{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:07:52Z","timestamp":1790183272279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Blood Immunology & Cellular Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T23:52:02Z","timestamp":1779839522000},"page":"100065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand\u2013dependent B-cell expansion of regulatory T cells as an immune cell therapy strategy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cody J.","family":"Gurski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli C.","family":"Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0233-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela K.","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4275-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie N.","family":"Dittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00460","article-title":"Drugs for autoimmune inflammatory diseases: from small molecule compounds to anti-TNF biologics","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010064","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory agents and their delivery nanosystems","volume":"13","author":"Placha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1166135","article-title":"Opportunities for Treg cell therapy for the treatment of human disease","volume":"14","author":"Bluestone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.04.008","article-title":"IPEX and FOXP3: clinical and research perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Wildin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838346","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells rescue scurfy mice","volume":"38","author":"Huter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.11.016","article-title":"Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the control of experimental CNS autoimmune disease","volume":"193","author":"O'Connor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839073","article-title":"Curing CNS autoimmune disease with myelin-reactive Foxp3+ Treg","volume":"39","author":"Stephens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-140277","article-title":"In vivo-activated CD103+CD4+ regulatory T cells ameliorate ongoing chronic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"112","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01460","article-title":"Engineered tolerance: tailoring development, function, and antigen-specificity of regulatory T cells","volume":"8","author":"Dawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.06.001","article-title":"First-in-man clinical results of the treatment of patients with graft versus host disease with human ex vivo expanded CD4+CD25+CD127- T regulatory cells","volume":"133","author":"Trzonkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.697854","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in GVHD therapy","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00741-8","article-title":"Treg cells in autoimmunity: from identification to Treg-based therapies","volume":"41","author":"Goschl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00043","article-title":"Past, present, and future of regulatory T cell therapy in transplantation and autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Romano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib14","first-page":"22","article-title":"Regulatory T cell therapy of graft-versus-host disease: advances and challenges","volume":"7","author":"Hefazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08122-9","article-title":"Mature IgD(low\/-) B cells maintain tolerance by promoting regulatory T cell homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Ray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103354","article-title":"A novel IL-10-independent regulatory role for B cells in suppressing autoimmunity by maintenance of regulatory T cells via GITR ligand","volume":"188","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2271","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in genetically B cell-deficient mice","volume":"184","author":"Wolf","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3447","article-title":"B cell regulation of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells and IL-10 via B7 is essential for recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"178","author":"Mann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2020.06.023","article-title":"Discovery and function of B-cell IgD low (BD(L)) B cells in immune tolerance","volume":"433","author":"Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802751","article-title":"GITR triggering induces expansion of both effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells in vivo","volume":"182","author":"van Olffen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6392","article-title":"Evidence for Fas-dependent and Fas-independent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"162","author":"Dittel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib22","article-title":"Overexpresson of GITRL by B cell IgD low (BDL) cells is a therapeutic strategy to increase endogenous CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells for the treatment of autoimmunity","author":"Khalil","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/immhor\/vlaf072","article-title":"Making multiple comparisons easy: a decision tree and visual statistics guide for data with more than two groups","volume":"10","author":"Gurski","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00965","article-title":"Survival of long-lived plasma cells (LLPC): piecing together the puzzle","volume":"10","author":"Lightman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189991","article-title":"Exploiting B cell transfer for cancer therapy: engineered B cells to eradicate tumors","volume":"22","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1089\/10430340252898993","article-title":"Use of spontaneous Epstein-Barr virus-lymphoblastoid cell lines genetically modified to express tumor antigen as cancer vaccines: mutated p21 ras oncogene in pancreatic carcinoma as a model","volume":"13","author":"Kubuschok","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012305","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of donor B lymphocytes: a phase 1\/2a study for patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Winkler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100340","article-title":"Vector strategies to actualize B cell-based gene therapies","volume":"207","author":"Jeske","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002409","article-title":"FDA approval of Casgevy and Lyfgenia: a dual breakthrough in gene therapies for sickle cell disease","volume":"86","author":"Rahmat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1029356","article-title":"Targeting transmembrane-domain-less MOG expression to platelets prevents disease development in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib31","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Normal and Abnormal Complete Blood Count with Differential","author":"El Brihi","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803186106","article-title":"Enhanced selection of FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells protects CTLA-4-deficient mice from CNS autoimmune disease","volume":"106","author":"Verhagen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00215","article-title":"CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"4","author":"Simonetta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"315","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad4134","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells","volume":"7","author":"Bluestone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-3347","article-title":"Instability of Foxp3 expression limits the ability of induced regulatory T cells to mitigate graft versus host disease","volume":"17","author":"Beres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.08.012","article-title":"Induced regulatory T cells: their development, stability, and applications","volume":"37","author":"Kanamori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI173107","article-title":"A humanized IL-2 mutein expands Tregs and prolongs transplant survival in preclinical models","volume":"134","author":"Efe","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635767","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic strategies to restore regulatory T cell control of islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Volfson-Sedletsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immuno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000478077","article-title":"The immunogenicity of biologic therapies","volume":"53","author":"Garces","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib40","first-page":"362","article-title":"Severe infections after bone marrow transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Barnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02372","article-title":"Trends in late mortality and life expectancy after autologous blood or marrow transplantation over three decades: a BMTSS report","volume":"40","author":"Bhatia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2025000738","article-title":"New age HCT conditioning regimens: what works and why?","volume":"2025","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib43","article-title":"Stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a 2023 review of published studies","volume":"15","author":"Msheik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029082","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Rush","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1215","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011461","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"96","author":"Boffa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090746","article-title":"Feedback control of regulatory T cell homeostasis by dendritic cells in vivo","volume":"206","author":"Darrasse-Jeze","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041169","article-title":"Dendritic cell-restricted CD80\/86 deficiency results in peripheral regulatory T-cell reduction but is not associated with lymphocyte hyperactivation","volume":"41","author":"Bar-On","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Blood Immunology & Cellular Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S3050597626000357?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S3050597626000357?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:32:07Z","timestamp":1790181127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S3050597626000357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S3050597626000357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065","relation":{},"ISSN":["3050-5976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3050-5976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand\u2013dependent B-cell expansion of regulatory T cells as an immune cell therapy strategy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Blood Immunology & Cellular Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bict.2026.100065","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society of Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100065"}}