{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:47:01Z","timestamp":1780472821708,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006924","name":"International OCD Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T16:25:19Z","timestamp":1613838319000},"page":"1226-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Excessive Object Attachment in Hoarding Disorder: Examining the Role of Interpersonal Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah O.","family":"Aluh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Blonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Norberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0005","series-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0015","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Bowlby","year":"1969"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12441","article-title":"My possessions need me: Anthropomorphism and hoarding","volume":"59","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0025","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.4.810","article-title":"Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior","volume":"71","author":"Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98","article-title":"What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications","volume":"78","author":"Cortina","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.055","article-title":"Applying attachment theory to indecisiveness in hoarding disorder","volume":"273","author":"Crone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.066","article-title":"Scared and surrounded by clutter: The influence of emotional reactivity","volume":"235","author":"Crone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.09.053","article-title":"Insecure attachment as a factor in hoarding behaviors in a non-clinical sample of women","volume":"270","author":"Danet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.07.007","article-title":"Motives for acquiring and saving and their relationships with object attachment","volume":"39","author":"David","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0060","first-page":"85","article-title":"A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"1980","journal-title":"JSAS Catalogue of Selected Documents in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-1-22","article-title":"The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for intervention across different clinical conditions","volume":"1","author":"Decety","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biopsychosocial Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.665","article-title":"Emotion, regulation, and moral development","volume":"51","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.01.004","article-title":"Experiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties in hoarding disorder","volume":"27","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez de la Cruz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.05.007","article-title":"Empathy and symptoms dimensions of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"43","author":"Fontenelle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0085","volume":"Vol. 57","author":"Fromm","year":"1947"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00071-2","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding","volume":"34","author":"Frost","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.08.004","article-title":"The Buried in Treasures Workshop: Waitlist control trial of facilitated support groups for hoarding","volume":"50","author":"Frost","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.006","article-title":"Measurement of compulsive hoarding: Saving Inventory-Revised","volume":"42","author":"Frost","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.08.008","article-title":"Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: An open trial","volume":"49","author":"Gilliam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.12.006","article-title":"Formation of attachment to possessions in compulsive hoarding","volume":"23","author":"Grisham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.12.001","article-title":"Interpersonal functioning in Hoarding Disorder: An examination of attachment styles and emotion regulation in response to interpersonal stress","volume":"16","author":"Grisham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0120","series-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109763","article-title":"Emotion regulation and empathic abilities in young adults: The role of attachment styles","volume":"156","author":"Henschel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0130","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0) [Computer software]. Author","author":"IBM","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0135","first-page":"63","article-title":"Relationships between dimensions of attachment and empathy","volume":"4","author":"Joireman","year":"2002","journal-title":"North American Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2012.02.007","article-title":"Attachment to objects as compensation for close others' perceived unreliability","volume":"48","author":"Keefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0145","series-title":"The Oxford handbook of hoarding and acquiring","first-page":"120","article-title":"Emotional attachment to objects in hoarding: A critical review of the evidence","author":"Kellett","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.007","article-title":"Saving Inventory \u2013 Revised: Psychometric performance across the lifespan","volume":"252","author":"Kellman-McFarlane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.01.037","article-title":"Seeing human when feeling insecure and wanting closeness: A systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Kwok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e883","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000883","article-title":"Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism","volume":"2","author":"Lombardo","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.01.025","article-title":"An examination of the relationship between hoarding symptoms and hostility","volume":"111","author":"Mathes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103549","article-title":"Attachment theory and hoarding disorder: A review and theoretical integration","volume":"125","author":"Mathes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465813000659","article-title":"The Role of Adult Attachment and Social Support in Hoarding Disorder","volume":"42","author":"Medard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/10478400802631295","article-title":"\u201cCan't buy me love\u201d: An attachment perspective on social support and money as psychological buffers","volume":"19","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0185","series-title":"The handbook of solitude: Psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone","first-page":"34","article-title":"An attachment perspective on loneliness","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0190","series-title":"Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024515519160","article-title":"Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies","volume":"27","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2001","article-title":"Short-term cognitive\u2013behavioural group treatment for hoarding disorder: A naturalistic treatment outcome study","volume":"24","author":"Moulding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0205","first-page":"641","article-title":"A longitudinal study of product attachment and its determinants","volume":"7","author":"Mugge","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Advances in Consumer Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21923","article-title":"Group cognitive and behavioral therapy and bibliotherapy for hoarding: A pilot trial","volume":"29","author":"Muroff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.04.067","article-title":"The role of attachment style and anthropomorphism in predicting hoarding behaviours in a non-clinical sample","volume":"99","author":"Neave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730903016987","article-title":"Attachment to people and to objects in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An exploratory comparison of hoarders and non-hoarders","volume":"11","author":"Nedelisky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Attachment & Human Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.08","article-title":"Anxious attachment and excessive acquisition: The mediating roles of anthropomorphism and distress intolerance","volume":"7","author":"Norberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.68","article-title":"Determinants of object choice and object attachment: Compensatory consumption in compulsive buying\u2013shopping disorder and hoarding disorder","volume":"9","author":"Norberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.06.005","article-title":"Mood influences the relationship between distress intolerance and discarding","volume":"6","author":"Norberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2020.100571","article-title":"Greater interpersonal problems differentiate those who excessively acquire and save from those who only excessively acquire possessions","volume":"27","author":"Norberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20902","article-title":"Do patients with hoarding disorder have autistic traits?","volume":"29","author":"Pertusa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12239","article-title":"Emotional regulation, attachment to possessions and hoarding symptoms","volume":"56","author":"Phung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.85.1.112","article-title":"Correction for range restriction: An expanded typology","volume":"85","author":"Sackett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0260","article-title":"Consumer-product attachment: Measurement and design implications","volume":"2","author":"Schifferstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0265","series-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","first-page":"878","article-title":"A lifespan perspective on attachment and care for others: Empathy, altruism, and prosocial behavior","author":"Shaver","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025428631552","article-title":"Cognitive aspects of compulsive hoarding","volume":"27","author":"Steketee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00144","article-title":"The role of empathy in improving intergroup relations","volume":"55","author":"Stephan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.12.008","article-title":"Family burden of compulsive hoarding: Results of an internet survey","volume":"46","author":"Tolin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.01.006","article-title":"Hoarding disorder and difficulties in emotion regulation","volume":"16","author":"Tolin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1348\/014466507X240740","article-title":"Compulsive hoarding: A qualitative investigation of partner and carer perspectives","volume":"47","author":"Wilbram","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103577","article-title":"Empathy does not amplify vicarious threat learning","volume":"127","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000132","article-title":"Interpersonal emotion regulation: Implications for affiliation, perceived support, relationships, and well-being","volume":"115","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2019.100487","article-title":"Emotional attachment to objects mediates the relationship between loneliness and hoarding symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"}],"container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789421000253?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789421000253?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:10:22Z","timestamp":1757754622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005789421000253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0005789421000253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Excessive Object Attachment in Hoarding Disorder: Examining the Role of Interpersonal Functioning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavior Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2021.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}