{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:23:41Z","timestamp":1792077821342,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T07:48:56Z","timestamp":1160034536000},"page":"497-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Apoptosis in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shao Chin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazib","family":"Pervaiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.293","article-title":"Transgenic expression of dominant-negative Fas-associated death domain protein in beta cells protects against Fas ligand-induced apoptosis and reduces spontaneous diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"175","author":"Allison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209504","article-title":"SUMO modification of Sam68 enhances its ability to repress cyclin D1 expression and inhibits its ability to induce apoptosis","volume":"25","author":"Babic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1288.054","article-title":"Caspase 7 is a positional candidate gene for IDDM 17 in a Bedouin Arab family","volume":"1005","author":"Babu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(98)00064-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis: Involvement of mitochondrial mediators","volume":"11","author":"Bosca","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.6.1509","article-title":"Diabetes due to a progressive defect in beta-cell mass in rats transgenic for human islet amyloid polypeptide (HIP Rat): A new model for Type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Butler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.1.102","article-title":"Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with Type 2 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Butler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7008","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.7008","article-title":"Role of calcium in pancreatic islet cell death by IFN-gamma\/TNF-alpha","volume":"172","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1274","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I\/IGF-binding protein-3 complex: Therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of protection against Type 1 diabetes","volume":"145","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S97","article-title":"Mechanisms of pancreatic {beta}-cell death in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: Many differences, few similarities","volume":"54","author":"Cnop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200210270-00001","article-title":"Simvastatin induces activation of the serine\u2013threonine protein kinase AKT and increases survival of isolated human pancreatic islets","volume":"74","author":"Contreras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80405-5","article-title":"Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery","volume":"91","author":"Datta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.01.005","article-title":"Emerging role of protein kinase B\/Akt signaling in pancreatic \u03b2-cell mass and function","volume":"38","author":"Elghazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.6.1290","article-title":"High glucose causes apoptosis in cultured human pancreatic islets of Langerhans: A potential role for regulation of specific Bcl family genes toward an apoptotic cell death program","volume":"50","author":"Federici","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096706","article-title":"A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2","volume":"304","author":"George","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.019","article-title":"Apoptotic pathways: Ten minutes to dead","volume":"121","author":"Green","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.2.331","article-title":"Initiation of autoimmune diabetes by developmentally regulated presentation of islet cell antigens in the pancreatic lymph nodes","volume":"189","author":"Hoglund","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-1380","article-title":"Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated with ApoCIII gene haplotypes","volume":"55","author":"Hokanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-0727","article-title":"A polymorphism in the AMPKalpha2 subunit gene is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population","volume":"55","author":"Horikoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01225-0","article-title":"Association of the polymorphisms in the 5\u2032-untranslated region of PTEN gene with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population","volume":"554","author":"Ishihara","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib20","first-page":"2792","article-title":"Linkage of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene to type 1 diabetes","volume":"86","author":"Johannesen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24794","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401216200","article-title":"RyR2 and calpain-10 delineate a novel apoptosis pathway in pancreatic islets","volume":"279","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10090","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403551101","article-title":"Apolipoprotein CIII promotes Ca2+-dependent beta cell death in type 1 diabetes","volume":"101","author":"Juntti-Berggren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-006-0410-9","article-title":"A novel 111\/121 diplotype in the Calpain-10 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1365","article-title":"Diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese: Evidence for familial clustering and parental effects","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.646","article-title":"Factors predicting the age when Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in Hong Kong Chinese subjects","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000187458.77026.10","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by increasing recruitment of p38 MAPK to TAB1 in the ischemic heart","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6678","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0079","article-title":"Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by rosiglitazone protects human islet cells against human islet amyloid polypeptide toxicity by a phosphatidylinositol 3\u2032-kinase-dependent pathway","volume":"90","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.5.1437","article-title":"Prolonged exposure to free fatty acids has cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects on human pancreatic islets: Evidence that beta-cell death is caspase mediated, partially dependent on ceramide pathway, and Bcl-2 regulated","volume":"51","author":"Lupi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.8.1683","article-title":"Glucose induces beta-cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas(CD95) receptor in human islets","volume":"50","author":"Maedler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0150","article-title":"Pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients have functional defects and increased apoptosis that are ameliorated by metformin","volume":"89","author":"Marchetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.09.007","article-title":"Animal models of Type 2 diabetes with reduced pancreatic \u03b2-cell mass","volume":"38","author":"Masiello","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364300","article-title":"Association of a microsatellite in FASL to type II diabetes and of the FAS-670G>A genotype to insulin resistance","author":"Nolsoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes and immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02970.x","article-title":"The role of Fas(CD95) ligand in beta cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes of NOD mice","volume":"958","author":"Petrovsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0205-111","article-title":"Assessing the validity of the association between the SUMO4 M55V variant and risk of type 1 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Qu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","article-title":"Role of insulin resistance in human disease","volume":"37","author":"Reaven","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-3558-z","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 protects human pancreatic islets against cytokine-induced apoptosis via down-regulation of the Fas receptor","volume":"11","author":"Riachy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1701","article-title":"Replication increases beta-cell vulnerability to human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis","volume":"52","author":"Ritzel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2002.196","article-title":"Amylin-induced cytotoxicity is associated with activation of caspase-3 and MAP kinases","volume":"383","author":"Rumora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.6.7523","article-title":"Cytokines induce both necrosis and apoptosis via a common Bcl-2-inhibitable pathway in rat insulin-producing cells","volume":"141","author":"Saldeen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.6.1675","article-title":"Two CD95 (APO-1\/Fas) signaling pathways","volume":"16","author":"Scaffidi","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.8.1193","article-title":"Nitric oxide primes pancreatic beta cells for Fas(CD95)-mediated destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"186","author":"Stassi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1912-2","article-title":"Nitric oxide contributes to cytokine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells via potentiation of JNK activity and inhibition of Akt","volume":"48","author":"Storling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6199","article-title":"PTEN modulates cell cycle progression and cell survival by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5,-trisphosphate and Akt\/protein kinase B signaling pathway","volume":"96","author":"Sun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.1.1","article-title":"Neonatal beta-cell apoptosis: A trigger for autoimmune diabetes?","volume":"49","author":"Trudeau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1787","article-title":"Total insulin and IGF-I resistance in pancreatic beta cells causes overt diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Ueki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi228","article-title":"Diallyl trisulfide, a constituent of processed garlic, inactivates Akt to trigger mitochondrial translocation of BAD and caspase-mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells","volume":"27","author":"Xiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00894-7","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by human amylin in RINm5F islet beta-cells is associated with enhanced expression of p53 and p21WAF1\/CIP1","volume":"455","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25046","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002526200","article-title":"Growth factors inactivate the cell death promoter BAD by phosphorylation of its BH3 domain on Ser155","volume":"275","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272506002676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272506002676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T06:23:49Z","timestamp":1761200629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1357272506002676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["S1357272506002676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Apoptosis in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}