{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T11:49:58Z","timestamp":1792324198458,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T02:16:01Z","timestamp":1372644961000},"page":"2245-2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Triggers and mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"R.C.J.","family":"Langen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.R.","family":"Gosker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.H.V.","family":"Remels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.W.J.","family":"Schols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6518","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006518","article-title":"Limb immobilization induces a coordinate down-regulation of mitochondrial and other metabolic pathways in men and women","volume":"4","author":"Abadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.017640","article-title":"NF-kappaB activation and iNOS upregulation in skeletal muscle of patients with COPD and low body weight","volume":"59","author":"Agusti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2108013","article-title":"Skeletal muscle apoptosis and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"166","author":"Agusti","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199910)22:10<1350::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Myonuclear domains in muscle adaptation and disease","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.10.015","article-title":"Leucine limitation regulates myf5 and myoD expression and inhibits myoblast differentiation","volume":"318","author":"Averous","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10122807","article-title":"Peak exercise response in relation to tissue depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"10","author":"Baarends","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032193","article-title":"Total free living energy expenditure in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"155","author":"Baarends","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128008","article-title":"Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD","volume":"33","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0045","first-page":"808","article-title":"Inflammatory cells and apoptosis in respiratory and limb muscles of patients with COPD","volume":"111","author":"Barreiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9711023","article-title":"Peripheral muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"158","author":"Bernard","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","article-title":"Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"294","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22538","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022538","article-title":"STAT3 activation in skeletal muscle links muscle wasting and the acute phase response in cancer cachexia","volume":"6","author":"Bonetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111020","article-title":"Central nervous system inflammation induces muscle atrophy via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"208","author":"Braun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.240267","article-title":"The time course of the adaptations of human muscle proteome to bed rest and the underlying mechanisms","volume":"590","author":"Brocca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.027","article-title":"IKKbeta\/NF-kappaB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice","volume":"119","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0080","first-page":"952","article-title":"Comparative assessment of the quadriceps and the diaphragm in patients with COPD","volume":"107","author":"Caron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200305-617OC","article-title":"Effects of testosterone and resistance training in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"170","author":"Casaburi","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-011-1210-x","article-title":"Chronic hypobaric hypoxia mediated skeletal muscle atrophy: role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and calpains","volume":"364","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1224","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia on glucose, insulin, glucagon, and modulation by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 in the rat","volume":"148","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9808075","article-title":"Characterization of nonresponse to high caloric oral nutritional therapy in depleted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"161","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00841-9","article-title":"Efficacy of nutritional supplementation therapy in depleted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"19","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9912016","article-title":"Disturbances in leptin metabolism are related to energy imbalance during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"162","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01867.x","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and disuse in vastus lateralis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"37","author":"Crul","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1159\/000303054","article-title":"Gene expression profiling in vastus lateralis muscle during an acute exacerbation of COPD","volume":"25","author":"Crul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00945-X","article-title":"Emergent assessment and management of acute respiratory failure in COPD","volume":"15","author":"Curtis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinics in Chest Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12086","article-title":"Effect of acute environmental hypoxia on protein metabolism in human skeletal muscle","volume":"208","author":"D\u2019Hulst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.43.12.965","article-title":"Supplemental oxygen and exercise ability in chronic obstructive airways disease","volume":"43","author":"Davidson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0348-4","article-title":"TNF alpha receptor genotype influences smoking-induced muscle-fibre-type shift and atrophy in mice","volume":"115","author":"De Paepe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200906-051JS","article-title":"Ubiquitination and proteolysis in limb and respiratory muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"7","author":"Debigare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.83","article-title":"Catabolic\/anabolic balance and muscle wasting in patients with COPD","volume":"124","author":"Debigare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E312","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v31i5.4882","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation 2007: from bench to practice and back","volume":"31","author":"Decramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Medecine Clinique et Experimentale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.6.8665061","article-title":"Functional and histologic picture of steroid-induced myopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"153","author":"Decramer","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16332","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313931200","article-title":"Hypoxia inhibits myogenic differentiation through accelerated MyoD degradation","volume":"279","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.5.7952575","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"150","author":"Di Francia","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2009.05.014","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and cellular mechanisms of myopathy","volume":"117","author":"Dirks-Naylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21526","article-title":"Ros-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and Foxo during muscle disuse","volume":"41","author":"Dodd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7537com","article-title":"TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a potent skeletal muscle-wasting cytokine","volume":"21","author":"Dogra","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200408-1054OC","article-title":"Exacerbations and time spent outdoors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"171","author":"Donaldson","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-704OC","article-title":"Muscle atrophy and hypertrophy signaling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"176","author":"Doucet","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-164152","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced muscle catabolism via coordinate activation of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways","volume":"25","author":"Doyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/10425170500226474","article-title":"Cloning and sequence analysis of myostatin promoter in sheep","volume":"16","author":"Du","year":"2005","journal-title":"DNA Sequence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.8.2008109","article-title":"Inflammatory response and body composition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"164","author":"Eid","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00858.x","article-title":"Physical performance and muscular characteristics in different stages of COPD","volume":"19","author":"Eliason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.2002045","article-title":"Enhanced levels of whole-body protein turnover in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"162","author":"Engelen","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07101793","article-title":"Nutritional depletion in relation to respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscle function in out-patients with COPD","volume":"7","author":"Engelen","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(98)80024-1","article-title":"Different patterns of chronic tissue wasting among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"18","author":"Engelen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1480","article-title":"Factors contributing to alterations in skeletal muscle and plasma amino acid profiles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"72","author":"Engelen","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1659","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00550.2009","article-title":"Downregulation of Akt\/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in skeletal muscle is associated with increased REDD1 expression in response to chronic hypoxia","volume":"298","author":"Favier","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00137211","article-title":"Does oxidative stress modulate limb muscle atrophy in severe COPD patients?","author":"Fermoselle","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0250","first-page":"CD000998","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1150OC","article-title":"A critical role for muscle ring finger-1 in acute lung injury-associated skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"185","author":"Files","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0539","article-title":"Myostatin gene deletion prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy","volume":"148","author":"Gilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.04.018","article-title":"Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signaling pathways","volume":"37","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1139\/H09-137","article-title":"Little change in markers of protein breakdown and oxidative stress in humans in immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"35","author":"Glover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0275","first-page":"E383","article-title":"Sites of protein conservation and loss during starvation: influence of adiposity","volume":"246","author":"Goodman","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.113","article-title":"Muscle fiber type IIX atrophy is involved in the loss of fat-free mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"76","author":"Gosker","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00012803","article-title":"Myopathological features in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Gosker","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0312OC","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mouse model of chronic cigarette smoke exposure","volume":"40","author":"Gosker","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5488.2363","article-title":"NF-kappaB-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia","volume":"289","author":"Guttridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100695","article-title":"Leucine induces myofibrillar protein accretion in cultured skeletal muscle through mTOR dependent and -independent control of myosin heavy chain mRNA levels","volume":"56","author":"Haegens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0305","first-page":"1493","article-title":"Skeletal muscle responses to lower limb suspension in humans","volume":"72","author":"Hather","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.09.008","article-title":"Myostatin up-regulation is associated with the skeletal muscle response to hypoxic stimuli","volume":"332","author":"Hayot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0943","article-title":"Increased secretion and expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle from extremely obese women","volume":"58","author":"Hittel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-8-25","article-title":"A prospective study of decline in fat free mass and skeletal muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Hopkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024846","article-title":"Morphological adaptations of human skeletal muscle to chronic hypoxia","volume":"11","author":"Hoppeler","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0330","first-page":"3059","article-title":"Endogenous glucocorticoids and impaired insulin signaling are both required to stimulate muscle wasting under pathophysiological conditions in mice","volume":"119","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0335","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Role of autophagy in COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction","volume":"114","author":"Hussain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1760425","article-title":"Prolonged underfeeding of sheep increases myostatin and myogenic regulatory factor Myf-5 in skeletal muscle while IGF-I and myogenin are repressed","volume":"176","author":"Jeanplong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1228fje","article-title":"Disuse atrophy and exercise rehabilitation in humans profoundly affects the expression of genes associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle mass","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.07.016","article-title":"Serum myostatin levels and skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"106","author":"Ju","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.02.013","article-title":"Resting energy expenditure and protein turnover are increased in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"60","author":"Kao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0360","first-page":"579","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle","volume":"104","author":"Kollias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6665com","article-title":"The ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4 targets Notch1 in skeletal muscle and distinguishes the subset of atrophies caused by reduced muscle tension","volume":"21","author":"Koncarevic","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.08.017","article-title":"REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage response 1) expression in skeletal muscle as a surrogate biomarker of the efficiency of glucocorticoid receptor blockade","volume":"412","author":"Kumari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11160","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111334109","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites in myotubes identifies gene networks modulating insulin signaling","volume":"109","author":"Kuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-9-11","article-title":"Plasma leptin and insulin-like growth factor I levels during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Kythreotis","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0119OC","article-title":"NF-kappa B activation is required for the transition of pulmonary inflammation to muscle atrophy","volume":"47","author":"Langen","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0103OC","article-title":"Muscle wasting and impaired muscle regeneration in a murine model of chronic pulmonary inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Langen","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0251com","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits myogenic differentiation through MyoD protein destabilization","volume":"18","author":"Langen","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.017","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth control and disease","volume":"149","author":"Laplante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01518.2011","article-title":"Mapk signalling in the quadriceps of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Lemire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200309","article-title":"Downregulation of the serum response factor\/miR-1 axis in the quadriceps of patients with COPD","volume":"67","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0415","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Skeletal muscle adaptations to testosterone and resistance training in men with COPD","volume":"103","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1165","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1165","article-title":"NF-kappaB mediates the protein loss induced by TNF-alpha in differentiated skeletal muscle myotubes","volume":"279","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.01.010","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced energy stress regulates mRNA translation and cell growth","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09176.x","article-title":"Operation Everest II: structural adaptations in skeletal muscle in response to extreme simulated altitude","volume":"142","author":"MacDougall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2640573","article-title":"Effects of clenbuterol and propranolol on muscle mass. Evidence that clenbuterol stimulates muscle beta-adrenoceptors to induce hypertrophy","volume":"264","author":"MacLennan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.05857-11","article-title":"O2 regulates skeletal muscle progenitor differentiation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/AKT signaling","volume":"32","author":"Majmundar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.10.848","article-title":"Oxidative enzyme activities of the vastus lateralis muscle and the functional status in patients with COPD","volume":"55","author":"Maltais","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00032510","article-title":"Quadriceps myostatin expression in COPD","volume":"36","author":"Man","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080660","article-title":"Exercise and muscle dysfunction in COPD: implications for pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"117","author":"Man","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Science (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0460","first-page":"635","article-title":"Cellular and molecular responses of human skeletal muscle exposed to hypoxic environment","volume":"25","author":"Mancinelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00104504","article-title":"Differential effects of emphysema on skeletal muscle fibre atrophy in hamsters","volume":"23","author":"Mattson","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C195","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00012.2011","article-title":"Human myostatin negatively regulates human myoblast growth and differentiation","volume":"301","author":"McFarlane","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090533","article-title":"AMPK-mediated regulation of transcription in skeletal muscle","volume":"118","author":"McGee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Science (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2144","article-title":"Inflammatory and satellite cells in the quadriceps of patients with COPD and response to resistance training","volume":"142","author":"Menon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0275","article-title":"Decreased exercise-induced expression of nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated genes in muscle of patients with COPD","volume":"139","author":"Mercken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2008.1009","article-title":"Skeletal muscle adaptations to prolonged exposure to extreme altitude: a role of physical activity","volume":"9","author":"Mizuno","year":"2008","journal-title":"High Altitude Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308253090814","article-title":"Muscle proteolysis in sepsis or trauma","volume":"309","author":"Moldawer","year":"1983","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0750415","article-title":"Muscle wasting in emphysema","volume":"75","author":"Morrison","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Science (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0829","article-title":"Tissue depletion and health related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"94","author":"Mostert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0510","first-page":"249","article-title":"Physiological control of muscle mass in humans during resistance exercise, disuse and rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Murton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046427","article-title":"The ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 participates in denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice","volume":"7","author":"Nagpal","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1252","article-title":"Systemic manifestations of COPD","volume":"139","author":"Nussbaumer-Ochsner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.01.022","article-title":"Expression of priming-associated cellular markers on neutrophils during an exacerbation of COPD","volume":"100","author":"Oudijk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.034009","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in COPD visualised by gene profiling in peripheral blood neutrophils","volume":"60","author":"Oudijk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0535","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Synergistic stimulation of myogenesis by glucocorticoid and IGF-I signaling","volume":"114","author":"Pansters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.05.009","article-title":"Post burn muscle wasting and the effects of treatments","volume":"37","author":"Pereira","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000207793","article-title":"Increased serum inflammatory markers in the absence of clinical and skeletal muscle inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"78","author":"Piehl-Aulin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.3.536","article-title":"Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD","volume":"129","author":"Pitta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0382OC","article-title":"Cellular markers of muscle atrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"42","author":"Plant","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0560","first-page":"240","article-title":"Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy: cause or consequence","volume":"15","author":"Powers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.11.061","article-title":"Protection against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy is related to modulation by testosterone of FOXO1 and PGC-1alpha","volume":"403","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0570","first-page":"396","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone and ACTH-cortisol control during acute hypoxemia and exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"133","author":"Raff","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.163","article-title":"Atrophy, hypertrophy, and hypoxemia induce transcriptional regulators of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the rat heart","volume":"342","author":"Razeghi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0580","first-page":"1253","article-title":"The mechanisms of cachexia underlying muscle dysfunction in COPD","volume":"114","author":"Remels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5857","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909570107","article-title":"Hypoxia converts the myogenic action of insulin-like growth factors into mitogenic action by differentially regulating multiple signaling pathways","volume":"107","author":"Ren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2011.644359","article-title":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is not activated in the quadriceps of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Riddoch-Contreras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012772931313","article-title":"Bcl-2\/Bax protein expression in heart, slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles in young rats growing under chronic hypoxia conditions","volume":"226","author":"Riva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1678","article-title":"Bone attenuation on routine chest CT correlates with bone mineral density on DXA in patients with COPD","volume":"27","author":"Romme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1009","article-title":"Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K\/Akt\/mTOR and PI(3)K\/Akt\/GSK3 pathways","volume":"3","author":"Rommel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2174\/156652409788167131","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy through multiple independent hypoxic signaling pathways","volume":"9","author":"Rouschop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.4.829","article-title":"Greater whole-body myofibrillar protein breakdown in cachectic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"83","author":"Rutten","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3","article-title":"Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Sandri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1594","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I gene transfer by electroporation prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in glucocorticoid-treated rats","volume":"146","author":"Schakman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0439","article-title":"Role of Akt\/GSK-3beta\/beta-catenin transduction pathway in the muscle anti-atrophy action of insulin-like growth factor-I in glucocorticoid-treated rats","volume":"149","author":"Schakman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.53","article-title":"Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"82","author":"Schols","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.4.9811033","article-title":"Plasma leptin is related to proinflammatory status and dietary intake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"160","author":"Schols","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.5.1151","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of nutritional depletion in patients with stable COPD eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"147","author":"Schols","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551381","article-title":"Physiologic effects of nutritional support and anabolic steroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"152","author":"Schols","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17303370","article-title":"Dose dependent increased mortality risk in COPD patients treated with oral glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Schols","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C38","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00315.2009","article-title":"FOXO signaling is required for disuse muscle atrophy and is directly regulated by Hsp70","volume":"298","author":"Senf","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E715","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.4.E715","article-title":"4E-BP1 and S6K1: translational integration sites for nutritional and hormonal information in muscle","volume":"279","author":"Shah","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology \u2013 Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.11.001","article-title":"Reconciling data from transgenic mice that overexpress IGF-I specifically in skeletal muscle","volume":"15","author":"Shavlakadze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Growth Hormone and IGF Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.01.001","article-title":"Crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor and nutritional sensor mTOR in skeletal muscle","volume":"13","author":"Shimizu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00170111","article-title":"Quadriceps wasting and physical inactivity in patients with COPD","volume":"40","author":"Shrikrishna","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.063313","article-title":"A single bout of exercise activates skeletal muscle satellite cells during subsequent overnight recovery","volume":"97","author":"Snijders","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.040527","article-title":"Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"60","author":"Soler-Cataluna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.10.008","article-title":"Moving towards a new generation of animal models for asthma and COPD with improved clinical relevance","volume":"130","author":"Stevenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00211-4","article-title":"The IGF-1\/PI3K\/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors","volume":"14","author":"Stitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051238","article-title":"Aging affects the transcriptional regulation of human skeletal muscle disuse atrophy","volume":"7","author":"Suetta","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.9903022","article-title":"The relationship between chronic hypoxemia and activation of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"161","author":"Takabatake","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2004175","article-title":"A novel pathophysiologic phenomenon in cachexic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the relationship between the circadian rhythm of circulating leptin and the very low-frequency component of heart rate variability","volume":"163","author":"Takabatake","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201009-1535OC","article-title":"Impact of exacerbations on emphysema progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"183","author":"Tanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903664","article-title":"TLR4 activation is required for IL-17-induced multiple tissue inflammation and wasting in mice","volume":"185","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21955","article-title":"TNF-alpha-mediated reduction in PGC-1alpha may impair skeletal muscle function after cigarette smoke exposure","volume":"222","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805800","article-title":"A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"359","author":"Tashkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0740","first-page":"902","article-title":"Skeletal muscle proteolysis in response to short-term unloading in humans","volume":"105","author":"Tesch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39124","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039124","article-title":"Satellite cells senescence in limb muscle of severe patients with COPD","volume":"7","author":"Theriault","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.3.1211","article-title":"Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor induces cachexia, anemia, and inflammation","volume":"167","author":"Tracey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1258","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00105.2009","article-title":"Myostatin reduces Akt\/TORC1\/p70S6K signaling, inhibiting myoblast differentiation and myotube size","volume":"296","author":"Trendelenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200908-1203OC","article-title":"Resistance training prevents deterioration in quadriceps muscle function during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"181","author":"Troosters","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002129","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002129","article-title":"A systems biology approach identifies molecular networks defining skeletal muscle abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"7","author":"Turan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0770","article-title":"Metabolic profiling detects biomarkers of protein degradation in COPD patients","author":"Ubhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49860","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049860","article-title":"Hypoxia increases mouse satellite cell clone proliferation maintaining both in vitro and in vivo heterogeneity and myogenic potential","volume":"7","author":"Urbani","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.040774","article-title":"The influence of abdominal visceral fat on inflammatory pathways and mortality risk in obstructive lung disease","volume":"96","author":"van den Borst","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-114249","article-title":"The IkappaB kinases IKKalpha and IKKbeta are necessary and sufficient for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"23","author":"Van Gammeren","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000228331.13123.53","article-title":"Exercise-induced systemic effects in muscle-wasted patients with COPD","volume":"38","author":"van Helvoort","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C995","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00520.2010","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is required for the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"301","author":"Verhees","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10102264","article-title":"Effects of an acute exacerbation on nutritional and metabolic profile of patients with COPD","volume":"10","author":"Vermeeren","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2202023","article-title":"Local and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors are increased in sputum","volume":"166","author":"Vernooy","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary","volume":"187","author":"Vestbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0815","first-page":"79","article-title":"Body mass, fat-free body mass, and prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a random population sample: findings from the Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"173","author":"Vestbo","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00112909","article-title":"Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on muscle remodelling in cachectic patients with COPD","volume":"36","author":"Vogiatzis","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.069310","article-title":"Effects of rehabilitative exercise on peripheral muscle TNFalpha, IL-6, IGF-I and MyoD expression in patients with COPD","volume":"62","author":"Vogiatzis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-33","article-title":"Level of daily physical activity in individuals with COPD compared with healthy controls","volume":"12","author":"Vorrink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E785","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00646.2007","article-title":"The glucocorticoid receptor and FOXO1 synergistically activate the skeletal muscle atrophy-associated MuRF1 gene","volume":"295","author":"Waddell","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology \u2013 Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0840","first-page":"391","article-title":"Appetite at high altitude [Operation Everest III (Comex-\u201997)]: a simulated ascent of Mount Everest","volume":"87","author":"Westerterp-Plantenga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E95","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00397.2004","article-title":"Acute treatment with TNF-alpha attenuates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis in cultures of C2C12 myotubes through a MEK1-sensitive mechanism","volume":"289","author":"Williamson","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology \u2013 Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0850","first-page":"E668","article-title":"Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting","volume":"264","author":"Wing","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181844e79","article-title":"Resistance exercise increases postprandial muscle protein synthesis in humans","volume":"41","author":"Witard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2501","article-title":"Hypoxia signalling through mTOR and the unfolded protein response in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Wouters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200706-071TH","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of exacerbations","volume":"4","author":"Wouters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16171","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016171","article-title":"Identification of genes that elicit disuse muscle atrophy via the transcription factors p50 and Bcl-3","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272513001994?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272513001994?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T06:56:44Z","timestamp":1761202604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1357272513001994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":174,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1357272513001994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Triggers and mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}