{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T01:01:51Z","timestamp":1787533311035,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024313","name":"Irish Rugby Football Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020270","name":"Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ILP-POR-2024-064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ILP-POR-2024-064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012070","name":"Anatomical Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025294","name":"Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Taighde Eireann - Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPSPD\/2024\/676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPSPD\/2024\/676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T15:53:17Z","timestamp":1770652397000},"page":"724-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of a PTEN-siRNA activated scaffold to promote axonal regrowth following spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8835-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara K.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Stasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9792-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cian","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0716-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Maughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4811-3122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Dobricic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3168-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9201-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian G.","family":"Dervan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2030-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fergal J.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-023-00526-4","article-title":"Biomaterial-based regenerative therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114366","article-title":"The application of 3D-bioprinted scaffolds for neuronal regeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury \u2013 a systematic review of preclinical in vivo studies","volume":"363","author":"Szymoniuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6490","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01074","article-title":"Recent advances in the regenerative approaches for traumatic spinal cord injury: materials perspective","volume":"6","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.688","article-title":"The manufacture and characterization of biomimetic, biomaterial-based scaffolds for studying physicochemical interactions of neural cells in 3D environments","volume":"3","author":"O'Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101663","article-title":"Biomimetic scaffolds for spinal cord applications exhibit stiffness-dependent immunomodulatory and neurotrophic characteristics","volume":"11","author":"Woods","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010029","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycans in tissue engineering: a review","volume":"11","author":"Sodhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092113","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid biomaterials for central nervous system regenerative medicine","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2012.0016","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid-based scaffold for central neural tissue engineering","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.113.2.417","article-title":"The NC1 domain of type IV collagen promotes axonal growth in sympathetic neurons through interaction with the alpha 1 beta 1 integrin","volume":"113","author":"Lein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.03.024","article-title":"Fibronectin supports neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration of adult brain neurons in vitro","volume":"1453","author":"Tonge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500830","article-title":"Biomimetic scaffolds enhance iPSC astrocyte progenitor angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and neurotrophic capacity in a stiffness and matrix-dependent manner for spinal cord repair applications","author":"O'Connor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-019-00587-2","article-title":"Mechanotransduction in neuronal cell development and functioning","volume":"11","author":"Chighizola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biophysical reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.191742","article-title":"Tissue mechanics regulate brain development, homeostasis and disease","volume":"130","author":"Barnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.11.019","article-title":"Insulin\/IGF1 signaling inhibits age-dependent axon regeneration","volume":"81","author":"Byrne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202300030","article-title":"Biomaterial-based gene delivery to central nervous system cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"3","author":"McGuire","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced NanoBiomed Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0475-6","article-title":"Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology","volume":"25","author":"Courtine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523213666131125095046","article-title":"Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy, vaccination and cancer gene therapy","volume":"13","author":"Wold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320401111","article-title":"Astrocyte activation is suppressed in both normal and injured brain by FGF signaling","volume":"111","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E291","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518634113","article-title":"Highly efficient delivery of functional cargoes by the synergistic effect of GAG binding motifs and cell-penetrating peptides","volume":"113","author":"Dixon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.04.028","article-title":"Controlled release of GAG-binding enhanced transduction (GET) peptides for sustained and highly efficient intracellular delivery","volume":"57","author":"Abu-Awwad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.07.001","article-title":"PEGylated enhanced cell penetrating peptide nanoparticles for lung gene therapy","volume":"285","author":"Osman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119277","article-title":"Highly versatile cell-penetrating peptide loaded scaffold for efficient and localised gene delivery to multiple cell types: from development to application in tissue engineering","volume":"216","author":"Raftery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6171","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0183-10.2010","article-title":"Transfection techniques for neuronal cells","volume":"30","author":"Karra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.12.070","article-title":"Efficient gene transfection in the neurotypic cells by star-shaped polymer consisting of \u03b2-cyclodextrin core and poly(amidoamine) dendron arms","volume":"94","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.11.014","article-title":"Therapeutic plasmid DNA versus siRNA delivery: common and different tasks for synthetic carriers","volume":"161","author":"Scholz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2019-0321","article-title":"Perspectives, issues and solutions in RNAi therapy: the expected and the less expected","volume":"14","author":"Aigner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond.)"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2009.08.003","article-title":"Identifying druggable disease-modifying gene products","volume":"13","author":"Dixon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-018-2505-8","article-title":"A simple protocol for transfecting human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"40","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib29","first-page":"776","article-title":"Gene delivery of TGF-\u03b23 and BMP2 in an MSC-laden alginate hydrogel for articular cartilage and endochondral bone tissue engineering, tissue engineering","volume":"22","author":"Gonzalez-Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Part. Accel."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2010.67","article-title":"Angiopoiesis and bone regeneration via co-expression of the hVEGF and hBMP genes from an adeno-associated viral vector in vitro and in vivo","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901827","article-title":"Activation of the SOX-5, SOX-6, and SOX-9 trio of transcription factors using a gene-activated scaffold stimulates mesenchymal stromal cell chondrogenesis and inhibits endochondral ossification","volume":"9","author":"Raftery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27601","article-title":"SDF-1\u03b1 gene-activated collagen scaffold drives functional differentiation of human Schwann cells for wound healing applications","volume":"118","author":"Laiva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM01051E","article-title":"Development of a VEGF-activated scaffold with enhanced angiogenic and neurogenic properties for chronic wound healing applications","volume":"13","author":"Palomeque Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.05.001","article-title":"Controlling the dose-dependent, synergistic and temporal effects of NGF and GDNF by encapsulation in PLGA microparticles for use in nerve guidance conduits for the repair of large peripheral nerve defects","volume":"304","author":"Lackington","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.06.014","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of a gene-activated nerve guidance conduit incorporating non-viral PEI-pDNA nanoparticles carrying genes encoding for NGF, GDNF and c-Jun","volume":"75","author":"Lackington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"5903","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161566","article-title":"Promoting axon regeneration in the adult CNS by modulation of the PTEN\/mTOR pathway","volume":"322","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2603","article-title":"PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.12.032","article-title":"PTEN\/mTOR and axon regeneration","volume":"223","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"7377","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10594","article-title":"Sustained axon regeneration induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3","volume":"480","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9951","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1996-14.2014","article-title":"AAVshRNA-Mediated suppression of PTEN in adult rats in combination with salmon fibrin administration enables regenerative growth of corticospinal axons and enhances recovery of voluntary motor function after cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu031","article-title":"Regeneration of diabetic axons is enhanced by selective knockdown of the PTEN gene","volume":"137","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.02.012","article-title":"Conditional genetic deletion of PTEN after a spinal cord injury enhances regenerative growth of CST axons and motor function recovery in mice","volume":"266","author":"Danilov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6413","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4013-14.2015","article-title":"Effects of PTEN and nogo codeletion on corticospinal axon sprouting and regeneration in mice","volume":"35","author":"Geoffroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9754","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3637-14.2015","article-title":"Pten deletion promotes regrowth of corticospinal tract axons 1 year after spinal cord injury","volume":"35","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.05.143","article-title":"MicroRNA-494 improves functional recovery and inhibits apoptosis by modulating PTEN\/AKT\/mTOR pathway in rats after spinal cord injury","volume":"92","author":"Huaguang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib46","first-page":"3634","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA PTENP1 affects the recovery of spinal cord injury by regulating the expression of miR\u201019b and miR\u201021","volume":"235","author":"Zhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02282-0","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-26a-modified MSCs promote axonal regeneration via the PTEN\/AKT\/mTOR pathway following spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16033","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01070","article-title":"Targeting the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway in the treatment of human diseases: current status, trends, and solutions","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.03.020","article-title":"The two TORCs and Akt","volume":"12","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(03)00175-2","article-title":"PTEN: from pathology to biology","volume":"13","author":"Sulis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"Pt 20","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.051011","article-title":"mTOR signaling at a glance","volume":"122","author":"Laplante","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.4.502","article-title":"4E-BP1, a repressor of mRNA translation, is phosphorylated and inactivated by the Akt(PKB) signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Gingras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R239","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg288","article-title":"PTEN: tumour suppressor, multifunctional growth regulator and more","volume":"12","author":"Goberdhan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3330","article-title":"The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.2741\/3007","article-title":"The heparanome and regulation of cell function: structures, functions and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Ori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.10.009","article-title":"Membrane-permeable arginine-rich peptides and the translocation mechanisms","volume":"57","author":"Futaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.356","article-title":"Culturing hippocampal neurons","volume":"1","author":"Kaech","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/803930","article-title":"A modified technique for culturing primary fetal rat cortical neurons","volume":"2012","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507590","article-title":"3D printing for neural repair: bridging the gap in regenerative medicine","volume":"37","author":"St Clair-Glover","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2014.11.003","article-title":"3D in vitro modeling of the central nervous system","volume":"125","author":"Hopkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs9080400","article-title":"Non-invasive medical imaging in the evaluation of composite scaffolds in tissue engineering: methods, challenges, and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Farjaminejad","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Compos. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-00994-y","article-title":"Scaffold-based 3D cell culture models in cancer research","volume":"31","author":"Abuwatfa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16080279","article-title":"Histological processing of scaffolds: challenges and solutions","volume":"16","author":"Ragauskas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6347","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1131959100","article-title":"Specificity of short interfering RNA determined through gene expression signatures","volume":"100","author":"Semizarov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2165\/11318190-000000000-00000","article-title":"RNA interference technologies and therapeutics: from basic research to products","volume":"23","author":"L\u00f3pez-Fraga","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00034","article-title":"Empowering the NSC-34 cell line as a motor neuron model: cytosine arabinoside's action","volume":"21","author":"Vitale","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.19885","article-title":"Cell lines: valuable tools or useless artifacts","volume":"2","author":"Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib69","series-title":"Cell Culture: Primary Neural Cells","author":"Voloboueva","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1998.00223.x","article-title":"Role of Bcl-2 family proteins in apoptosis: apoptosomes or mitochondria?","volume":"3","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93928-Q","article-title":"The Bcl-2 family of proteins, and the regulation of neuronal survival","volume":"18","author":"Davies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10761","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.15.10761","article-title":"Akt\/protein kinase B up-regulates Bcl-2 expression through cAMP-response element-binding protein","volume":"275","author":"Pugazhenthi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601037","article-title":"AKT inhibition is associated with chemosensitisation in the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA-PaCa-2","volume":"89","author":"Fahy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5416","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6416","article-title":"The mTORC1 effectors S6K1 and 4E-BP play different roles in CNS axon regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2006.05.002","article-title":"Constitutive phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein via mTOR and ERK signaling in the peripheral blasts of acute leukemia patients","volume":"34","author":"Chow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib76","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry","first-page":"194","article-title":"mTOR and its downstream targets","author":"Proud","year":"2013"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28034","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.125336","article-title":"Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) activation increases axonal growth capacity of injured peripheral nerves","volume":"285","author":"Abe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23043","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28864","article-title":"MiR-92b-3p promotes neurite growth and functional recovery via the PTEN\/AKT pathway in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"234","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"6200","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/336672a0","article-title":"Development of neuronal polarity: GAP-43 distinguishes axonal from dendritic growth cones","volume":"336","author":"Goslin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(89)90279-4","article-title":"GAP-43 gene expression during development: persistence in a distinctive set of neurons in the mature central nervous system","volume":"46","author":"De la Monte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib81","series-title":"Progress in Brain Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61716-1","article-title":"Chapter 6: the expression of GAP-43 in relation to neuronal growth and plasticity: when, where, how, and why?","author":"Benowitz","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10072-2","article-title":"GAP-43: an intrinsic determinant of neuronal development and plasticity","volume":"20","author":"Benowitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.10.3537","article-title":"Growth-associated protein, GAP-43, a polypeptide that is induced when neurons extend axons, is a component of growth cones and corresponds to pp46, a major polypeptide of a subcellular fraction enriched in growth cones","volume":"83","author":"Meiri","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(87)90012-X","article-title":"The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 (B-50, F1): neuronal specificity, developmental regulation and regional distribution of the human and rat mRNAs","volume":"388","author":"Neve","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480230506","article-title":"GAP-43 as a plasticity protein in neuronal form and repair","volume":"23","author":"Strittmatter","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib86","first-page":"38","article-title":"Bcl-2 in suppressing neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"World journal of emergency medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-02-00588.1990","article-title":"Changes in the distribution of GAP-43 during the development of neuronal polarity","volume":"10","author":"Goslin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.567537","article-title":"GAP-43 and BASP1 in axon regeneration: implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091361","article-title":"Beyond the GFAP-astrocyte protein markers in the brain","volume":"11","author":"Jurga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00008","article-title":"Microglia and CNS Interleukin-1: beyond immunological concepts","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24265","article-title":"Reactive microglia are the major source of tumor necrosis factor alpha and contribute to astrocyte dysfunction and acute seizures in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"71","author":"Henning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib93","article-title":"Using the chick embryo brain as a model for in vivo and Ex vivo analyses of human glioblastoma cell behavior","volume":"195","author":"Pastorino","year":"2023","journal-title":"JoVE J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14080","article-title":"Organotypic slice culture based on in ovo electroporation for chicken embryonic central nervous system","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib95","article-title":"Chicken embryo spinal cord slice culture protocol","volume":"73","author":"Tubby","year":"2013","journal-title":"JoVE J."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11926","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182272699","article-title":"RNAi functions in cultured mammalian neurons","volume":"99","author":"Krichevsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.10.018","article-title":"Nucleic acid therapies for CNS diseases: pathophysiology, targets, barriers, and delivery strategies","volume":"352","author":"Padmakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0364-7","article-title":"Barriers to non-viral vector-mediated gene delivery in the nervous system","volume":"28","author":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9439-5","article-title":"Nonviral approaches for neuronal delivery of nucleic acids","volume":"25","author":"Bergen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210402104054","article-title":"siRNA therapeutics: future promise for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"19","author":"Amiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00898-0","article-title":"The current landscape of nucleic acid therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib102","first-page":"529","article-title":"Building blocks of the cerebral cortex: from development to the dish, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews","volume":"4","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.099","article-title":"Culturing pyramidal neurons from the early postnatal mouse hippocampus and cortex","volume":"7","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.01.020","article-title":"In vitro models of axon regeneration","volume":"287","author":"Al-Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2010.09.005","article-title":"Neuroprotection for traumatic brain injury: translational challenges and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"31","author":"Loane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31820c6878","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury results in extensive neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex","volume":"70","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31824ea078","article-title":"Moderate traumatic brain injury triggers rapid necrotic death of immature neurons in the hippocampus","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00047","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and neuronal functionality changes in sensory cortex","volume":"10","author":"Carron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00008","article-title":"Hippocampal neurophysiologic changes after mild traumatic brain injury and potential neuromodulation treatment approaches","volume":"10","author":"Girgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00840-7","article-title":"Cell death and recovery in traumatic brain injury","volume":"17","author":"Akamatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3706","article-title":"The age and genomic integrity of neurons after cortical stroke in humans","volume":"17","author":"Huttner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102742","article-title":"Altered hippocampal functional connectivity patterns in patients with cognitive impairments following ischaemic stroke: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"32","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage, Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000356438","article-title":"Hippocampal stroke","volume":"34","author":"Szabo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.06.021","article-title":"Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten knockdown attenuates cognitive deficits by inhibiting neuroinflammation in a mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorder","volume":"468","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.579011","article-title":"Preservation of GABAA receptor function by PTEN inhibition protects against neuronal death in ischemic stroke","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109117","article-title":"MiR-130a exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke through PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"117","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-022-00575-0","article-title":"Silencing of YTHDF1 attenuates cerebral stroke by inducing PTEN degradation and activating the PTEN\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2023.103855","article-title":"Deletion of PTEN in microglia ameliorates chronic neuroinflammation following repetitive mTBI","volume":"125","author":"Pearson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular and cellular neurosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1691763","article-title":"MicroRNA-23a-3p improves traumatic brain injury through modulating the neurological apoptosis and inflammation response in mice","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490350513","article-title":"Optimized survival of hippocampal neurons in B27-supplemented Neurobasal, a new serum-free medium combination","volume":"35","author":"Brewer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(96)00136-7","article-title":"Isolation and culture of adult rat hippocampal neurons","volume":"71","author":"Brewer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490420510","article-title":"Serum-free B27\/neurobasal medium supports differentiated growth of neurons from the striatum, substantia nigra, septum, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and dentate gyrus","volume":"42","author":"Brewer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/ibra.12028","article-title":"Differences between cultured cortical neurons by trypsin and papain digestion","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901870302","article-title":"Further observations on hippocampal neurons in dispersed cell culture","volume":"187","author":"Banker","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440130402","article-title":"Boundaries and inhibitory molecules in developing neural tissues","volume":"13","author":"Faissner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13275","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT signalling pathway in inflammation, cell death and glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"55","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4103-08.2009","article-title":"The Rheb-mTOR pathway is upregulated in reactive astrocytes of the injured spinal cord","volume":"29","author":"Codeluppi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.01.023","article-title":"The role of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury","volume":"278","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.04.006","article-title":"Rapamycin increases neuronal survival, reduces inflammation and astrocyte proliferation after spinal cord injury","volume":"68","author":"Goldshmit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular and cellular neurosciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.03.001","article-title":"Metabolic changes favor the activity and heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes","volume":"33","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib131","article-title":"Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Sterner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0140-4","article-title":"Lithium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation via inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 expression by activating the PI3K\/Akt\/FoxO1 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.08.008","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygala tenuifolia root through inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells","volume":"137","author":"Cheong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32124","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203298200","article-title":"The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway limits lipopolysaccharide activation of signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators in human monocytic cells","volume":"277","author":"Guha","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-310888","article-title":"Inhibition of mTOR blocks the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in myeloid immune cells","volume":"117","author":"Weichhart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-187","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor 3 plays an anti-inflammatory role in microglia by activating the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"8","author":"Tarassishin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12126","article-title":"Rapamycin unbalances the polarization of human macrophages to M1","volume":"140","author":"Mercalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-17-07537.1999","article-title":"Inactivation of Rho signaling pathway promotes CNS axon regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Lehmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06570.2002","article-title":"Rho signaling pathway targeted to promote spinal cord repair","volume":"22","author":"Dergham","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.205080","article-title":"RhoA as a target to promote neuronal survival and axon regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib141","first-page":"15769","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.01.003","article-title":"RhoA knockdown by cationic amphiphilic copolymer\/siRhoA polyplexes enhances axonal regeneration in rat spinal cord injury model","volume":"121","author":"Gwak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X2600023X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X2600023X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:27:34Z","timestamp":1778315254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452199X2600023X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":142,"alternative-id":["S2452199X2600023X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-199X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-199X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of a PTEN-siRNA activated scaffold to promote axonal regrowth following spinal cord injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioactive Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.01.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}