{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:57:23Z","timestamp":1792173443067,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T17:45:42Z","timestamp":1600105542000},"page":"559-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Theoretical model of pediatric orbital trapdoor fractures and provisional personalized 3D printing-assisted surgical solution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Guangrui","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijian","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1937-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4336-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001306","article-title":"Epidemiology and predictors of orbital fractures in children","volume":"34","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1598191","article-title":"Orbital fracture repair","volume":"31","author":"Grob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32833aafd2","article-title":"Update on orbital reconstruction","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.03.044","article-title":"A novel method of orbital floor reconstruction using virtual planning, 3-dimensional printing, and autologous bone","volume":"74","author":"Vehmeijer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.03.025","article-title":"Mirror-imaged rapid prototype skull model and pre-molded synthetic scaffold to achieve optimal orbital cavity reconstruction","volume":"73","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003195","article-title":"Customized orbital wall reconstruction using three-dimensionally printed rapid prototype model in patients with orbital wall fracture","volume":"27","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000884","article-title":"Low-cost 3D printing orbital implant templates in secondary orbital reconstructions","volume":"33","author":"Callahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.02.008","article-title":"Classical versus custom orbital wall reconstruction: selected factors regarding surgery and hospitalization","volume":"45","author":"Zielinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillo-Fac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3766-y","article-title":"Clinical effects of 3-D printing-assisted personalized reconstructive surgery for blowout orbital fractures","volume":"255","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finel.2006.03.008","article-title":"Real-time deformation of structure using finite element and Neural networks in virtual reality applications","volume":"42","author":"Hambli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Finite Elem. Anal. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib11","series-title":"Rheology: Principles, Measurement and Applications","author":"Macosko","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib12","series-title":"A-13 FEM Analyses for Dynamic Characteristics of Tennis Racket and Ball Using Interlaced Solid String Model","first-page":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-009-0903-5","article-title":"Effects of string tension and impact location on tennis playing","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mech. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-015-0240-2","article-title":"Measurement of the mechanical properties of the handball, volleyball, and basketball using DIC method: a combination of experimental, constitutive, and viscoelastic models","volume":"11","author":"Alireza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1504\/IJECB.2010.035259","article-title":"Thermal analysis of orthogonal cutting of cortical bone using finite element simulations","volume":"3","author":"Alam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Comput. BioMech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2014.05.031","article-title":"The influence of anisotropy in numerical modeling of orthogonal cutting of cortical bone","volume":"116","author":"Santiuste","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2009.04.035","article-title":"Finite element analysis of forces of plane cutting of cortical bone","volume":"46","author":"Alam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840903080851","article-title":"Estimation of bone material properties using an inverse finite element method","volume":"12","author":"Garo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput Method Biomec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6271898","article-title":"A review of pediatric lower extremity data for pedestrian numerical modeling: injury epidemiology, anatomy, anthropometry, structural, and mechanical properties","volume":"2018","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Bionics Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199811000-00001","article-title":"Intervention within days for some orbital floor fractures: the white-eyed blowout","volume":"14","author":"Jordan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310890","article-title":"Orbital trapdoor fractures: different clinical profiles between adult and paediatric patients","volume":"102","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.05.008","article-title":"Orbital trapdoor fractures","volume":"26","author":"Phan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200202000-00011","article-title":"Trapdoor fracture of the orbit in a pediatric population","volume":"109","author":"Grant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2003.17.1.44","article-title":"Clinical analysis of internal orbital fractures in children","volume":"17","author":"Baek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kor. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2017.18.2.128","article-title":"Pediatric orbital medial wall trapdoor fracture with normal computed tomography findings","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31821c9365","article-title":"Overview of pediatric orbital fractures","volume":"22","author":"Joshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.12.037","article-title":"Surgical management of orbital trapdoor fracture in a pediatric population","volume":"68","author":"Gerbino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.04.021","article-title":"Non-displaced pediatric orbital fracture with displacement of the inferior rectus muscle into the maxillary sinus: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Maloney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-311954","article-title":"Delayed surgical treatment of orbital trapdoor fracture in paediatric patients","volume":"103","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5121","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005121","article-title":"Forced duction training: a potential key point for recovery in pediatric patients with trapdoor fracture","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.05.016","article-title":"Biomaterials and implants for orbital floor repair","volume":"7","author":"Baino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.10.029","article-title":"Biomaterials for repair of orbital floor blowout fractures: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Gunarajah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.4.362","article-title":"Safety of silastic sheet for orbital wall reconstruction","volume":"41","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001504","article-title":"Resorbable implants for orbital fractures: a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Ramesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.08.005","article-title":"Polyester urethane implants for orbital trapdoor fracture repair in children","volume":"77","author":"Abumanhal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.09.013","article-title":"Bioresorbable poly-L\/DL-lactide (P[L\/DL]LA 70\/30) plates are reliable for repairing large inferior orbital wall bony defects: a pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Al-Sukhun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2010.91","article-title":"Repair of orbital floor fractures using bioresorbable poly-L\/DL-lactide plates","volume":"6","author":"Lieger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(96)90292-X","article-title":"Poly(L-lactide) implants for repair of human orbital floor defects: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of long-term results","volume":"54","author":"Cordewener","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80267-8","article-title":"Foreign body reactions to resorbable poly(L-lactide) bone plates and screws used for the fixation of unstable zygomatic fractures","volume":"51","author":"Bergsma","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199703000-00010","article-title":"Degradation characteristics of PLLA-PGA bone fixation devices","volume":"8","author":"Eppley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182319615","article-title":"Combined use of titanium mesh and resorbable PLLA-PGA implant in the treatment of large orbital floor fractures","volume":"22","author":"Magana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000132856.69391.43","article-title":"Resorbable PLLA-PGA plate and screw fixation in pediatric craniofacial surgery: clinical experience in 1883 patients","volume":"114","author":"Eppley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.823.173","article-title":"FEA of bioabsorbable material to repair hand fractures","volume":"823","author":"Avil\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.01.010","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of orbital trapdoor fracture in children and adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillo-Fac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000801","article-title":"Prediction of the development of late enophthalmos in pure blowout fractures: delayed orbital tissue atrophy plays a major role","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0193-1","article-title":"Generation of customized orbital implant templates using 3-dimensional printing for orbital wall reconstruction","volume":"32","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye"}],"container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X20302048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X20302048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:51:10Z","timestamp":1762530670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452199X20302048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2452199X20302048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-199X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-199X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Theoretical model of pediatric orbital trapdoor fractures and provisional personalized 3D printing-assisted surgical solution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioactive Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.08.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}