{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:45:31Z","timestamp":1792673131986,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:49:49Z","timestamp":1792230589000},"page":"107050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A modern review of pathogenesis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Gauransh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitali","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Kumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2378-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alakh N.","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2662719","article-title":"Analysis of histopathological images for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by hybrid systems based on CNN fusion features","volume":"2023","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2021.102060","article-title":"Machine learning in oral squamous cell carcinoma: current status, clinical concerns and prospects for future\u2014a systematic review","volume":"115","author":"Alabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104799","article-title":"Staging and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma: an update","volume":"107","author":"Almangush","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib4","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in oral oncology: current advances and future potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decision-making","author":"Annamalai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2025.1659323","article-title":"Two-step pipeline for oral diseases detection and classification: a deep learning approach","volume":"6","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Oral. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14070842","article-title":"Molecular and genetic pathogenesis of oral cancer: a basis for customized diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Barroso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2025.156227","article-title":"Mechanistic signaling pathways of flavonoid-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy: clinical evidence and therapeutic application","author":"Begh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathol. -Res. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1573176","article-title":"Combinatorial therapeutic approach for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-023-01191-8","article-title":"Role of toll-like receptor in the pathogenesis of oral cancer","volume":"82","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050621","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Cabral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib11","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in predicting lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib12","series-title":"Salivary Biomarkers: A Promising Avenue for Advancing Oral Cancer Detection","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-025-10027-5","article-title":"Advancing oral cancer care: nanomaterial-driven diagnostic and therapeutic innovations","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1273516","article-title":"Implications of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in head and neck cancer: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to early diagnosis and therapy","volume":"13","author":"Constantin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib15","article-title":"A network pharmacology analysis of curcumin in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","article-title":"Oral microbiome: unveiling the fundamentals","volume":"23","author":"Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_53_24","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of Triphala and its constituents in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral precancer","volume":"28","author":"Dineshkumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15051123","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles for delivery of natural bioactive agents: recent advances and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Elmowafy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmt.2023.09.001","article-title":"Review of the efficacy of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment","volume":"5","author":"Elumalai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14112968","article-title":"Lutein treatment effects on the redox status and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in oral cancer squamous cells\u2014are there therapeutical hopes?","volume":"14","author":"Ena\u0219escu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-021-00298-8","article-title":"The role of family history of cancer in oral cavity cancer","volume":"17","author":"Fantozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head. & Face Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/853479","article-title":"Oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders","volume":"2014","author":"Farah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1183244","article-title":"The duration of intervals on the oral cancer care pathway and implications for survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Fernandez-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32040208","article-title":"Cancer reccurence in operated primary oral squamous cell carcinoma patients seems to be independent of the currently available postoperative therapeutic approach: a retrospective clinical study","volume":"32","author":"Ghanaati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib25","article-title":"Limitations of immunotherapy in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2025.102068","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for oral cancer: mechanism, challenges, and therapeutic potential","author":"Hasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2022.100133","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer","volume":"9","author":"Hegde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-019-0126-6","article-title":"Identification of novel genetic variants predisposing to familial oral squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib29","article-title":"Developments and future prospects of personalized medicine in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma diagnoses and treatments","volume":"7","author":"Jayawickrama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib30","unstructured":"Jivaka, V. & Samhita, K. 2010. revised by Vatsya with Sanskrit introduction by Pandit Hemaraj Sharma with Vidyotini Hindi commentary and Hindi translation of Sanskrit introduction by Ayurvedalankar Shri Satyapala Bhishagacharya. New Delhi, Edition."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16183156","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapy of oral cancer\u2014update review","volume":"16","author":"Kijowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib32","article-title":"Epigenetic alterations in oral cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets","volume":"12","author":"Krishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib33","series-title":"Machine Learning-driven Insights into ctDNA for Oral Cancer: Applications, Models, and Future Prospects","author":"Kumar","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.825266","article-title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders: etiology, pathogenesis, and transformation into oral cancer","volume":"13","author":"Kumari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3390\/md18040201","article-title":"situ gel loaded with chitosan-coated simvastatin nanoparticles: promising delivery for effective anti-proliferative activity against tongue carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Kurakula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib36","article-title":"Fusion feature-based hybrid methods for diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma in histopathological images","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164115","article-title":"Family history of head and neck cancers","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800072t","article-title":"Multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles for imaging, targeting, and drug delivery","volume":"2","author":"Liong","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9635","article-title":"Curcumin suppresses the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma through a specificity protein 1\/nuclear factor-\u03baB-dependent pathway","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib40","series-title":"Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management","article-title":"Medical management of oral submucous fibrosis","author":"Loganathan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.24.027","article-title":"Advances in preventive and therapeutic strategies for oral cancer: a short review","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104885","article-title":"Use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of head and neck precancerous and cancerous lesions: a systematic review","volume":"110","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib43","article-title":"Oral cancer screening: past, present, and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_593_25","article-title":"A narrative review on oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7312611","article-title":"Overview of candida albicans and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection agents and their biomolecular mechanisms in promoting oral cancer in pediatric patients","volume":"2021","author":"Muzio","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102195","article-title":"Updates on responsive drug delivery based on liposome vehicles for cancer treatment","volume":"14","author":"Nikolova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/ace.2020.01.01","article-title":"Biological and epidemiologic updates on lip and oral cavity cancers","volume":"4","author":"Nocini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14141525","article-title":"Classification-predictive model based on artificial neural network validated by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of oral lichen planus","volume":"14","author":"Osipowicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-024-01518-5","article-title":"Oral complications and management strategies for cancer patients: principles of supportive oncology in dentistry","volume":"26","author":"Parra-Rojas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81724-0","article-title":"Attention-guided convolutional network for bias-mitigated and interpretable oral lesion classification","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102680-9.00013-5","article-title":"Inorganic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery","author":"Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biointegr. Med. Implant. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.71","article-title":"The synergistic effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption on the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Prabhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Off. J. Am. Coll. Gastroenterol. | ACG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.21760\/jaims.9.2.30","article-title":"A review on sarvasara mukharoga in ayurveda wsr oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Pushkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-560","article-title":"Family history of cancer, personal history of medical conditions and risk of oral cavity cancer in France: the ICARE study","volume":"13","author":"Rado\u00ef","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-020-01201-8","article-title":"Reframing histological risk assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the era of UICC 8th edition TNM staging","volume":"15","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head. neck Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.94566","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway mediated autophagy in oral carcinoma-a comprehensive review","volume":"21","author":"Rajendran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29064","article-title":"A current era in pulsatile drug delivery system: drug journey based on chronobiology","volume":"10","author":"Rajput","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0195-z","article-title":"Oral cancer: risk factors and molecular pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Ram","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib59","article-title":"Oral cancer: recent breakthroughs in pathology and therapeutic approaches","volume":"12","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_13_19","article-title":"Oral epithelial dysplasia: classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders","volume":"23","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib61","first-page":"11884","article-title":"Essentials of oral cancer","volume":"8","author":"Rivera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-023-02161-3","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption and oral cancer screening among men in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional Survey","volume":"33","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.31557\/apjcb.2023.8.4.379-386","article-title":"Oral cancer at a glance","volume":"8","author":"Saberian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16060802","article-title":"Application of scaffold-based drug delivery in oral cancer treatment: a novel approach","volume":"16","author":"Saberian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib65","article-title":"AI-driven diagnostics and personalized treatment planning in oral oncology: Innovations and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Satheeskumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.18231\/j.adr.2023.003","article-title":"Artificial intelligence as a tool for improving oral cancer outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Sawhney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.05.58","article-title":"Immunotherapy and targeted therapy\u2014the new roadmap in cancer treatment","volume":"7","author":"Shahid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.280890","article-title":"Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in oral and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Shahsavari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, P., Singh, M.M., Borle, A.L., Srivastava, A., Meher, R., 2025. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of patients with oral cancer seeking treatment in a public tertiary hospital in India.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6318005\/v1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D4DT02986K","article-title":"Inorganic nanoparticle-based nanogels and their biomedical applications","author":"Sonkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.12.011","article-title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders: risk of progression to malignancy","volume":"125","author":"Speight","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06258-4","article-title":"The L1-dependant and Pol III transcribed Alu retrotransposon, from its discovery to innate immunity","volume":"48","author":"Stenz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00249-w","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-023-03943-0","article-title":"Exploration of inorganic nanoparticles for revolutionary drug delivery applications: a critical review","volume":"18","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discov. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib75","article-title":"Harnessing artificial intelligence for predictive modelling in oral oncology: opportunities, challenges, and clinical Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Veeraraghavan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03993-5","article-title":"Deep learning in oral cancer-a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Warin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211014795","article-title":"Oral cancer screening: past, present, and future","volume":"100","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib78","article-title":"New hopes and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.05.009","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: at the crossroads of development and tumor metastasis","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02198-8","article-title":"Advancements and limitations in traditional anti-cancer therapies: a comprehensive review of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zafar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2019.03.005","article-title":"Quercetin suppresses the tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating microRNA-22\/WNT1\/\u03b2-catenin axis","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.9b00699","article-title":"Biodegradable inorganic nanoparticles for cancer theranostics: insights into the degradation behavior","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050_bib83","unstructured":"Zuo, Q. 2022. Understanding liver metabolic effects of estrogens and liver niche-related metabolic changes in metastatic breast cancer. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272526001603?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1357272526001603?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:10:52Z","timestamp":1792671052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1357272526001603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S1357272526001603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1357-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1357-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A modern review of pathogenesis and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2026.107050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107050"}}