{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:13:31Z","timestamp":1792592011223,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017330","name":"Foundation of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22275095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22275095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22175096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22175096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22475103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22475103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52422306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52422306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomaterials Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:42:22Z","timestamp":1766018542000},"page":"214666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microenvironment-responsive nanorobots for biomedical applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Wenge","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangcheng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101838","article-title":"Microenvironment-responsive nanocarriers for targeted bone disease therapy","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17488","article-title":"Advances in drug delivery systems, challenges and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Ezike","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.001","article-title":"Targeting strategies for tissue-specific drug delivery","volume":"181","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00740-5","article-title":"Challenges in nanomedicine clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"Metselaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2023.09.013","article-title":"Cell-based intelligent micro\/nanorobots for precise regulation and active biotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matter"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00779","article-title":"The use of alternative strategies for enhanced nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors","volume":"121","author":"Izci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3330","article-title":"Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery","volume":"33","author":"Blanco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.12.017","article-title":"Directional mast cell degranulation of tumor necrosis factor into blood vessels primes neutrophil extravasation","volume":"54","author":"Dudeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103836","article-title":"Tumor-microenvironment-responsive nanomedicine for enhanced cancer immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121551","article-title":"Micro\/nanorobots for precise drug delivery via targeted transport and triggered release: a review","volume":"616","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12573","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02781","article-title":"Chemotactic NO\/H2S nanomotors realizing cardiac targeting of G-CSF against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0060","article-title":"A nitric-oxide driven chemotactic nanomotor for enhanced immunotherapy of glioblastoma","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0065","article-title":"Trends in micro-\/nanorobotics: materials development, actuation, localization, and system integration for biomedical applications","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17151","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c02182","article-title":"Review of the applications of micro\/nanorobots in biomedicine","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202100347","article-title":"Engineering nanorobots for tumor-targeting drug delivery: from dynamic control to stimuli-responsive strategy","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3776","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Mura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.4c00480","article-title":"Breaking through physiological barriers: nanorobotic strategies for active drug delivery","volume":"36","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00317","article-title":"The platelet response to tissue injury","volume":"5","author":"Eisinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306191","article-title":"Chemotactic micro\/nanomotors for biomedical applications","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0100","article-title":"Microenvironment-responsive nanomedicines: a promising direction for tissue regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02200-x","article-title":"Microenvironment of pancreatic inflammation: calling for nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","article-title":"The evolving tumor microenvironment: from cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth","volume":"41","author":"de Visser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-02818-x","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: from bench to bedside","volume":"42","author":"Sinha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034627","article-title":"The acidic tumor microenvironment as a driver of cancer","volume":"82","author":"Boedtkjer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3784","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in biological systems: pathways, associated diseases, and potential inhibitors\u2014a review","volume":"12","author":"Rauf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00979-4","article-title":"Targeting ROS in cancer: rationale and strategies","volume":"23","author":"Glorieux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301455","article-title":"Tumor-specific peroxynitrite overproduction disrupts metabolic homeostasis for sensitizing melanoma immunotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0140","article-title":"Sustained release of nitric oxide and cascade generation of reactive nitrogen\/oxygen species via an injectable hydrogel for tumor synergistic therapy","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001277","article-title":"Designing hypoxia-responsive nanotheranostic agents for tumor imaging and therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0406-2","article-title":"Lactate modulation of immune responses in inflammatory versus tumour microenvironments","volume":"21","author":"Certo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12070665","article-title":"Micro\/nanorobot: a promising targeted drug delivery system","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10083","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00432A","article-title":"Controlled propulsion of micro\/nanomotors: operational mechanisms, motion manipulation and potential biomedical applications","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13424","DOI":"10.1021\/ja047697z","article-title":"Catalytic nanomotors: autonomous movement of striped nanorods","volume":"126","author":"Paxton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08404","article-title":"Ultrafast directional Janus Pt\u2013mesoporous silica nanomotors for smart drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"D\u00edez","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151777","article-title":"Mesoporous organosilica-platinum Janus nanomotor coordinated by charge reversal for deep tumor penetration and promoted chemotherapy","volume":"490","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.11.037","article-title":"Multi-phoretic nanomotor with consistent motion direction for enhanced cancer therapy","volume":"191","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202104403","article-title":"Self-propelled asymmetrical nanomotor for self-reported gas therapy","volume":"17","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0190","article-title":"Enzyme-powered nanomotors with enhanced cell uptake and lysosomal escape for combined therapy of cancer","volume":"27","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13910","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c03652","article-title":"Black titania Janus mesoporous nanomotor for enhanced tumor penetration and near-infrared light-triggered photodynamic therapy","volume":"18","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303259","article-title":"Nitric oxide: physiological functions, delivery, and biomedical applications","volume":"10","author":"Andrabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0205","article-title":"Bio-inspired nitric-oxide-driven nanomotor","volume":"10","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.06.021","article-title":"Nanogel-based nitric oxide-driven nanomotor for deep tissue penetration and enhanced tumor therapy","volume":"372","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12025","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c03071","article-title":"Deep penetration of nanolevel drugs and micrometer-level T cells promoted by nanomotors for cancer immunochemotherapy","volume":"143","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202201406","article-title":"Engineered exosomes with independent module\/cascading function for therapy of Parkinson\u2019s disease by multistep targeting and multistage intervention method","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.11.2479","article-title":"Expression of multiple isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in normal and atherosclerotic vessels","volume":"17","author":"Wilcox","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3201.092284","article-title":"Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression contributes to myocardial dysfunction and higher mortality after myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"104","author":"Feng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202203238","article-title":"Lipophilic NO-driven nanomotors as drug balloon coating for the treatment of atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01681-7","article-title":"Oral mitochondrial transplantation using nanomotors to treat ischaemic heart disease","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206654","article-title":"A universal chemotactic targeted delivery strategy for inflammatory diseases","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13339","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c03177","article-title":"Nitric oxide nanomotor driving exosomes-loaded microneedles for Achilles tendinopathy healing","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0255","article-title":"Spherical DNA nanomotors enable ultrasensitive detection of active enzymes in extracellular vesicles for cancer diagnosis","volume":"64","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR07813K","article-title":"Base excision repair-inspired DNA motor powered by intracellular apurinic\/apyrimidinic endonuclease","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0265","article-title":"Self-propelled proteomotors with active cell-free mtDNA clearance for enhanced therapy of sepsis-associated acute lung injury","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1039\/C2AN15780B","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of urea in human urine and serum by1H nuclear magnetic resonance","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02328-3","article-title":"Urea cycle dysregulation: a new frontier in cancer metabolism and immune evasion","volume":"23","author":"Shou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0155","article-title":"Janus-structured micro\/nanomotors: self-propelled mechanisms and biomedical applications","volume":"29","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202002767","article-title":"LipoBots: using liposomal vesicles as protective shell of urease-based Nanomotors","volume":"30","author":"Hortel\u00e3o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6023","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c00548","article-title":"Ultrasmall enzyme-powered Janus nanomotor working in blood circulation system","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6683","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b09726","article-title":"Urease-powered polydopamine nanomotors for intravesical therapy of bladder diseases","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0300","first-page":"54","article-title":"Bioinspired urease-powered micromotor as an active oral drug delivery carrier in stomach","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112353","article-title":"Photothermal interference urease-powered polydopamine nanomotor for enhanced propulsion and synergistic therapy","volume":"212","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202300879","article-title":"pH-sensitive glucose-powered nanomotors for enhanced intracellular drug delivery and ferroptosis efficiency","volume":"19","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5374","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c01324","article-title":"Poly(l-cysteine) peptide amphiphile derivatives containing disulfide bonds: synthesis, self-assembly-induced \u03b2-sheet nanostructures, pH\/reduction dual response, and drug release","volume":"22","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21121715","article-title":"Recent advances in stimuli-responsive release function drug delivery systems for tumor treatment","volume":"21","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00002","article-title":"Recent progress in nanostructured smart drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: a review","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17862","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR05316K","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive nucleic acid nanostructures for efficient drug delivery","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122109","article-title":"Enzyme-powered Janus nanomotors launched from intratumoral depots to address drug delivery barriers","volume":"375","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404402","article-title":"Bottle nanomotors amplify tumor oxidative stress for enhanced calcium overload\/chemodynamic therapy","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12639","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR06162H","article-title":"Monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles modulate local pH and inhibit tumor growth in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Som","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.201900418","article-title":"Degradable nanomotors using platinum deposited complex of calcium carbonate and hyaluronate nanogels for targeted drug delivery","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Part. Part. Syst. Charact."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08079","article-title":"Biodegradable hybrid stomatocyte nanomotors for drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12171","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b06706","article-title":"Enzyme-powered gated mesoporous silica nanomotors for on-command intracellular payload delivery","volume":"13","author":"Llopis-Lorente","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202308589","article-title":"Biomedical metal\u2013organic framework materials: perspectives and challenges","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0370","article-title":"MOFBOTS: metal\u2013organic-framework-based biomedical microrobots","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0375","article-title":"Light-directed self-powered metal-organic framework based nanorobots for deep tumor penetration","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300358b","article-title":"Disulfide-cleavage-triggered chemosensors and their biological applications","volume":"113","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128880","article-title":"Glutathione-mediated nanomedicines for cancer diagnosis and therapy","volume":"426","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7620","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201703276","article-title":"Redox-sensitive stomatocyte nanomotors: destruction and drug release in the presence of glutathione","volume":"56","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.10.028","article-title":"Dual responsive drug-loaded nanomotor based on zwitterionic materials for the treatment of peritoneal metastatic cancer","volume":"679","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"87","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13164","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC07250K","article-title":"Stimulus-responsive nanomotors based on gated enzyme-powered Janus Au\u2013mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced cargo delivery","volume":"55","author":"Llopis-Lorente","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110314","article-title":"H2S and NIR light-driven nanomotors induce disulfidptosis for targeted anticancer therapy by enhancing disruption of tumor metabolic symbiosis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2024.08.019","article-title":"Metabolic intervention mitochondria nanomotors breakdown redox homeostasis for boosting oxidative stress-dependent antitumor therapy","volume":"80","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202308909","article-title":"Crosstalk between hepatic glutathione efflux and tumor targeting efficiency of indocyanine green-conjugated gold nanoparticles","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.105405","article-title":"Preparation of GSH-responsive nanoparticles for combined chemo-photothermal therapy codelivering 6-MP and Ce6","volume":"93","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0425","article-title":"GSH-responsive polymeric micelles-based augmented photoimmunotherapy synergized with PD-1 blockade for eliciting robust antitumor immunity against colon tumor","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2025.118241","article-title":"Oxidative complexity: the role of ROS in the tumor environment and therapeutic implications","volume":"127","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700141","article-title":"ROS-responsive polyprodrug nanoparticles for triggered drug delivery and effective cancer therapy","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2019.05.023","article-title":"Movable hollow nanoparticles as reactive oxygen scavengers","volume":"5","author":"Lian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6745","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NR00062A","article-title":"pH\/ROS-responsive propelled nanomotors for the active treatment of renal injury","volume":"15","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.069","article-title":"Delivery of small interfering RNA by hydrogen sulfide-releasing nanomotor for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"377","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204881","article-title":"Arthritic microenvironment actuated nanomotors for active rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2674","article-title":"Self-propelled supramolecular nanomotors with temperature-responsive speed regulation","volume":"9","author":"Tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10354","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c00401","article-title":"Enzyme-powered hollow nanorobots for active microsampling enabled by thermoresponsive polymer gating","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c10391","article-title":"Kinetics-controlled super-assembly of asymmetric porous and hollow carbon nanoparticles as light-sensitive smart nanovehicles","volume":"144","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200112","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: fabrication and biomedical applications","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"View"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-019-0165-3","article-title":"Bioactuators based on stimulus-responsive hydrogels and their emerging biomedical applications","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/25\/2\/027001","article-title":"Magnetic actuated pH-responsive hydrogel-based soft micro-robot for targeted drug delivery","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB00760F","article-title":"Magnetically controlled reversible shape-morphing microrobots with real-time X-ray imaging for stomach cancer applications","volume":"10","author":"Darmawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12464","article-title":"Swarming magnetic photonic-crystal microrobots with on-the-fly visual pH detection and self-regulated drug delivery","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"InfoMat"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18048","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c06651","article-title":"Environmentally adaptive shape-morphing microrobots for localized cancer cell treatment","volume":"15","author":"Xin","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.133070","article-title":"pH-responsive glucose-powered Janus polymer brushes nanomotors for drug delivery and controlled release","volume":"684","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201808900","article-title":"Superassembled biocatalytic porous framework micromotors with reversible and sensitive pH-speed regulation at ultralow physiological H2O2 concentration","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0515","article-title":"Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0520","article-title":"Machine learning accelerates the materials discovery","volume":"33","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0525","article-title":"AI4Materials: transforming the landscape of materials science and enigneering","volume":"1","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0530","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-powered materials science","volume":"17","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Micro Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105125","article-title":"Micromotor for removal\/detection of blood copper ion","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2019.2960530","article-title":"Automated in vivo navigation of magnetic-driven microrobots using OCT imaging feedback","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900709","article-title":"High-resolution SPECT imaging of stimuli-responsive soft microrobots","volume":"15","author":"Iacovacci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0550","article-title":"Advanced biofabrication techniques of muscle cell-powered biohybrid robots","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Extreme Manuf."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16145049","article-title":"Use of insect-derived chitosan for the removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater: process optimization using a central composite design","volume":"16","author":"Ben Amor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-05063-2","article-title":"Green synthesis of ZnO@SiO2 nanoparticles using Calligonum comosum L. extract: an efficient approach for organic pollutant degradation in wastewater","volume":"15","author":"Gharbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-023-02946-6","article-title":"Efficient treatment of oily wastewater, antibacterial activity, and photodegradation of organic dyes using biosynthesized Ag@Fe3O4 nanocomposite","volume":"47","author":"Hasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-023-02976-x","article-title":"Plant extract-mediated synthesis of CuO nanoparticles from lemon peel extract and their modification with polyethylene glycol for enhancing photocatalytic and antioxidant activities","volume":"32","author":"Kir","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-05046-3","article-title":"Green synthesis of \u03b1-Fe2O3 and \u03b1-Fe2O3@Ag NC for degradation of rose Bengal and antimicrobial activity","volume":"15","author":"Zouari Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"}],"container-title":["Biomaterials Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772950825004935?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772950825004935?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T22:05:48Z","timestamp":1771538748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772950825004935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":115,"alternative-id":["S2772950825004935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-9508"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-9508","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microenvironment-responsive nanorobots for biomedical applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomaterials Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214666","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"214666"}}