{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:19:10Z","timestamp":1773357550039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1354275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1354275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015738","name":"Mary och Georg C. Ehrnrooths Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1348178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1348178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003397","name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010129","name":"Maud Kuistilan Muistos\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005633","name":"Syd\u00e4ntutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T19:51:34Z","timestamp":1763322694000},"page":"231-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High drug-loaded supramolecular microgels enabled by controlled in-droplet self-assembly for adaptive treatment of inflammatory arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuxian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jouni","family":"Hirvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6997-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adq1975","article-title":"An electroadhesive hydrogel interface prolongs porcine gastrointestinal mucosal theranostics","volume":"17","author":"Ying","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00810-0","article-title":"Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity","volume":"6","author":"Freedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58059-z","article-title":"Injectable bioadhesive and lubricating hydrogel with polyphenol mediated single atom nanozyme for rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41594-y","article-title":"Injectable and biodegradable piezoelectric hydrogel for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"14","author":"Vinikoor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06037-0","article-title":"Cartilage-like protein hydrogels engineered via entanglement","volume":"618","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501558","article-title":"Adaptable hydrogel networks with reversible linkages for tissue engineering","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.02.002","article-title":"Supramolecular engineering of hydrogels for drug delivery","volume":"171","author":"Bernhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.71","article-title":"Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03691-1","article-title":"Towards an arthritis flare-responsive drug delivery system","volume":"9","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55904-z","article-title":"Injectable supramolecular hydrogel co-loading abemaciclib\/NLG919 for neoadjuvant immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07580-0","article-title":"Mechanical release of homogenous proteins from supramolecular gels","volume":"631","author":"Bianco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib12","first-page":"194","article-title":"Responsive and self-healing structural color supramolecular hydrogel patch for diabetic wound treatment","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib13","article-title":"Supramolecular prodrug hydrogelator as an immune booster for checkpoint blocker-based immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202502053","article-title":"Supramolecular gels as active tools for reaction engineering","volume":"64","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33081-7","article-title":"Microgel reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel coating for blood-contacting biomedical devices","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC06296K","article-title":"Self-assembled low-molecular-weight gelator injectable microgel beads for delivery of bioactive agents","volume":"12","author":"Piras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201911404","article-title":"Self-assembling supramolecular hybrid hydrogel beads","volume":"59","author":"Piras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409362","article-title":"Affinity-controlled partitioning of biomolecules at aqueous interfaces and their bioanalytic applications","volume":"36","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57772-z","article-title":"Binary peptide coacervates as an active model for biomolecular condensates","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-021-00788-x","article-title":"A short peptide synthon for liquid-liquid phase separation","volume":"13","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202202913","article-title":"Peptide-based coacervate-core vesicles with semipermeable membranes","volume":"34","author":"Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-024-01705-8","article-title":"Coacervate vesicles assembled by liquid-liquid phase separation improve delivery of biopharmaceuticals","volume":"17","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28787-7","article-title":"High drug-loaded microspheres enabled by controlled in-droplet precipitation promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.08.007","article-title":"Dietary-timing-induced gut microbiota diurnal oscillations modulate inflammatory rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.115","article-title":"Circadian and circannual rhythms in RA","volume":"7","author":"Cutolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086561","article-title":"Overnight variations in cortisol, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 and other cytokines in people with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Perry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1039\/B314061J","article-title":"Water of hydration in coagels","volume":"6","author":"Ambrosi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa5657","article-title":"An inflammation-targeting hydrogel for local drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01223-y","article-title":"The role of the immune system in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, challenges and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Moulin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj1252","article-title":"Loss of synovial tissue macrophage homeostasis precedes rheumatoid arthritis clinical onset","volume":"10","author":"Hanlon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.6.455","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2852","article-title":"The impact of the extracellular matrix on inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Sorokin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58444-8","article-title":"Peptide-based inflammation-responsive implant coating sequentially regulates bone regeneration to enhance interfacial osseointegration","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00787-0","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Wigerblad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq4473","article-title":"Targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Neurath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00933-2","article-title":"Anti-cytokine autoantibodies: mechanistic insights and disease associations","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36625-7","article-title":"Fluorinated polyamidoamine dendrimer-mediated miR-23b delivery for the treatment of experimental rheumatoid arthritis in rats","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib38","article-title":"Recent advances in supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"3","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib39","article-title":"Tailoring materials for modulation of macrophage fate","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9562-y","article-title":"Role of particle size in phagocytosis of polymeric microspheres","volume":"25","author":"Champion","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00458-5","article-title":"Polymeric particle-based therapies for acute inflammatory diseases","volume":"7","author":"Brannon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38597-0","article-title":"An injectable liposome-anchored teriparatide incorporated gallic acid-grafted gelatin hydrogel for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl6449","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel microspheres with self-renewable hydration layers alleviate osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk6084","article-title":"Engineered MgO nanoparticles for cartilage-bone synergistic therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib45","article-title":"Polymeric microspheres with high mass fraction of therapeutics enabled by the manipulation of kinetics factor during emulsion droplet solidification","volume":"35","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00785-y","article-title":"Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00780-3","article-title":"Amelioration of post-traumatic osteoarthritis via nanoparticle depots delivering small interfering RNA to damaged cartilage","volume":"5","author":"Bedingfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-03046-7","article-title":"A ROS-responsive hydrogel encapsulated with matrix metalloproteinase-13 siRNA nanocarriers to attenuate osteoarthritis progression","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib49","article-title":"Preparation and application of enzyme-based hydrogels","volume":"23","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013_bib50","article-title":"Controlled interfacial polymer self-assembly coordinates ultrahigh drug loading and zero-order release in particles prepared under continuous flow","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X25005341?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X25005341?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:34:10Z","timestamp":1773318850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452199X25005341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2452199X25005341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-199X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-199X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High drug-loaded supramolecular microgels enabled by controlled in-droplet self-assembly for adaptive treatment of inflammatory arthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioactive Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}