{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:54:55Z","timestamp":1793037295265,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFA0110600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0110600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T08:21:18Z","timestamp":1627374078000},"page":"411-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote the biological functions and related mechanism of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells and show improved articular cartilage regeneration activity in situ"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Liwei","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyao","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cangjian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9773-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.12.015","article-title":"Articular fibrocartilage - why does hyaline cartilage fail to repair","volume":"146","author":"Armiento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"6109","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222454","article-title":"Unlike bone, cartilage regeneration remains elusive","volume":"338","author":"Huey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0255-1","article-title":"Surgical and tissue engineering strategies for articular cartilage and meniscus repair","volume":"15","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520988069","article-title":"Five-year outcome of 1-stage cell-based cartilage repair using recycled autologous chondrons and allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells: a first-in-human clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Saris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980087","article-title":"Osteochondral allograft transplant for focal cartilage defects of the femoral condyles: clinically significant outcomes, failures, and survival at a minimum 5-year follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Gilat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980134","article-title":"Quantitative 3-T magnetic resonance imaging after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation with autologous bone grafting of the knee: the importance of subchondral bone parameters","volume":"49","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.04.018","article-title":"Cell-based tissue engineering strategies used in the clinical repair of articular cartilage","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2014.11.003","article-title":"Advanced cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration","volume":"33","author":"Madeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2017.0083","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage regeneration approach and cell senescence: can we manipulate cell aging and function","volume":"23","author":"Szychlinska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. B Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.06.009","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation: mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk4010011","article-title":"The synovium theory: can exercise prevent knee osteoarthritis? The role of \u201cmechanokines\u201d, A possible biological key","volume":"4","author":"Di Rosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030511","article-title":"Moderate physical activity as a prevention method for knee osteoarthritis and the role of synoviocytes as biological key","volume":"20","author":"Castrogiovanni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2012.0002","article-title":"Synovium-derived stem cells: a tissue-specific stem cell for cartilage engineering and regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. B Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2008.0586","article-title":"Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a new cell source for musculoskeletal regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. B Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928::AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane","volume":"44","author":"De Bari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0271","article-title":"Concise review: mesenchymal stem cells for functional cartilage tissue engineering: taking cues from chondrocyte-based constructs","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.07.008","article-title":"Endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage regeneration","volume":"114","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0902","article-title":"Endogenous repair and regeneration of injured articular cartilage: a challenging but promising therapeutic strategy","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.182","article-title":"Native joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"McGonagle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.11.001","article-title":"Articular cartilage regeneration: the role of endogenous mesenchymal stem\/progenitor cell recruitment and migration","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38715","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b11687","article-title":"In situ articular cartilage regeneration through endogenous reparative cell homing using a functional bone marrow-specific scaffolding system","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib22","first-page":"347","article-title":"Cycloastragenol as an exogenous enhancer of chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Szychlinska","year":"2020","journal-title":"A Morphological Study, Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13102369","article-title":"Evaluation of a cell-free collagen type I-based scaffold for articular cartilage regeneration in an orthotopic rat model","volume":"13","author":"Szychlinska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2018.08.002","article-title":"Advances in biological applications of self-assembled DNA tetrahedral nanostructures","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12787","article-title":"Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with framework nucleic acids","volume":"53","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30631","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b10645","article-title":"Cardioprotection of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37911","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b16518","article-title":"Tetrahedral DNA nanostructure promotes endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis via notch signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CC09397G","article-title":"Effects of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures on autophagy in chondrocytes","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib29","first-page":"1676","article-title":"The protective effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids on periodontium under inflammatory conditions","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2017.02.011","article-title":"Effect of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via activation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201602770","article-title":"Tetrahedral DNA nanostructure: a potential promoter for cartilage tissue regeneration via regulating chondrocyte phenotype and proliferation","volume":"13","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0355-z","article-title":"Design, fabrication and applications of tetrahedral DNA nanostructure-based multifunctional complexes in drug delivery and biomedical treatment","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5090","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.44270","article-title":"Biomechanically, structurally and functionally meticulously tailored polycaprolactone\/silk fibroin scaffold for meniscus regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662381","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.662381","article-title":"3D printed poly(\u03b5-caprolactone)\/meniscus extracellular matrix composite scaffold functionalized with kartogenin-releasing PLGA microspheres for meniscus tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1021\/bm7013203","article-title":"Gelatin microspheres containing TGF-beta 3 enhance the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in modified pellet culture","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.09.007","article-title":"Arthroscopic assessment of cartilage repair: a validation study of 2 scoring systems","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.65","article-title":"Ageing and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Loeser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.02.036","article-title":"The triad of nanotechnology, cell signalling, and scaffold implantation for the successful repair of damaged organs: an overview on soft-tissue engineering","volume":"332","author":"Abdollahiyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14814","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b22596","article-title":"Micropatterned biphasic nanocomposite platform for maintaining chondrocyte morphology","volume":"12","author":"Saraswat","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1576","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1576","article-title":"Advances of nanotechnology in osteochondral regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0173-3","article-title":"Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote scarless healing of cutaneous wounds via the AKT-signaling pathway","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16009","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.9","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19225","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160819225","article-title":"The regulatory role of signaling crosstalk in hypertrophy of MSCs and human articular chondrocytes","volume":"16","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.04.005","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 receptors and smads: regulatory complexity and functional versatility","volume":"27","author":"Budi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"7797","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2050-1","article-title":"Lipid availability determines fate of skeletal progenitor cells via SOX9","volume":"579","author":"van Gastel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2011.0376","article-title":"Temporal activation of \u03b2-catenin signaling in the chondrogenic process of mesenchymal stem cells affects the phenotype of the cartilage generated","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Dev."}],"container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X21003613?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X21003613?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:54:22Z","timestamp":1762530862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452199X21003613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S2452199X21003613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-199X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-199X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote the biological functions and related mechanism of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells and show improved articular cartilage regeneration activity in situ","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioactive Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.07.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}