.10.003","article-title":"A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.04.006","article-title":"Persecutory delusions and catastrophic worry in psychosis: Developing the understanding of delusion distress and persistence","volume":"45","author":"Startup","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1969.01740230069010","article-title":"Hallucinations and delusions as points on continua function","volume":"20","author":"Strauss","year":"1969","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930500473533","article-title":"The association between rumination and negative affect: A review","volume":"20","author":"Thomsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.01.009","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing","volume":"42","author":"Watkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.2.163","article-title":"Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought","volume":"134","author":"Watkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00053-2","article-title":"Why do people ruminate in dysphoric moods?","volume":"30","author":"Watkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.09.018","article-title":"Rumination-focused cognitive behaviour therapy for residual depression: A case series","volume":"45","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023966400540","article-title":"The role of thought suppression in depressive rumination","volume":"27","author":"Wenzlaff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2008.12.003","article-title":"The impact of ruminative processing on the experience of self-referent intrusive memories in dysphoria","volume":"41","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.06.014","article-title":"Impact of rumination versus distraction on anxiety and maladaptive self-beliefs in socially anxious individuals","volume":"47","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"}],"container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789413000099?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789413000099?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T12:52:18Z","timestamp":1539867138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005789413000099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0005789413000099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2013.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}}}