{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:37:05Z","timestamp":1787071025800,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K026682\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K026682\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T13:28:01Z","timestamp":1445606881000},"page":"162-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Overcoming translational challenges \u2013 The delivery of mechanical stimuli in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Hareklea","family":"Markides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane S.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia J.","family":"El Haj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387324","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/387324","article-title":"Different culture media affect proliferation, surface epitope expression, and differentiation of ovine MSC","volume":"2013","author":"Adamzyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0010","first-page":"96","article-title":"Tissue engineering using human mineralized bone xenograft and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells allograft in healing of tibial fracture of experimental rabbit model","volume":"14","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i5.10","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering: recent advances and challenges","volume":"40","author":"Amini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0020","series-title":"Animal Models of Orthopaedic Research","article-title":"Animal selections in orthopaedic research","author":"An","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710791959765","article-title":"Nanomedicine: magnetic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications","volume":"17","author":"Banerjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257","article-title":"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges","volume":"2","author":"Berthiaume","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2015.1027341","article-title":"Selection of animal models for pre-clinical strategies in evaluating the fracture healing, bone graft substitutes and bone tissue regeneration and engineering","volume":"56","author":"Bigham-Sadegh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v023a02","article-title":"Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by osteocyte and osteoblast cells in a simplified bone niche","volume":"23","author":"Birmingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/174942","article-title":"Scaffolds for growth factor delivery as applied to bone tissue engineering","volume":"2012","author":"Blackwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.09.017","article-title":"A novel route in bone tissue engineering: magnetic biomimetic scaffolds","volume":"6","author":"Bock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt31","article-title":"Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells: role of tissue source and inducing factors","volume":"1","author":"Boeuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00102-2","article-title":"Biomaterial developments for bone tissue engineering","volume":"21","author":"Burg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0065","first-page":"130","article-title":"Mechanical conditioning of bone cells in vitro using magnetic micro particle technology","volume":"4","author":"Cartmell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.04.001","article-title":"Effect of bone extracellular matrix synthesized in vitro on the osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells","volume":"26","author":"Datta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.10.006","article-title":"Bioluminescence imaging of calvarial bone repair using bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"29","author":"Degano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.39","article-title":"Remote control of cellular behaviour with magnetic nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"Dobson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2006.880823","article-title":"Principles and design of a novel magnetic force mechanical conditioning bioreactor for tissue engineering, stem cell conditioning, and dynamic in vitro screening","volume":"5","author":"Dobson","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2174\/157339708785133479","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and their cell surface receptors","volume":"4","author":"Docheva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM802","article-title":"Bioreactors for bone tissue engineering","volume":"224","author":"El Haj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-03-0046e","article-title":"The efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells for the repair of an ovine tibial segmental defect","volume":"24","author":"Field","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Comp. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-8-33","article-title":"Outcomes and complication rates of different bone grafting modalities in long bone fracture nonunions: a retrospective cohort study in 182 patients","volume":"8","author":"Flierl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2174\/157488808786733962","article-title":"Tissue engineered bone grafts: biological requirements, tissue culture and clinical relevance","volume":"3","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B12.19671","article-title":"Inhibition of fracture healing","volume":"89","author":"Gaston","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3390\/polym3010571","article-title":"PLGA-based microparticles for the sustained release of BMP-2","volume":"3","author":"Kirby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2010.010085","article-title":"Rodent models in bone-related research: the relevance of calvarial defects in the assessment of bone regeneration strategies","volume":"45","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.033","article-title":"Bone fracture healing: cell therapy in delayed unions and nonunions","volume":"70","author":"G\u00f3mez-Barrena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v028a13","article-title":"Tissue engineered bone using select growth factors: a comprehensive review of animal studies and clinical translation studies in man","volume":"28","author":"Gothard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v028a13","article-title":"Tissue engineered bone using select growth factors: a comprehensive review of animal studies and clinical translation studies in man","volume":"28","author":"Gothard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.035","article-title":"Bone remodeling","volume":"1092","author":"Hadjidakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20969","article-title":"Skeletal repair in rabbits using a novel biomimetic composite based on adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated in collagen I gel with PLGA-beta-TCP scaffold","volume":"28","author":"Hao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182251421","article-title":"Preclinical animal models in trauma research","volume":"25","author":"Harvey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9629-2","article-title":"Pressure and distortion regulate human mesenchymal stem cell gene expression","volume":"37","author":"Haudenschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2014-0017","article-title":"Remotely activated mechanotransduction via magnetic nanoparticles promotes mineralization synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein 2: applications for injectable cell therapy","volume":"3","author":"Henstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.01.010","article-title":"Cyclic hydrostatic pressure stimulates enhanced bone development in the foetal chick femur in vitro","volume":"53","author":"Henstock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.007","article-title":"Small animal bone healing models: standards, tips, and pitfalls results of a consensus meeting","volume":"49","author":"Histing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199001000-00011","article-title":"The critical size defect as an experimental model to test bone repair materials","volume":"1","author":"Hollinger","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19276","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140919276","article-title":"Receptor-targeted magneto-mechanical stimulation of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-157370","article-title":"Mechanotransduction in bone repair and regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2005.04.006","article-title":"Magnetic micro- and nanoparticle mediated activation of mechanosensitive ion channels","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00121-6","article-title":"Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage","volume":"21","author":"Hutmacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2013.29.4.196","article-title":"Bone regeneration of mouse critical-sized calvarial defects with human mesenchymal stem cells in scaffold","volume":"29","author":"Im","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0220","series-title":"Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Glossary","first-page":"2012","author":"Institute","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0638","article-title":"Controlled differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells using magnetic nanoparticle technology","volume":"16","author":"Kanczler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2013.0029","article-title":"Substantial differences between human and ovine mesenchymal stem cells in response to osteogenic media: how to explain and how to manage?","volume":"2","author":"Kalaszczynska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biores. Open Access"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80012-X","article-title":"The health economics of the treatment of long-bone non-unions","volume":"38","author":"Kanakaris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1964-3","article-title":"A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide","volume":"23","author":"Kanis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.10.017","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells enhance bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects more than platelete-rich plasma","volume":"106","author":"Khojasteh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17325","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA00040D","article-title":"Magnetic scaffolds of polycaprolactone with functionalized magnetite nanoparticles: physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties effective for bone regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0471","article-title":"Uncultured marrow mononuclear cells delivered within fibrin glue hydrogels to porous scaffolds enhance bone regeneration within critical-sized rat cranial defects","volume":"16","author":"Kretlow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.02.165","article-title":"Bone regeneration by implantation of adipose-derived stromal cells expressing BMP-2","volume":"356","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.02.055","article-title":"Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and calvarial defect repair using baculovirus-mediated co-expression of BMP-2 and miR-148b","volume":"35","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.07.214","article-title":"Signal transduction pathways involved in mechanotransduction in bone cells","volume":"349","author":"Liedert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0275","series-title":"Life System Modeling Simulation","article-title":"The mechanical properties of bone tissue engineering scaffold fabricating via selective laser sintering","author":"Lin","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.016","article-title":"A critical-sized bone defect","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000165736.87628.12","article-title":"Stromal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma improve bone allograft integration","author":"Lucarelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-169","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of ovine mesenchymal stem cells derived from peripheral blood","volume":"8","author":"Lyahyai","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2014.00037","article-title":"A sheep model for cancellous bone healing","volume":"1","author":"Malhotra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt337","article-title":"Whole body tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-labelled cells \u2013 a rheumatoid arthritis mouse model","volume":"4","author":"Markides","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/614094","article-title":"Biocompatibility and toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles in regenerative medicine","volume":"2012","author":"Markides","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2003.12.001","article-title":"The role of bioreactors in tissue engineering","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0315","first-page":"292","article-title":"Sheep model in orthopedic research: a literature review","volume":"51","author":"Martini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2217\/17460751.3.1.1","article-title":"A brief definition of regenerative medicine","volume":"3","author":"Mason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-003-0104-7","article-title":"Mechanical stimulation promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells on 3-D partially demineralized bone scaffolds in vitro","volume":"74","author":"Mauney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21670","article-title":"Characterisation and developmental potential of ovine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"219","author":"Mccarty","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.002","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Meirelles Lda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0340","first-page":"3","article-title":"Super-paramagnetic responsive nanofibrous scaffolds under static magnetic field enhance osteogenesis for bone repair in vivo","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B7.27370","article-title":"In vivo models of bone repair","volume":"94","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0350","first-page":"3","article-title":"The relative incidence of fracture non-union in the Scottish population (5.17 million): a 5-year epidemiological study","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11365","article-title":"Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis","volume":"48","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthr. Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022007000400025","article-title":"Biomaterials applied to the bone healing process","volume":"25","author":"Nascimento","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.01.085","article-title":"Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue for bone regeneration in a critical size defect of the sheep tibia and the influence of platelet-rich plasma","volume":"31","author":"Niemeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0370","first-page":"7","article-title":"An animal model in sheep for biocompatibility testing of biomaterials in cancellous bones","author":"Nuss","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0375","first-page":"2","article-title":"Current concerns regarding healing of bone defects","author":"Oryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hard Tissue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R167","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/36\/13\/201","article-title":"Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine","volume":"36","author":"Pankhurst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34167","article-title":"Innovative magnetic scaffolds for orthopedic tissue engineering","volume":"100","author":"Panseri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.03.001","article-title":"Mechanotransduction in osteoblast regulation and bone disease","volume":"15","author":"Papachroni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.04.001","article-title":"Bone defects and nonunions \u2013 what role does vascularity play in filling the gap?","volume":"41","author":"Pape","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v013a01","article-title":"Animal models for implant biomaterial research in bone: a review","volume":"13","author":"Pearce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.010","article-title":"The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies","volume":"70","author":"Peric","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.02.011","article-title":"Influence of nanostructural environment and fluid flow on osteoblast-like cell behavior: a model for cell-mechanics studies","volume":"9","author":"Prodanov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0420","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling","volume":"45","author":"Raisz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2010.0612","article-title":"Bioreactor systems for bone tissue engineering","volume":"17","author":"Rauh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.12.050","article-title":"The challenge of establishing preclinical models for segmental bone defect research","volume":"30","author":"Reichert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2007.460.467","article-title":"Problem of stress shielding and improvement to the hip implant designs: a review","volume":"7","author":"Ridzwan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2572","article-title":"Tissue engineering in the rheumatic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Ringe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthr. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(02)02016-4","article-title":"Tissue engineering: advances in in vitro cartilage generation","volume":"20","author":"Risbud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.11.21","article-title":"Prospects of stem cell therapy in osteoarthritis","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2013.11.010","article-title":"Cell therapy for bone repair","volume":"100","author":"Rosset","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0121761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121761","article-title":"Remote activation of the Wnt\/beta-catenin signalling pathway using functionalised magnetic particles","volume":"10","author":"Rotherham","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0460","first-page":"49","article-title":"Molecular biology of bone remodelling","volume":"5","author":"Rucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cases Miner. Bone Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200400026","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering: state of the art and future trends","volume":"4","author":"Salgado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198604000-00036","article-title":"The critical size defect as an experimental-model for craniomandibulofacial nonunions","author":"Schmitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838020-00004","article-title":"Mechanotransduction in human bone: in vitro cellular physiology that underpins bone changes with exercise","volume":"38","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med. (Auckland N.Z.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.04.010","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering: state of the union","volume":"19","author":"Shrivats","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091584","article-title":"Potential of magnetic nanofiber scaffolds with mechanical and biological properties applicable for bone regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20624","article-title":"Injectable tissue-engineered bone repair of a rat calvarial defect","volume":"120","author":"Stephan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(08)70086-5","article-title":"Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering","volume":"11","author":"Stevens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0500","series-title":"Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research","article-title":"Animal models for bone tissue engineering purposes","author":"Viateau","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.08.036","article-title":"Osteogenesis and angiogenesis of tissue-engineered bone constructed by prevascularized beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-123","article-title":"Repair of orbital bone defects in canines using grafts of enriched autologous bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt104","article-title":"Orthopaedic applications of nanoparticle-based stem cell therapies","volume":"3","author":"Wimpenny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11706-014-0232-1","article-title":"Magnetic responsive scaffolds and magnetic fields in bone repair and regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00342-8","article-title":"Development of a \u2018mechano-active\u2019 scaffold for tissue engineering","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5988","article-title":"In vivo efficacy of bone marrow stromal cells coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate for the reconstruction of orbital defects in canines","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011_bib0535","series-title":"European Instructional Lectures","article-title":"Trauma: non-union: new trends","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272515300364?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272515300364?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T07:01:32Z","timestamp":1761202892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1357272515300364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S1357272515300364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Overcoming translational challenges \u2013 The delivery of mechanical stimuli in vivo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2015.10.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}