{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:55:24Z","timestamp":1772805324235,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/L010593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L010593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"St John\u2019s College"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,5]],"date-time":"2016-06-05T17:49:09Z","timestamp":1465148949000},"page":"346-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Amyloid \u03b2 induces microglia to phagocytose neurons via activation of protein kinase Cs and NADPH oxidase"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Urte","family":"Neniskyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-3042.2001.00675.x","article-title":"Stimulation of the NADPH oxidase in activated rat microglia removes nitric oxide but induces peroxynitrite production","volume":"80","author":"Bal-Price","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00809","article-title":"ROCK\/Cdc42-mediated microglial motility and gliapse formation lead to phagocytosis of degenerating dopaminergic neurons in vivo","volume":"2","author":"Barcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-S2-S8","article-title":"NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Block","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8546","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5002-13.2014","article-title":"Neurodegeneration by activation of the microglial complement-phagosome pathway","volume":"34","author":"Bodea","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-010-8105-9","article-title":"Inflammatory neurodegeneration and mechanisms of microglial killing of neurons","volume":"41","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2012.05.002","article-title":"Eaten alive! Cell death by primary phagocytosis: \u2018phagoptosis'","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3710","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis of live neurons","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.7704","article-title":"Apoptosis and in vitro Alzheimer disease neuronal models","volume":"2","author":"Calissano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.02.001","article-title":"Size-dependent neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid oligomers","volume":"496","author":"Cizas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-03-00928.1999","article-title":"Identification of microglial signal transduction pathways mediating a neurotoxic response to amyloidogenic fragments of beta-amyloid and prion proteins","volume":"19","author":"Combs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01179.2001","article-title":"beta-Amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNFalpha-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis","volume":"21","author":"Combs","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3441-12.2013","article-title":"Microglia regulate the number of neural precursor cells in the developing cerebral cortex","volume":"33","author":"Cunningham","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80173-7","article-title":"BAX is required for neuronal death after trophic factor deprivation and during development","volume":"17","author":"Deckwerth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17294","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500997200","article-title":"Calcium dysregulation and membrane disruption as a ubiquitous neurotoxic mechanism of soluble amyloid oligomers","volume":"280","author":"Demuro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13292","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.20.13292","article-title":"Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation by 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride and related compounds","volume":"272","author":"Diatchuk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-81","article-title":"Putative role of protein kinase C in neurotoxic inflammation mediated by extracellular heat shock protein 70 after ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"11","author":"Dvoriantchikova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12401","article-title":"Rotenone induces neuronal death by microglial phagocytosis of neurons","volume":"280","author":"Emmrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.03.008","article-title":"NADPH oxidases: novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"33","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration","volume":"140","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414530512","article-title":"Microglial dynamics and role in the healthy and diseased brain: a paradigm of functional plasticity","volume":"21","author":"Gomez-Nicola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00785-5","article-title":"Inhibition of protein kinase C mu by various inhibitors. Differentiation from protein kinase c isoenzymes","volume":"392","author":"Gschwendt","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3705","article-title":"Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12477","article-title":"Inflammation induces multinucleation of Microglia via PKC inhibition of cytokinesis: generating highly phagocytic multinucleated giant cells","volume":"128","author":"Hornik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-3-24","article-title":"Fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide Abeta1-40 activates microglial proliferation via stimulating TNF-alpha release and H2O2 derived from NADPH oxidase: a cell culture study","volume":"3","author":"Jekabsone","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03422.x","article-title":"Inflammatory neurodegeneration induced by lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by glia activation, nitrosative and oxidative stress, and caspase activation","volume":"95","author":"Kinsner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0135","first-page":"60","article-title":"Neuronal phagocytosis by inflammatory macrophages in ALS spinal cord: inhibition of inflammation by resolvin D1","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-2-20","article-title":"Activation of microglial NADPH oxidase is synergistic with glial iNOS expression in inducing neuronal death: a dual-key mechanism of inflammatory neurodegeneration","volume":"2","author":"Mander","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.2.1046","article-title":"Microglia proliferation is regulated by hydrogen peroxide from NADPH oxidase","volume":"176","author":"Mander","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-261","article-title":"LRRK2 kinase inhibition prevents pathological microglial phagocytosis in response to HIV-1 Tat protein","volume":"9","author":"Marker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98335-3","article-title":"Selective inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes by the indolocarbazole G\u00f6 6976","volume":"268","author":"Martiny-Baron","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(03)00163-3","article-title":"Protein kinase C alpha requirement in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: which is linked to the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia","volume":"44","author":"Nakajima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003600","article-title":"Inhibition of microglial phagocytosis is sufficient to prevent inflammatory neuronal death","volume":"186","author":"Neher","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4098","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308679110","article-title":"Phagocytosis executes delayed neuronal death after focal brain ischemia","volume":"110","author":"Neher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12288","article-title":"Lactadherin\/MFG-E8 is essential for microglia-mediated neuronal loss and phagoptosis induced by amyloid beta","volume":"126","author":"Neniskyte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39904","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.267583","article-title":"Neuronal death induced by nanomolar amyloid \u03b2 is mediated by primary phagocytosis of neurons by microglia","volume":"286","author":"Neniskyte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.05.046","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced neuronal loss is mediated by microglial phagocytosis","volume":"588","author":"Neniskyte","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5392.1265h","article-title":"Apoptosis and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"282","author":"Perry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4253-7_20","article-title":"Abortive oncogeny and cell cycle-mediated events in Alzheimer disease","volume":"4","author":"Raina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Cell Cycle Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132528","article-title":"Microglial physiology: unique stimuli specialized responses","volume":"27","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11982","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3158-09.2009","article-title":"CD14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are required for fibrillar A{beta}-stimulated microglial activation","volume":"29","author":"Reed-Geaghan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1233","article-title":"Lactadherin promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization","volume":"11","author":"Silvestre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2578","article-title":"NOX enzymes in the central nervous system: from signaling to disease","volume":"11","author":"Sorce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.11.1.8018341","article-title":"Characteristics of the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils by apocynin: a methoxy-substituted catechol","volume":"11","author":"Stolk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16240","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010419200","article-title":"Neuron-specific Bcl-2 homology 3 domain-only splice variant of Bak is anti-apoptotic in neurons, but pro-apoptotic in non-neuronal cells","volume":"276","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0230","first-page":"298020","article-title":"Apocynin, a low molecular oral treatment for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"2014","author":"'t Hart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1500","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate coordinates actin-mediated mobilization and translocation of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells","volume":"2","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03676.x","article-title":"The BH3-only protein Puma is both necessary and sufficient for neuronal apoptosis induced by DNA damage in sympathetic neurons","volume":"96","author":"Wyttenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505298","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis of living photoreceptors contributes to inherited retinal degeneration","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135727251630139X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135727251630139X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T07:07:47Z","timestamp":1761203267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S135727251630139X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S135727251630139X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Amyloid \u03b2 induces microglia to phagocytose neurons via activation of protein kinase Cs and NADPH oxidase","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}