{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:26:58Z","timestamp":1791581218071,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochimie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:13:53Z","timestamp":1624925633000},"page":"169-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dual-targeted anti-CMV\/anti-HIV-1 heterodimers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia L.","family":"Khandazhinskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Mercurio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Maslova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogers Alberto","family":"\u00d1ahui Palomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail S.","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena S.","family":"Matyugina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Paramonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina K.","family":"Kukhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya E.","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill I.","family":"Yurlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla A.","family":"Kushch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Tarasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey N.","family":"Kochetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Vanpouille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.10.010","article-title":"War and peace between microbes: HIV-1 interactions with coinfecting viruses","volume":"6","author":"Lisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu417","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus coinfection is associated with an increased risk of severe non-AIDS-defining events in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients","volume":"211","author":"Lichtner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000405","article-title":"Immune resilience in HIV-infected individuals seronegative for cytomegalovirus","volume":"28","author":"Barrett","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-016-0297-9","article-title":"Partners in crime: the role of CMV in immune dysregulation and clinical outcome during HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"Freeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. HIV AIDS Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-019-00591-z","article-title":"T-cell immunity against cytomegalovirus in HIV infection and aging: relationships with inflammation, immune activation, and frailty","volume":"208","author":"Tavenier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw217","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus and HIV: a dangerous pas de Deux","volume":"214","author":"Gianella","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010061","article-title":"Risk factors for HIV-1 shedding in semen","volume":"150","author":"Speck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir700","article-title":"Semen of HIV-1-infected individuals: local shedding of herpesviruses and reprogrammed cytokine network","volume":"205","author":"Lisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283573305","article-title":"Herpes viruses and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations influence the virologic and immunologic milieu of the male genital tract","volume":"27","author":"Gianella","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7818","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00831-14","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus replication in semen is associated with higher levels of proviral HIV DNA and CD4+ T cell activation during antiretroviral treatment","volume":"88","author":"Gianella","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050882","article-title":"Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects","volume":"202","author":"Sylwester","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis732","article-title":"Effect of cytomegalovirus-induced immune response, self antigen-induced immune response, and microbial translocation on chronic immune activation in successfully treated HIV type 1-infected patients: the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort","volume":"207","author":"Wittkop","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ840","article-title":"CD8 T-cell expansion and inflammation linked to CMV coinfection in ART-treated HIV infection","volume":"62","author":"Freeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001412","article-title":"Elevated cytomegalovirus IgG antibody levels are associated with HIV-1 disease progression and immune activation","volume":"31","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1086\/498576","article-title":"Disproportionately high semen shedding of HIV is associated with compartmentalized cytomegalovirus reactivation","volume":"193","author":"Sheth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis777","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus DNA in semen and blood is associated with higher levels of proviral HIV DNA","volume":"207","author":"Gianella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02638-15","article-title":"Replication of human herpesviruses is associated with higher HIV DNA levels during antiretroviral therapy started at early phases of HIV infection","volume":"90","author":"Gianella","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.10.016","article-title":"CMV as a cofactor enhancing progression of AIDS","volume":"35","author":"Griffiths","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis683","article-title":"Role of seminal shedding of herpesviruses in HIV Type 1 Transmission","volume":"207","author":"Gianella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7585","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707585","article-title":"Seminal shedding of CMV and HIV transmission among men who have sex with men","volume":"12","author":"Gianella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-017-0420-5","article-title":"Novel drug delivery of dual acting prodrugs of hydroxychloroquine with aryl acetic acid NSAIDs: design, kinetics and pharmacological study","volume":"7","author":"Poorvashree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00019","article-title":"Delivered: conjugate and prodrug strategies as targeted delivery vectors for antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2013.05.009","article-title":"Synthesis and anti-HCMV activity of 1-[omega-(phenoxy)alkyl]uracil derivatives and analogues thereof","volume":"21","author":"Novikov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23123069","article-title":"Novel 5-norcarbocyclic pyrimidine derivatives as antibacterial agents","volume":"23","author":"Khandazhinskaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2016.1241928","article-title":"Early stage of cytomegalovirus infection suppresses host microRNA expression regulation in human fibroblasts","volume":"15","author":"Buzdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.11.013","article-title":"A\u00a0highly sensitive and dynamic immunofluorescent cytometric bead assay for the detection of HIV-1 p24","volume":"157","author":"Biancotto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.07.008","article-title":"Acyclovir is activated into a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor in herpesvirus-infected human tissues","volume":"4","author":"Lisco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(93)90009-8","article-title":"Efficacy of ganciclovir in combination with zidovudine against cytomegalovirus in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"21","author":"Freitas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.245","article-title":"Use of human tissue explants to study human infectious agents","volume":"4","author":"Grivel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.06.019","article-title":"A\u00a0new antiviral: chimeric 3TC-AZT phosphonate efficiently inhibits HIV-1 in human tissues ex\u00a0vivo","volume":"109","author":"Vanpouille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1086\/650343","article-title":"A\u00a0new class of dual-targeted antivirals: monophosphorylated acyclovir prodrug derivatives suppress both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and herpes simplex virus type 2","volume":"201","author":"Vanpouille","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.08.015","article-title":"Topical tenofovir, a microbicide effective against HIV, inhibits herpes simplex virus-2 replication","volume":"10","author":"Andrei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026033451763","article-title":"Strategies in the design of prodrugs of anti-HIV agents","volume":"3","author":"Calogeropoulou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1517\/17425251003713501","article-title":"Anti-HIV therapy with AZT prodrugs: AZT phosphonate derivatives, current state and prospects","volume":"6","author":"Khandazhinskaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Metabol. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Biochimie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300908421001577?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300908421001577?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T01:20:59Z","timestamp":1759540859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300908421001577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0300908421001577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9084","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dual-targeted anti-CMV\/anti-HIV-1 heterodimers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochimie","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. and Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Biochimie et Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}