{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:45:08Z","timestamp":1788929108450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EE1402A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EE1402A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T20:27:04Z","timestamp":1667939224000},"page":"427-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effective\u2014and Tolerable: Acceptance and Side Effects of Intensified Exposure for Anxiety Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Heinig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Knappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Hoyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Ulrich","family":"Wittchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Arolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilo","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Lueken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Margraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Neudeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Rief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Pittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0005","first-page":"428","article-title":"Negative effects of psychotherapy: Prevalence and correlates in a clinical sample","volume":"68","author":"Abeling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramowitz, J. S., & Blakey, S. M. (2020). Clinical handbook of fear and anxiety: Maintenance processes and treatment mechanisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0000150-000.","DOI":"10.1037\/0000150-000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.2.394","article-title":"Exposure and ritual prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Effects of intensive versus twice-weekly sessions","volume":"71","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-018-0459-1","article-title":"Acceptance and acceptability criteria: A literature review","volume":"20","author":"Alexandre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognition, Technology and Work"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.01.003","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for heterogeneous anxiety disorders","volume":"51","author":"Arch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0030","unstructured":"Bandelow, B., Aden, I., Alpers, G. W., Benecke, C., Deckert, J., Domschke, K., \u2026 Beutel, M. E. (2021). Deutsche S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angstst\u00f6rungen, Version 2. AWMF."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23035","article-title":"Identifying the organizational innovation-specific capacity needed for exposure therapy","volume":"37","author":"Becker-Haimes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.05.006","article-title":"An analog study of patient preferences for exposure versus alternative treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"45","author":"Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00138-4","article-title":"A survey of psychologists\u2019 attitudes towards and utilization of exposure therapy for PTSD","volume":"42","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2020.07.004","article-title":"Therapist Behavior During Exposure Tasks Predicts Habituation and Clinical Outcome in Three Randomized Controlled Trials for Pediatric OCD","volume":"52","author":"Benito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"November 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.11.010","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the judicious use of safety behaviors during exposure therapy","volume":"112","author":"Blakey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000115956","article-title":"Versorgungsrealit\u00e4t der Zwangsst\u00f6rungen: Werden Expositionsverfahren eingesetzt?","volume":"18","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(72)90045-6","article-title":"Credibility of analogue therapy rationales","volume":"3","author":"Borkovec","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S89542","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure-based therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A review of its efficacy, the adequacy of the treatment protocol, and its acceptability","volume":"11","author":"Botella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2014.939593","article-title":"Clinicians\u2019 Perspectives on Negative Effects of Psychological Treatments","volume":"43","author":"Bystedt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22728","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Carpenter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/07317107.2012.732873","article-title":"Treatment of Adolescent Panic Disorder: A Nonrandomized Comparison of Intensive Versus Weekly CBT","volume":"34","author":"Chase","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child & Family Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.3.568","article-title":"Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09081247","article-title":"Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"167","author":"Cloitre","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0100","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019788","article-title":"What do psychotherapists really do in practice? An internet study of over 2000 practitioners","volume":"47","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(94)90001-9","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with behavioral treatments for panic disorder with agoraphobia","volume":"8","author":"Cox","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104069","article-title":"Optimizing exposure therapy with an inhibitory retrieval approach and the OptEx Nexus","volume":"152","author":"Craske","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80062-0","article-title":"Patients\u2019 perceptions of pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders","volume":"36","author":"Deacon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.06.006","article-title":"Maximizing the efficacy of interoceptive exposure by optimizing inhibitory learning: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Deacon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.02.004","article-title":"Therapist perceptions and delivery of interoceptive exposure for panic disorder","volume":"27","author":"Deacon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2009.10.004","article-title":"Does the judicious use of safety behaviors improve the efficacy and acceptability of exposure therapy for claustrophobic fear?","volume":"41","author":"Deacon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7916(00)00012-4","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the credibility\/expectancy questionnaire","volume":"31","author":"Devilly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0145","unstructured":"Dinno, A. (2017). TOST: Two one-sided tests for equivalence. Stata software package."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0150","series-title":"Note for Guidance on Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials (CPMP\/ICH\/363\/96)","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"1998"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.03.007","article-title":"Do negative beliefs about exposure therapy cause its suboptimal delivery? An experimental investigation","volume":"27","author":"Farrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000044","article-title":"Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy","volume":"83","author":"Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.4.1022","article-title":"Does imaginal exposure exacerbate PTSD symptoms?","volume":"70","author":"Foa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02144","article-title":"Frequencies and Predictors of Negative Effects in Routine Inpatient and Outpatient Psychotherapy: Two Observational Studies","volume":"11","author":"Gerke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6","article-title":"Mechanism of action in CBT (MAC): Methods of a multi-center randomized controlled trial in 369 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia","volume":"259","author":"Gloster","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-104930","article-title":"Subjektiv erlebte Nebenwirkungen ambulanter Verhaltenstherapie: Zusammenh\u00e4nge mit Patientenmerkmalen, Therapeutenmerkmalen und der Therapiebeziehung","volume":"67","author":"Gr\u00fcnberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445518813624","article-title":"That Was Easy! Expectancy Violations During Exposure and Response Prevention for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","volume":"44","author":"Guzick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2017.1393575","article-title":"Risk factors for negative experiences during psychotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Hardy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.656","article-title":"Do we know when our clients get worse? An investigation of therapists\u2019 ability to detect negative client change","volume":"17","author":"Hatfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000575","article-title":"Intensified exposure to promote inhibitory learning in anxiety disorders \u2013 therapeutic implementation in a clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Heinig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1560","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1560","article-title":"Optimizing exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders via enhanced extinction: Design and methods of a multicentre randomized clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Heinig","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0210","first-page":"1","article-title":"Negative Effects of a Multimodal Inpatient CBASP Program: Rate of Occurrence and Their Impact on Treatment Outcome in Chronic and Treatment-Resistant Depression","volume":"12","author":"Herzog","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1447","article-title":"Assessing the unwanted: A systematic review of instruments used to assess negative effects of psychotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Herzog","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.06.004","article-title":"Client engagement in psychotherapeutic treatment and associations with client characteristics, therapist characteristics, and treatment factors","volume":"34","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the Road to Personalized Psychotherapy: A Research Agenda Based on Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression","volume":"11","author":"Huibers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0230","article-title":"A pilot study of intensive 7-day internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder","volume":"84","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.04.004","article-title":"Intensive cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"J\u00f3nsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2014.02.005","article-title":"Reporting of harms in randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions for mental and behavioral disorders: A review of current practice","volume":"38","author":"Jonsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1980.13-259","article-title":"Acceptability of alternative treatments for deviant child behavior","volume":"13","author":"Kazdin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202837","article-title":"Ambulante psychotherapeutische Versorgung bei Zwangserkrankungen: Ergebnisse einer anonymen Therapeutenbefragung","volume":"60","author":"K\u00fclz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000367928","article-title":"Welche Risiken und Nebenwirkungen hat Psychotherapie? \u2013 Entwicklung des Inventars zur Erfassung Negativer Effekte von Psychotherapie (INEP)","volume":"24","author":"Ladwig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245918770963","article-title":"Equivalence Testing for Psychological Research: A Tutorial","volume":"1","author":"Lakens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000139","article-title":"Effekte therapeutenbegleiteter versus patientengeleiteter Exposition bei Panikst\u00f6rung mit Agoraphobie","volume":"41","author":"Lang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.006","article-title":"It\u2019s the who not the when: An investigation of safety behavior fading in exposure to contamination","volume":"39","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.28.4.303","article-title":"Further support for the acceptability-enhancing roles of safety behavior and a cognitive rationale in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders","volume":"28","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20153","article-title":"Definition, assessment and rate of psychotherapy side effects","volume":"13","author":"Linden","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0285","series-title":"Risiken und Nebenwirkungen von Psychotherapie","author":"Linden","year":"2013"},{"issue":"July 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.07.003","article-title":"Therapist-led and self-led one-session virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety with consumer hardware and software: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Lindner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.01.004","article-title":"Why do clinicians exclude anxious clients from exposure therapy?","volume":"54","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.27.2.155","article-title":"Incorporating the Judicious Use of Safety Behavior into Exposure-Based Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: A Study of Treatment Acceptability","volume":"27","author":"Milosevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2018.1494750","article-title":"\u201cPhobie \u00e0 deux\u201d and other reasons why clinicians do not apply exposure with response prevention in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"48","author":"Moritz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0310","series-title":"Risiken und Nebenwirkungen von Psychotherapie","first-page":"59","article-title":"Risiken und Nebenwirkungen von Verhaltenstherapie","author":"Nestoriuc","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0315","series-title":"Exposure therapy: Rethinking the model - refining the method","author":"Neudeck","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0320","unstructured":"NICE (2011). Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults. In National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence - Clinical Guidelines. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg113."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2008.07.003","article-title":"The Cruelest Cure? Ethical Issues in the Implementation of Exposure-Based Treatments","volume":"16","author":"Olatunji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.07.008","article-title":"Brief, intensive and concentrated cognitive behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"\u00d6st","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0335","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy of Temporally Intensified Exposure for Anxiety Disorders: A Multi-Center Randomized Clinical Trial","author":"Pittig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443\/a000441","article-title":"Exposition aus Sicht niedergelassener Verhaltenstherapeutinnen und Verhaltenstherapeuten","volume":"46","author":"Pittig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.07.003","article-title":"The Struggle of Behavioral Therapists With Exposure: Self-Reported Practicability, Negative Beliefs, and Therapist Distress About Exposure-Based Interventions","volume":"50","author":"Pittig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22672","article-title":"How willing are you? Willingness as a predictor of change during treatment of adults with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"34","author":"Reid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.04.042","article-title":"Rate and predictors of negative effects of psychotherapy in psychiatric and psychosomatic inpatients","volume":"254","author":"Rheker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richard, D. C. S., & Gloster, A. T. (2007). Exposure therapy has a public relations problem: A dearth of litigation amid a wealth of concern. In D. C. S. Richard & D. Lauterbach (Eds.), Handbook of Exposure Therapies (pp. 409\u2013425). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012587421-2\/50019-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012587421-2\/50019-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000078027","article-title":"Therapie von Angst- und Zwangspatienten in der verhaltenstherapeutischen Praxis","volume":"14","author":"Roth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2018.42","article-title":"Negative effects in psychotherapy: Commentary and recommendations for future research and clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Rozental","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0375","unstructured":"Sarkozy, N. (2010). Addressing Negative Effects of Psychotherapy During the Informed Consent Process\u202f: The Licensed Psychologists\u2019 Perspectives. Retrieved from PCOM Psychology Dissertations website: https:\/\/digitalcommons.pcom.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&https:\/\/redir= 1&article=1122&context=psychology_dissertations."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-018-9904-y","article-title":"Unwanted Events and Side Effects in Cognitive Behavior Therapy","volume":"42","author":"Schermuly-Haupt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23000","article-title":"Serious negative consequences associated with exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A survey of therapist attitudes and experiences","volume":"37","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-106","article-title":"Through the looking glass: Understanding non-inferiority","volume":"12","author":"Schumi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22556","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Intensive Empirically Supported Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"33","author":"Sciarrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","article-title":"Acceptability of healthcare interventions: An overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework","volume":"17","author":"Sekhon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1033","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A)","volume":"13","author":"Shear","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swift, J. K., & Greenberg, R. P. (2012). Premature Discontinuation in Adult Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analysis. In Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (Vol. 80, pp. 547\u2013559). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028226.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028226"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.11.012","article-title":"The acceptability and preference for the psychological treatment of PTSD","volume":"44","author":"Tarrier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.06.005","article-title":"Adding acceptance and commitment therapy to exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Twohig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013318","article-title":"From the lab to the clinic: Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders","volume":"40","author":"van Ingen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Professional Psychology: Research and Practice"},{"issue":"OCT","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0430","first-page":"1","article-title":"Large-group one-session treatment: Feasibility in highly height fearful individuals and predictors of outcome","volume":"10","author":"Wannemueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.014","article-title":"Adding a motivational interviewing pretreatment to cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Westra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-019-00303-2","article-title":"A Meta-analysis to Guide the Enhancement of CBT for Childhood Anxiety: Exposure Over Anxiety Management","volume":"23","author":"Whiteside","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001_b0445","article-title":"Brief Imaginal Exposure for PTSD: Trajectories of Change in Distress","author":"Zoellner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"}],"container-title":["Behavior Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789422001368?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005789422001368?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:56:26Z","timestamp":1762091786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005789422001368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0005789422001368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31234\/osf.io\/j8mtw","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0005-7894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effective\u2014and Tolerable: Acceptance and Side Effects of Intensified Exposure for Anxiety Disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavior Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2022.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. target for psychological Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}