{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:30:28Z","timestamp":1792197028163,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":227,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T22:56:23Z","timestamp":1369695383000},"page":"2333-2347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":295,"title":["Myostatin\/activin pathway antagonism: Molecular basis and therapeutic potential"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"H.Q.","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Mitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred L.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420174","article-title":"Cancer cachexia is regulated by selective targeting of skeletal muscle gene products","volume":"114","author":"Acharyya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3810","article-title":"Targeting the TGFbeta signalling pathway in disease","volume":"11","author":"Akhurst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.162","article-title":"The effects of a soluble activin type IIB receptor on obesity and insulin sensitivity","volume":"33","author":"Akpan","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90780.2008","article-title":"Effects of spaceflight on murine skeletal muscle gene expression","volume":"106","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7027","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706678200","article-title":"Identification of a novel pool of extracellular pro-myostatin in skeletal muscle","volume":"283","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07015-8","article-title":"Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"349","author":"Anker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890410017467","article-title":"Cardiac cachexia","volume":"36","author":"Anker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00229","article-title":"Making sense of latent TGFbeta activation","volume":"116","author":"Annes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/med.2610120605","article-title":"The role of cytokines in muscle wasting: its relation with cancer cachexia","volume":"12","author":"Argiles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medicinal Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0410173","article-title":"The ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system and skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"41","author":"Attaix","year":"2005","journal-title":"Essays in Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e3283196ac2","article-title":"Role of the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy in cachexia","volume":"2","author":"Attaix","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1720-5","article-title":"Changes in myostatin signaling in non-weight-losing cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"Aversa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00117-6","article-title":"Activin A serum levels and aging of the pituitary\u2013gonadal axis: a cross-sectional study in middle-aged and elderly healthy subjects","volume":"36","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62047-0","article-title":"Activin controls skin morphogenesis and wound repair predominantly via stromal cells and in a concentration-dependent manner via keratinocytes","volume":"167","author":"Bamberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100842","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease causes defects in signaling through the insulin receptor substrate\/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway: implications for muscle atrophy","volume":"17","author":"Bailey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118566","article-title":"The acidosis of chronic renal failure activates muscle proteolysis in rats by augmenting transcription of genes encoding proteins of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway","volume":"97","author":"Bailey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.02.029","article-title":"Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle","volume":"37","author":"Bechet","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.12.123","article-title":"Acute inhibition of myostatin-family proteins preserves skeletal muscle in mouse models of cancer cachexia","volume":"391","author":"Benny Klimek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011307","article-title":"Postnatal PPARdelta activation and myostatin inhibition exert distinct yet complimentary effects on the metabolic profile of obese insulin-resistant mice","volume":"5","author":"Bernardo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2004.02.010","article-title":"Autocrine\/paracrine regulation of pituitary function by activin, inhibin and follistatin","volume":"225","author":"Bilezikjian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01073","article-title":"Pituitary actions of ligands of the TGF-beta family: activins and inhibins","volume":"132","author":"Bilezikjian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.6.8243277","article-title":"Activin-A regulates follistatin secretion from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells","volume":"133","author":"Bilezikjian","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2174\/1876528901104010090","article-title":"The local control of the pituitary by activin signaling and modulation","volume":"4","author":"Bilezikjian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Neuroendocrinology Journal"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2010.02126.x","article-title":"Identification of the myostatin locus (MSTN) as having a major effect on optimum racing distance in the Thoroughbred horse in the USA","volume":"41","author":"Binns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Animal Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03788.x","article-title":"Inhibin, activin, and follistatin in human fetal pituitary and gonadal physiology","volume":"943","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0130","first-page":"3957","article-title":"Inhibition of myostatin reverses muscle fibrosis through apoptosis","volume":"125","author":"Bo Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","article-title":"Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"294","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01154","article-title":"Functional improvement of dystrophic muscle by myostatin blockade","volume":"420","author":"Bogdanovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2796com","article-title":"Myostatin propeptide-mediated amelioration of dystrophic pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Bogdanovich","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8051631","article-title":"Protein-energy wasting and mortality in chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Bonanni","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1644","article-title":"The genetic origin and history of speed in the Thoroughbred racehorse","volume":"3","author":"Bower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19460","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.113092","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha or 1beta overexpression inhibits muscle protein degradation, induction of ubiquitin ligases, and disuse atrophy","volume":"285","author":"Brault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1973","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00200.2011","article-title":"Myostatin from the heart: local and systemic actions in cardiac failure and muscle wasting","volume":"300","author":"Breitbart","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0049-z","article-title":"Myostatin blockage using actRIIB antagonism in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma results in the improvement of muscle wasting and physical performance","volume":"3","author":"Busquets","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0175","first-page":"R601","article-title":"Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is fiber-type specific and increases during hindlimb unloading","volume":"277","author":"Carlson","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-0926-2","article-title":"Overexpression of activin A in oral squamous cell carcinoma: association with poor prognosis and tumor progression","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34855-X","article-title":"The metabolic fates of amino acids and the formation of glutamine in skeletal muscle","volume":"253","author":"Chang","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19926","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810339105","article-title":"Paradoxical effects of increased expression of PGC-1alpha on muscle mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism","volume":"105","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1810","article-title":"A mutation creating a potential illegitimate microRNA target site in the myostatin gene affects muscularity in sheep","volume":"38","author":"Clop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.5.2.2341","article-title":"Control of hepatic differentiation by activin\/TGFbeta signaling","volume":"5","author":"Clotman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00242-5","article-title":"Origin of symptoms in patients with cachexia with special reference to weakness and shortness of breath","volume":"85","author":"Coats","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2003.10.008","article-title":"High concentrations of activin A in the peritoneal fluid of women with epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"11","author":"Cobellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200901052","article-title":"During muscle atrophy, thick, but not thin, filament components are degraded by MuRF1-dependent ubiquitylation","volume":"185","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201110067","article-title":"Ubiquitylation by Trim32 causes coupled loss of desmin, Z-bands, and thin filaments in muscle atrophy","volume":"198","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.01970.x","article-title":"Muscle myostatin signalling is enhanced in experimental cancer cachexia","volume":"38","author":"Costelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1650157","article-title":"Increased maternal serum activin A but not follistatin levels in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders","volume":"165","author":"D\u2019Antona","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2005.10.007","article-title":"Stem cells in postnatal myogenesis: molecular mechanisms of satellite cell quiescence, activation and replenishment","volume":"15","author":"Dhawan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00347.2003","article-title":"Invited review: aging and sarcopenia","volume":"95","author":"Doherty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18330","article-title":"Activation of caspase 3 is an initial step triggering muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions","volume":"113","author":"Du","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28608A","article-title":"Skeletal muscle loss: cachexia, sarcopenia, and inactivity","volume":"91","author":"Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: a new definition","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.209","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms and treatment options in cancer cachexia","volume":"10","author":"Fearon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.01.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Fielding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585","article-title":"A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"73","author":"Fouque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06575-11","article-title":"Blockade of the activin receptor IIb activates functional brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism","volume":"32","author":"Fournier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21944","article-title":"Soluble activin receptor type IIB increases forward pulling tension in the mdx mouse","volume":"43","author":"George Carlson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq039","article-title":"Myostatin activation in patients with advanced heart failure and after mechanical unloading","volume":"12","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.04.018","article-title":"Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signaling pathways","volume":"37","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0300","first-page":"225","article-title":"Signaling pathways perturbing muscle mass","volume":"13","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008715","article-title":"Relationship between cortisone and muscle work in determining muscle size","volume":"200","author":"Goldberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251541198","article-title":"Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific F-box protein highly expressed during muscle atrophy","volume":"98","author":"Gomes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14938","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14938","article-title":"Organization of the human myostatin gene and expression in healthy men and HIV-infected men with muscle wasting","volume":"95","author":"Gonzalez-Cadavid","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00515-9","article-title":"Antagonism of activin by inhibin and inhibin receptors: a functional role for betaglycan-glycan","volume":"180","author":"Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00141-4","article-title":"Muscle mass, survival, and the elderly ICU patient","volume":"12","author":"Griffiths","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr024","article-title":"Increased plasma myostatin in heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Gruson","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0335","first-page":"579","article-title":"Recombinant myostatin (GDF-8) propeptide enhances the repair and regeneration of both muscle and bone in a model of deep penetrant musculoskeletal injury","volume":"69","author":"Hamrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e32834bddf9","article-title":"Targeting the myostatin signaling pathway to treat muscle wasting diseases","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0345","first-page":"2125","article-title":"Serum immunoreactive activin A levels in normal subjects and patients with various diseases","volume":"81","author":"Harada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.882068","article-title":"Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure","volume":"121","author":"Heineke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.1.1.93","article-title":"Atrophy of the heart; a correlative study of 85 proved cases","volume":"1","author":"Hellerstein","year":"1950","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90320-4","article-title":"Follistatin, an antagonist of activin, is expressed in the Spemann organizer and displays direct neuralizing activity","volume":"77","author":"Hemmati-Brivanlou","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2065","article-title":"Activin A stimulates AKR1C3 expression and growth in human prostate cancer","volume":"153","author":"Hofland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.05.009","article-title":"Myostatin inhibition slows muscle atrophy in rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0051-5","article-title":"The role of insulin resistance in the development of muscle wasting during cancer cachexia","volume":"3","author":"Honors","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/71709","article-title":"A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"24","author":"Hsieh-Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0385","first-page":"3059","article-title":"Endogenous glucocorticoids and impaired insulin signaling are both required to stimulate muscle wasting under pathophysiological conditions in mice","volume":"119","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.524","article-title":"Both low muscle mass and low fat are associated with higher all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"77","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0395","first-page":"295","article-title":"Activin: a novel player in tissue repair processes","volume":"14","author":"Hubner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Histology and Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0400","first-page":"311","article-title":"Activin A: a novel player and inflammatory marker in inflammatory bowel disease?","volume":"77","author":"Hubner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M772","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.12.M772","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia and predictors of skeletal muscle mass in healthy, older men and women","volume":"57","author":"Iannuzzi-Sucich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197402)33:2<568::AID-CNCR2820330236>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Proceedings: causes of death in cancer patients","volume":"33","author":"Inagaki","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x","article-title":"The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705971104","article-title":"Activin A is a critical component of the inflammatory response, and its binding protein, follistatin, reduces mortality in endotoxemia","volume":"104","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.07.016","article-title":"Serum myostatin levels and skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"106","author":"Ju","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980911)77:6<860::AID-IJC11>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Concomitant over-expression of activin\/inhibin beta subunits and their receptors in human pancreatic cancer","volume":"77","author":"Kleeff","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0134","article-title":"A soluble activin receptor type IIb prevents the effects of androgen deprivation on body composition and bone health","volume":"151","author":"Koncarevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27390","article-title":"Outcome predictability of biomarkers of protein-energy wasting and inflammation in moderate and advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"90","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.11.049","article-title":"Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) as a connector of muscle energy metabolism and protein synthesis","volume":"376","author":"Koyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.12.012","article-title":"Niche regulation of muscle satellite cell self-renewal and differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Kuang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59581","article-title":"Satellite cell senescence underlies myopathy in a mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2H","volume":"122","author":"Kudryashova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8193","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2102","article-title":"Regulation of protein catabolism by muscle-specific and cytokine-inducible ubiquitin ligase E3alpha-II during cancer cachexia","volume":"64","author":"Kwak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.52","article-title":"The initiation factor eIF3-f is a major target for atrogin1\/MAFbx function in skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"27","author":"Lagirand-Cantaloube","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1670417","article-title":"Myostatin and insulin-like growth factor-I and -II expression in the muscle of rats exposed to the microgravity environment of the NeuroLab space shuttle flight","volume":"167","author":"Lalani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5417","article-title":"Secretion of activin A in recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Lambert-Messerlian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gynecologic Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0849fje","article-title":"Regulation of myostatin by glucocorticoids after thermal injury","volume":"15","author":"Lang","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49831","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204291200","article-title":"Myostatin inhibits myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression","volume":"277","author":"Langley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L50","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00048.2010","article-title":"Lack of CCR7 induces pulmonary hypertension involving perivascular leukocyte infiltration and inflammation","volume":"301","author":"Larsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.10.035","article-title":"Inhibition of activin receptor type IIB increases strength and lifespan in myotubularin-deficient mice","volume":"178","author":"Lawlor","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp068","article-title":"Myostatin inhibition enhances the effects of exercise on performance and metabolic outcomes in aged mice","volume":"64","author":"LeBrasseur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006010083","article-title":"Protein degradation by the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway in normal and disease states","volume":"17","author":"Lecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0610com","article-title":"Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression","volume":"18","author":"Lecker","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.124","article-title":"Myostatin induces autophagy in skeletal muscle in vitro","volume":"415","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0520","first-page":"E2353","article-title":"Role of satellite cells versus myofibers in muscle hypertrophy induced by inhibition of the myostatin\/activin signaling pathway","volume":"109","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151270098","article-title":"Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000127211.86206.E1","article-title":"Regulation of muscle protein degradation: coordinated control of apoptotic and ubiquitin\u2013proteasome systems by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826711402735","article-title":"Exercise training leads to a reduction of elevated myostatin levels in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Lenk","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/35006129","article-title":"Betaglycan binds inhibin and can mediate functional antagonism of activin signalling","volume":"404","author":"Lewis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00114.2011","article-title":"Myostatin promotes the wasting of human myoblast cultures through promoting ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway-mediated loss of sarcomeric proteins","volume":"301","author":"Lokireddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C512","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00402.2011","article-title":"Identification of atrogin-1-targeted proteins during the myostatin-induced skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"5","author":"Lokireddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.10.005","article-title":"The ubiquitin ligase Mul1 induces mitophagy in skeletal muscle in response to muscle-wasting stimuli","volume":"16","author":"Lokireddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.15.1.1.4","article-title":"Serum activin A levels in males and females during pubertal development","volume":"15","author":"Luisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E363","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00487.2002","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with upregulation of myostatin gene expression","volume":"285","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0570","first-page":"e204","article-title":"An unusual appearance of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma","volume":"53","author":"Mak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0019-5","article-title":"Wasting in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Mak","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.001","article-title":"FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Mammucari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5905","article-title":"Downstream of Akt: FoxO3 and mTOR in the regulation of autophagy in skeletal muscle","volume":"4","author":"Mammucari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/35043051","article-title":"How cells read TGF-beta signals","volume":"1","author":"Massague","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3434","article-title":"TGFbeta signalling in context","volume":"13","author":"Massague","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8817","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.19.8817","article-title":"Development of cancer cachexia-like syndrome and adrenal tumors in inhibin-deficient mice","volume":"91","author":"Matzuk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.9.2.493","article-title":"Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"9","author":"Mauro","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112344","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism","volume":"77","author":"May","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112924","article-title":"Mechanisms for defects in muscle protein metabolism in rats with chronic uremia: the influence of metabolic acidosis","volume":"79","author":"May","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201112-2210ED","article-title":"Activin A: a mediator governing inflammation, immunity, and repair","volume":"185","author":"Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200207056","article-title":"Myostatin negatively regulates satellite cell activation and self-renewal","volume":"162","author":"McCroskery","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2007.09.012","article-title":"Myostatin signals through Pax7 to regulate satellite cell self-renewal","volume":"314","author":"McFarlane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C195","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00012.2011","article-title":"Human myostatin negatively regulates human myoblast growth and differentiation","volume":"301","author":"McFarlane","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl064","article-title":"Patients receiving maintenance dialysis have more severe functionally significant skeletal muscle wasting than patients with dialysis-independent chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"McIntyre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/387083a0","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member","volume":"387","author":"McPherron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12457","article-title":"Double muscling in cattle due to mutations in the myostatin gene","volume":"94","author":"McPherron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S602","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000279194.11328.77","article-title":"Role of glucocorticoids in the molecular regulation of muscle wasting","volume":"35","author":"Menconi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612193352507","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle wasting. The role of the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway","volume":"335","author":"Mitch","year":"1996","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1132","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.5.C1132","article-title":"Evaluation of signals activating ubiquitin\u2013proteasome proteolysis in a model of muscle wasting","volume":"276","author":"Mitch","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117208","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis stimulates muscle protein degradation by activating the ATP-dependent pathway involving ubiquitin and proteasomes","volume":"93","author":"Mitch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21743","article-title":"Activin IIB receptor blockade attenuates dystrophic pathology in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"42","author":"Morine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.113504","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"137","author":"Morley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.04.014","article-title":"Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Morley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i44","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmr063","article-title":"Sarcopenia in the elderly","volume":"29","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.02.017","article-title":"A soluble activin type IIB receptor improves function in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"217","author":"Morrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030079","article-title":"A mutation in the myostatin gene increases muscle mass and enhances racing performance in heterozygote dogs","volume":"3","author":"Mosher","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R716","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00121.2011","article-title":"Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition enhances muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice","volume":"301","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01183.2010","article-title":"Acute antibody-directed myostatin inhibition attenuates disuse muscle atrophy and weakness in mice","volume":"110","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-159608","article-title":"Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition in 21-mo-old mice reveals novel roles for myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle structure and function","volume":"24","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090932","article-title":"Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition improves diaphragm pathology in young but not adult dystrophic mdx mice","volume":"176","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.3.549","article-title":"Serum concentrations of dimeric inhibins, activin A, gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids during the menstrual cycle in older women","volume":"15","author":"Muttukrishna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02476.x","article-title":"Uterine vein and maternal urinary levels of activin A and inhibin A in pre-eclampsia patients","volume":"64","author":"Muttukrishna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09264-1","article-title":"Activin A and inhibin A as possible endocrine markers for pre-eclampsia","volume":"349","author":"Muttukrishna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28520","article-title":"Muscular atrophy of caveolin-3-deficient mice is rescued by myostatin inhibition","volume":"116","author":"Ohsawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11249","article-title":"Activin A induces cell proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Ota","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6350","article-title":"Production of activin A in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the human endometrium","volume":"83","author":"Otani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecologic Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051316","article-title":"Age-dependent effect of myostatin blockade on disease severity in a murine model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy","volume":"168","author":"Parsons","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00630.x","article-title":"Platelet inhibition limits TGF-beta overexpression and matrix expansion after induction of anti-thy1 glomerulonephritis","volume":"65","author":"Peters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.178","article-title":"The p97\/VCP ATPase is critical in muscle atrophy and the accelerated degradation of muscle proteins","volume":"31","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00276.x","article-title":"Nutrition in CAPD: serum bicarbonate and the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system in muscle","volume":"61","author":"Pickering","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00490.2009","article-title":"Testosterone represses ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and Murf-1 expression in an androgen-sensitive rat skeletal muscle in vivo","volume":"108","author":"Pires-Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.071","article-title":"Targeting the activin type IIB receptor to improve muscle mass and function in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"178","author":"Pistilli","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689910104","article-title":"Sequential metabolic changes following induction of systemic inflammatory response in patients with severe sepsis or major blunt trauma","volume":"24","author":"Plank","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0382OC","article-title":"Cellular markers of muscle atrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"42","author":"Plant","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-180968","article-title":"Muscle actin is polyubiquitinylated in vitro and in vivo and targeted for breakdown by the E3 ligase MuRF1","volume":"25","author":"Polge","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63216-6","article-title":"Activin a in the regulation of corneal neovascularization and vascular endothelial growth factor expression","volume":"164","author":"Poulaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118968","article-title":"Muscle wasting in insulinopenic rats results from activation of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway by a mechanism including gene transcription","volume":"98","author":"Price","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0594-z","article-title":"Muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system and its clinical impact","volume":"23","author":"Rajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1086","article-title":"Myostatin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leukemia inhibitory factor mRNAs are upregulated in chronic human disuse muscle atrophy","volume":"24","author":"Reardon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/rr67","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and muscle wasting: a cellular perspective","volume":"2","author":"Reid","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8512","article-title":"Serum and tissue expression of activin a in postmenopausal women with breast cancer","volume":"87","author":"Reis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00497-X","article-title":"The contribution of inhibins and activins to malignant prostate disease","volume":"180","author":"Risbridger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn426","article-title":"Delivery of recombinant follistatin lessens disease severity in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"18","author":"Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2011.03.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance","volume":"27","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.10.050","article-title":"A PGC-1alpha isoform induced by resistance training regulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy","volume":"151","author":"Ruas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6604com","article-title":"Rapid disuse and denervation atrophy involve transcriptional changes similar to those of muscle wasting during systemic diseases","volume":"21","author":"Sacheck","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E591","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00073.2004","article-title":"IGF-I stimulates muscle growth by suppressing protein breakdown and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1","volume":"4","author":"Sacheck","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3","article-title":"Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Sandri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0865","first-page":"160","article-title":"Signaling in muscle atrophy and hypertrophy","volume":"23","author":"Sandri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00529-9","article-title":"Decreased inhibin tone and increased activin A secretion characterize reproductive aging in women","volume":"71","author":"Santoro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1248","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00104.2009","article-title":"Smad2 and 3 transcription factors control muscle mass in adulthood","volume":"296","author":"Sartori","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0606","article-title":"Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy","volume":"197","author":"Schakman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-4","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt\/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models","volume":"1","author":"Schiaffino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.53","article-title":"Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"82","author":"Schols","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040933","article-title":"Myostatin mutation associated with gross muscle hypertrophy in a child","volume":"350","author":"Schuelke","year":"2004","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00066-0","article-title":"Pax7 is required for the specification of myogenic satellite cells","volume":"102","author":"Seale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.09.026","article-title":"Regulation of the mTOR complex 1 pathway by nutrients, growth factors, and stress","volume":"40","author":"Sengupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0910","article-title":"Myostatin knockout drives browning of white adipose tissue through activating the AMPK-PGC1alpha-Fndc5 pathway in muscle","author":"Shan","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199907)180:1<1::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Myostatin, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, is expressed in heart muscle and is upregulated in cardiomyocytes after infarct","volume":"180","author":"Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01718.x","article-title":"Myostatin expression in ventricular myocardium in a rat model of volume-overload heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Shyu","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0089","article-title":"Biological activity of follistatin isoforms and follistatin-like-3 is dependent on differential cell surface binding and specificity for activin, myostatin, and bone morphogenetic proteins","volume":"147","author":"Sidis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1335","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00379.2012","article-title":"The worsening of tibialis anterior muscle atrophy during recovery post-immobilization correlates with enhanced connective tissue area, proteolysis, and apoptosis","volume":"303","author":"Slimani","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22324","article-title":"Muscle-specific expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 blocks angiotensin II-induced skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"115","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0940","first-page":"265","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines and skeletal muscle","volume":"7","author":"Spate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.50.3.1","article-title":"Inhibin resistance is associated with aggressive tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Steller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00211-4","article-title":"The IGF-1\/PI3K\/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors","volume":"14","author":"Stitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001532","article-title":"Work-induced changes in skeletal muscle IGF-1 and myostatin gene expression in uremia","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0960","first-page":"875","article-title":"Activin A inhibits growth-inhibitory signals by TGF-beta1 in differentiated human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds068","article-title":"Circulating activin-A is elevated in patients with advanced multiple myeloma and correlates with extensive bone involvement and inferior survival; no alterations post-lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy","volume":"23","author":"Terpos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/08977190109029114","article-title":"GDF-8 propeptide binds to GDF-8 and antagonizes biological activity by inhibiting GDF-8 receptor binding","volume":"18","author":"Thies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.11.4374","article-title":"Expression and localization of activin subunits and follistatins in tissues from men with high grade prostate cancer","volume":"82","author":"Thomas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc927","article-title":"Cachexia in cancer patients","volume":"2","author":"Tisdale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2008","article-title":"Mechanisms of cancer cachexia","volume":"89","author":"Tisdale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1258","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00105.2009","article-title":"Myostatin reduces Akt\/TORC1\/p70S6K signaling, inhibiting myoblast differentiation and myotube size","volume":"296","author":"Trendelenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-7-15","article-title":"Activin signaling as an emerging target for therapeutic interventions","volume":"7","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Communication and Signaling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5124","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911929107","article-title":"Activin A promotes multiple myeloma-induced osteolysis and is a promising target for myeloma bone disease","volume":"107","author":"Vallet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1315.023","article-title":"Activins and inhibins and their signaling","volume":"1038","author":"Vale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0089-z","article-title":"From muscle wasting to sarcopenia and myopenia: update 2012","volume":"3","author":"von Haehling","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4160","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0251","article-title":"Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: Activation of the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.1.103","article-title":"Modulation of myostatin expression during modified muscle use","volume":"14","author":"Wehling","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.3.409","article-title":"Overexpression of activin A in stage IV colorectal cancer","volume":"49","author":"Wildi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2534946100","article-title":"Activation of latent myostatin by the BMP-1\/tolloid family of metalloproteinases","volume":"100","author":"Wolfman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504739","article-title":"Recombinant human inhibin A and recombinant human activin A regulate pituitary and ovarian function in the adult female rat","volume":"132","author":"Woodruff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.52.030190.004111","article-title":"Regulation of inhibin synthesis in the rat ovary","volume":"52","author":"Woodruff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28608B","article-title":"Review of muscle wasting associated with chronic kidney disease","volume":"91","author":"Workeneh","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1050","first-page":"343","article-title":"Serum myostatin-immunoreactive protein is increased in 60-92 year old women and men with muscle wasting","volume":"6","author":"Yarasheski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90719.2008","article-title":"Elevated levels of activin A in clinical and experimental pulmonary hypertension","volume":"106","author":"Yndestad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000120704.97934.41","article-title":"Elevated levels of activin A in heart failure: potential role in myocardial remodeling","volume":"109","author":"Yndestad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1065","first-page":"75","article-title":"Clinical significance of the expression of activin A in esophageal carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9631-1","article-title":"Activin a causes cancer cell aggressiveness in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells","volume":"15","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1075","first-page":"169","article-title":"Production of activin A and its roles in inflammation and hematopoiesis","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokines, Cellular and Molecular Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1080","first-page":"11","article-title":"Plasma myostatin-immunoreactive protein is increased after prolonged bed rest with low-dose T3 administration","volume":"6","author":"Zachwieja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Gravitational Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2079-7","article-title":"Myostatin-deficient mice exhibit reduced insulin resistance through activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2304-4","article-title":"Inhibition of myostatin protects against diet-induced obesity by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and promoting a brown adipose phenotype in mice","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008060628","article-title":"IL-6 and serum amyloid A synergy mediates angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009060571","article-title":"Satellite cell dysfunction and impaired IGF-1 signaling contribute to muscle atrophy in chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-176917","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin suppresses systemic inflammation and muscle atrophy in mice with chronic kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6649","article-title":"Regulation of growth and prostatic marker expression by activin A in an androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCAP","volume":"234","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.004","article-title":"FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic\/lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-151480","article-title":"FOXO3a mediates signaling crosstalk that coordinates ubiquitin and atrogin-1\/MAFbx expression during glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.011","article-title":"Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival","volume":"142","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069525","article-title":"Induction of cachexia in mice by systemically administered myostatin","volume":"296","author":"Zimmers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019_bib1135","first-page":"3590","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta 1 induces cachexia and systemic fibrosis without an antitumor effect in nude mice","volume":"51","author":"Zugmaier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Research"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272513001635?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272513001635?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T06:54:28Z","timestamp":1761202468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1357272513001635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":227,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1357272513001635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Myostatin\/activin pathway antagonism: Molecular basis and therapeutic potential","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}