{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:11:53Z","timestamp":1788797513794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82522049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82522049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82402482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82402482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-1-052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24JCYBJC01840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24JCYBJC01840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:06:23Z","timestamp":1782216383000},"page":"883-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Injectable chondroitin sulfate-glycosylated decellularized extracellular matrix microgels activate Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin signaling to promote functional muscle regeneration in VML"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Siyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zujian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deling","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningbei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0333-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201102001-00007","article-title":"Volumetric muscle loss","volume":"19","author":"Grogan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2014.07.0165","article-title":"Volumetric muscle loss leads to permanent disability following extremity trauma","volume":"52","author":"Corona","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900626","article-title":"Vascularized and innervated skeletal muscle tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Gilbert-Honick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22730","article-title":"Volumetric muscle loss: persistent functional deficits beyond frank loss of tissue","volume":"33","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.150","article-title":"Regulation of muscle growth and regeneration by the immune system","volume":"17","author":"Tidball","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7455","DOI":"10.1113\/JP287326","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of bioengineered scaffolds to support skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"603","author":"O'Bryan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0174","article-title":"Adipose decellularized matrix: a promising skeletal muscle tissue engineering material for volume muscle loss","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jham.2025.100242","article-title":"Current surgical outcomes of free functional muscle transfer for Volkmann's ischemic contracture: a scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Vaile","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115347","article-title":"Advances, challenges, and future directions in the clinical translation of ECM biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications","volume":"211","author":"Capella-Monson\u00eds","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0023-x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine","volume":"3","author":"Hussey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176009","article-title":"The extracellular matrix: not just pretty fibrils","volume":"326","author":"Hynes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20230034","article-title":"Electrospun fiber-based immune engineering in regenerative medicine","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib13","series-title":"The Impact of Biomaterial Characteristics on Macrophage Phenotypes in Tissue Engineering: a Review. Plastic and Aesthetic Research","author":"Jackson","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121436","article-title":"Decellularized skeletal muscle: a versatile biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"283","author":"Philips","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/npjregenmed.2016.8","article-title":"An acellular biologic scaffold treatment for volumetric muscle loss: results of a 13-patient cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Dziki","year":"2016","journal-title":"npj Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100526-24","article-title":"Clinical application of an acellular biologic scaffold for surgical repair of a large, traumatic quadriceps femoris muscle defect","volume":"33","author":"Mase","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.07.020","article-title":"Challenges to acellular biological scaffold mediated skeletal muscle tissue regeneration","volume":"104","author":"Corona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801168","article-title":"Engineering biomimetic materials for skeletal muscle repair and regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Nakayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ae10f5","article-title":"Highly porous cryogel composed of bone matrix derived dECM and laponite for vascularized bone regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400745","article-title":"Ion-engineered microcryogels via osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling and inflammation reversing augment vascularized bone regeneration","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib21","article-title":"Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: a review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explorations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141007","article-title":"Effects of decellularization on glycosaminoglycans and collagen macromolecules in bovine bone extracellular matrix","volume":"307","author":"Trevizani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib23","first-page":"494","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-derived materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a journey from isolation to characterization and application","volume":"34","author":"Noro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071516-044610","article-title":"Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans and its implications in human health and disorders","volume":"19","author":"Soares da Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib25","first-page":"12","article-title":"The impact of biomaterial characteristics on macrophage phenotypes in tissue engineering: a review","volume":"12","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plastic and Aesthetic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaf004","article-title":"Up IGF-I via high-toughness adaptive hydrogels for remodeling growth plate of children","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.09.064","article-title":"Biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches using glycosaminoglycans for tissue repair: lessons learned from the native extracellular matrix","volume":"163","author":"Menezes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201701042","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan-based biomaterials: current trends and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Rnjak-Kovacina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad2c99","article-title":"Decellularized tissue exhibits large differences of extracellular matrix properties dependent on decellularization method: novel insights from a standardized characterization on skeletal muscle","volume":"16","author":"Terrie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.11.029","article-title":"Functional role of glycosaminoglycans in decellularized lung extracellular matrix","volume":"102","author":"Uhl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.2975","article-title":"Matrix alteration and not residual sodium dodecyl sulfate cytotoxicity affects the cellular repopulation of a decellularized matrix","volume":"12","author":"Gratzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib32","first-page":"282","article-title":"2-N, 6-O sulfated chitosan evokes periosteal stem cells for bone regeneration","volume":"34","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124308","article-title":"Sulphated polysaccharides and biomaterials: steering stem cell fate","volume":"369","author":"Bhat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.016","article-title":"Antioxidant, antiinflammatory and neuroprotective actions of chondroitin sulfate and proteoglycans","volume":"18","author":"Egea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35936","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c03171","article-title":"Chondroitin sulfate derivative cross-linking of decellularized heart valve for the improvement of mechanical properties, hemocompatibility, and endothelialization","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-018-0415-7","article-title":"The chondroitin sulfate moiety mediates thrombomodulin-enhanced adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"25","author":"Pai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib37","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Biomimetic glycosaminoglycan-based scaffolds improve skeletal muscle regeneration in a murine volumetric muscle loss model","volume":"6","author":"Narayanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119305","article-title":"Chondroitin sulfate: emerging biomaterial for biopharmaceutical purpose and tissue engineering","volume":"286","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.02.784","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine in muscle tissue: in vitro and in vivo results. A new potential treatment for muscle injuries?","volume":"26","author":"Montell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00232","article-title":"Regulation of macrophage and dendritic cell function by chondroitin sulfate in innate to antigen-specific adaptive immunity","volume":"11","author":"Hatano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4294","article-title":"Accelerated wound healing by injectable microporous gel scaffolds assembled from annealed building blocks","volume":"14","author":"Griffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102366","article-title":"Biodegradable and electroactive cryogel microspheres for neurovascularized bone regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Matter"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300927","article-title":"Integrated piezoelectric\/conductive composite cryogel creates electroactive microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.07.040","article-title":"An acellular biologic scaffold does not regenerate appreciable de novo muscle tissue in rat models of volumetric muscle loss injury","volume":"67","author":"Aurora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45764-4","article-title":"Elastic porous microspheres\/extracellular matrix hydrogel injectable composites releasing dual bio-factors enable tissue regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.044","article-title":"Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification","volume":"126","author":"Engler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.033","article-title":"Modulation of the biophysical and biochemical properties of collagen by glycation for tissue engineering applications","volume":"155","author":"Vaez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202400422","article-title":"Viscoelasticity can be tuned through covalent incorporation of chondroitin sulphate in allylated gelatin hydrogels","volume":"25","author":"Boos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.01.025","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling regulation and a role for biomolecular condensates","volume":"48","author":"Schaefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2017.11.026","article-title":"Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle development and regeneration","volume":"153","author":"Girardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.07.004","article-title":"Alteration of matrix glycosaminoglycans diminishes articular chondrocytes' response to a canonical Wnt signal","volume":"15","author":"Shortkroff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00631","article-title":"Heparan sulfate proteoglycan clustering in wnt signaling and dispersal","volume":"8","author":"Mii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib53","article-title":"Highly porous microcarriers for minimally invasive in situ skeletal muscle cell delivery","volume":"15","author":"Kankala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01421-5","article-title":"Microgels for cell delivery in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"16","author":"Xuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123192","article-title":"Micropore structure engineering of injectable granular hydrogels via controlled liquid-liquid phase separation facilitates regenerative wound healing in mice and pigs","volume":"318","author":"Guan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119632","article-title":"Efficient myotube formation in 3D bioprinted tissue construct by biochemical and topographical cues","volume":"230","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202109176","article-title":"Sulfation of glycosaminoglycan hydrogels instructs cell fate and chondral versus endochondral lineage decision of skeletal stem cells in vivo","volume":"32","author":"Chasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-2187-6-12","article-title":"Canonical Wnt signaling is involved in switching from cell proliferation to myogenic differentiation of mouse myoblast cells","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Signal."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Foreign body reaction to biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008085","article-title":"An acellular biologic scaffold promotes skeletal muscle formation in mice and humans with volumetric muscle loss","volume":"6","author":"Sicari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304087","article-title":"Bioactive nanofiber-hydrogel composite regulates regenerative microenvironment for skeletal muscle regeneration after volumetric muscle loss","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib62","first-page":"588","article-title":"Harnessing the synergy of perfusable muscle flap matrix and adipose-derived stem cells for prevascularization and macrophage polarization to reconstruct volumetric muscle loss","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122529","article-title":"Perfusable adipose decellularized extracellular matrix biological scaffold co-recellularized with adipose-derived stem cells and L6 promotes functional skeletal muscle regeneration following volumetric muscle loss","volume":"307","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322822121","article-title":"Development of porcine skeletal muscle extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels with improved properties and low immunogenicity","volume":"121","author":"Barajaa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2015.03.024","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of injectable hydrogels derived from decellularized skeletal and cardiac muscle","volume":"84","author":"Ungerleider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v023a31","article-title":"Injectable skeletal muscle matrix hydrogel promotes neovascularization and muscle cell infiltration in a hindlimb ischemia model","volume":"23","author":"DeQuach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Cell. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib67","first-page":"334","article-title":"Wet tissue adhesive polymeric powder hydrogels for skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.03.036","article-title":"A 3D cell printed muscle construct with tissue-derived bioink for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss","volume":"206","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib69","first-page":"705","article-title":"Implantation of in vitro tissue engineered muscle repair constructs and bladder acellular matrices partially restore in vivo skeletal muscle function in a rat model of volumetric muscle loss injury","volume":"20","author":"Corona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B191","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.5.B191","article-title":"Specific force deficit in skeletal muscles of old rats is partially explained by the existence of denervated muscle fibers","volume":"56","author":"Urbanchek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Bioactive Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X26003671?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452199X26003671?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:56:21Z","timestamp":1788796581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452199X26003671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S2452199X26003671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-199X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-199X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Injectable chondroitin sulfate-glycosylated decellularized extracellular matrix microgels activate Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin signaling to promote functional muscle regeneration in VML","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioactive Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2026.06.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}