{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:17:59Z","timestamp":1780579079376,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":234,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003768","name":"University of Strasbourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003768","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochimie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T22:19:46Z","timestamp":1678918786000},"page":"54-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["At the crossroads of epidemiology and biology: Bridging the gap between SARS-CoV-2 viral strain properties and epidemic wave characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Poydenot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Lebreton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Haiech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Andreotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30323-4","article-title":"Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control","volume":"8","author":"Fennelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00974-w","article-title":"Is the coronavirus airborne? Experts can't agree","volume":"580","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa939","article-title":"It is time to address airborne transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"71","author":"Morawska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14857","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009637117","article-title":"Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-060220-113712","article-title":"The fluid dynamics of disease transmission","volume":"53","author":"Bourouiba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2011.07.009","article-title":"Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions","volume":"42","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2008.0720","article-title":"The mechanism of breath aerosol formation","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112099005704","article-title":"Flow-induced instabilities of a mucus\u2013serous bilayer","volume":"397","author":"Moriarty","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2307\/1351816","article-title":"The ejection of drops from the sea and their enrichment with bacteria and other materials: a review","volume":"12","author":"Blanchard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8709","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01157","article-title":"Enrichment of surface-active compounds in bursting bubble aerosols","volume":"3","author":"Chingin","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12639","article-title":"Effect of ventilation improvement during a tuberculosis outbreak in underventilated university buildings","volume":"30","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716771115","article-title":"Defining the sizes of airborne particles that mediate influenza transmission in ferrets","volume":"115","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg6296","article-title":"Face masks effectively limit the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.35057","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 transmission from people without COVID-19 symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7021e1","article-title":"Mask use and ventilation improvements to reduce COVID-19 incidence in elementary schools \u2014 Georgia, november 16\u2013december 11, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Gettings","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab036","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers despite the use of surgical masks and physical distancing\u2014the role of airborne transmission","volume":"8","author":"Goldberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-7567","article-title":"A\u00a0SARS-CoV-2 cluster in an acute care hospital","volume":"174","author":"Klompas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15842.3","article-title":"Estimating the overdispersion in COVID-19 transmission using outbreak sizes outside China","volume":"5","author":"Endo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib19","article-title":"Just 2% of SARS-CoV-2\u2212positive individuals carry 90% of the virus circulating in communities","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib20","article-title":"Extended short-range airborne transmission of respiratory infections","volume":"422","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30561-2","article-title":"Exaggerated risk of transmission of COVID-19 by fomites","volume":"20","author":"Goldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-00251-4","article-title":"COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning?","volume":"590","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16491-3","article-title":"Human norovirus targets enteroendocrine epithelial cells in the small intestine","volume":"11","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-14","volume":"28","author":"Robilotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Norovirus, Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25816","article-title":"Fecal transmission in COVID-19: a potential shedding rout","author":"Nouri-Vaskeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac223","article-title":"Risk assessment for long- and short-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, indoors and outdoors","volume":"1","author":"Poydenot","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.04.008","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an efficient 3\u2019-noncoding region based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV infections","volume":"120","author":"Houng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib28","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of human challenge trials, designs, and safety","author":"Adams-Phipps","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01780-9","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults","volume":"28","author":"Killingley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57309","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers","volume":"9","author":"Bar-On","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.018","article-title":"Molecular architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 virus","volume":"183","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn8863","article-title":"Structures of the Omicron spike trimer with ACE2 and an anti-Omicron antibody","volume":"375","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000715","article-title":"A\u00a0unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: tracking down RNA synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Snijder","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14217","article-title":"CRICS TRIGGERSEP group (clinical research in intensive care and sepsis trial group for global evaluation and research in sepsis), SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs in the emergency department does not predict COVID-19 severity and mortality","volume":"28","author":"Le Borgne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med. Off. J. Soc. Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 receptors and entry genes are expressed in the human olfactory neuroepithelium and brain","volume":"23","author":"Fodoulian","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00308","article-title":"Long-term neurological threats of COVID-19: a call to update the thinking about the outcomes of the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib37","article-title":"ACE2, TMPRSS2 distribution and extrapulmonary organ injury in patients with COVID-19","volume":"131","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomedecine Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105794","article-title":"Estimation of airborne viral emission: quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment","volume":"141","author":"Buonanno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib39","series-title":"The Altered Entry Pathway and Antigenic Distance of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Map to Separate Domains of Spike Protein","first-page":"2021","author":"Peacock","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108175","article-title":"A\u00a0single-cell RNA expression map of human coronavirus entry factors","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib42","series-title":"HCA Lung Biological Network, SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Are Most Highly Expressed in Nasal Goblet and Ciliated Cells within Human Airways","author":"Sungnak","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib43","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mediated immune escape and tropism shift","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Sq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.720192","article-title":"DAMPening COVID-19 severity by attenuating danger signals","volume":"12","author":"Silva-Lagos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-00359-2","article-title":"The central role of the nasal microenvironment in the transmission, modulation, and clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"14","author":"Gallo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nri888","article-title":"Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy","volume":"2","author":"Katze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290309","article-title":"The host type I interferon response to viral and bacterial infections","volume":"15","author":"Perry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.035","volume":"181","author":"Ziegler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00759-x","article-title":"A\u00a0novel ACE2 isoform is expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in response to interferons and RNA respiratory virus infection","volume":"53","author":"Blume","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6027","article-title":"Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"369","author":"Hadjadj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.09.023","article-title":"The biology of mucus: composition, synthesis and organization","volume":"124","author":"Bansil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910061","article-title":"Airway mucus function and dysfunction","volume":"363","author":"Fahy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1192","DOI":"10.2741\/Moniaux","article-title":"Structural organization and classification of the human mucin genes","volume":"6","author":"Moniaux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. J. Virtual Libr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-019-01785-5","article-title":"Muc5b is mainly expressed and sialylated in the nasal olfactory epithelium whereas Muc5ac is exclusively expressed and fucosylated in the nasal respiratory epithelium","volume":"152","author":"Amini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02374-20","article-title":"Defensive properties of mucin glycoproteins during respiratory infections-relevance for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib56","first-page":"1622","article-title":"Alteration in nasopharyngeal microbiota profile in aged patients with COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Kolhe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn. Basel Switz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2020.1829536","article-title":"The influence of temperature, humidity, and simulated sunlight on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols","volume":"55","author":"Dabisch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149","article-title":"Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2312-y","article-title":"The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice","volume":"583","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6284","article-title":"DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques","volume":"369","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib61","article-title":"COVID-19 patients in earlier stages exhaled millions of SARS-CoV-2 per hour","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","article-title":"Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019","volume":"581","author":"W\u00f6lfel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2010.01427.x","article-title":"Development of a dose-response model for SARS coronavirus","volume":"30","author":"Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Risk Anal. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib65","article-title":"Air recirculation role in the infection with COVID-19, lessons learned from Diamond Princess cruise ship","author":"Almilaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public and Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018995118","article-title":"A\u00a0guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19","volume":"118","author":"Bazant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12818","article-title":"Seasonal variation in airborne infection risk in schools due to changes in ventilation inferred from monitored carbon dioxide","author":"Vouriot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106112","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective and retrospective applications","volume":"145","author":"Buonanno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8114","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218114","article-title":"Model calculations of aerosol transmission and infection risk of COVID-19 in indoor environments","volume":"17","author":"Lelieveld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib70","series-title":"Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases","author":"P\u00f6hlker","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib71","series-title":"Modelling Aerosol Transport and Virus Exposure with Numerical Simulations in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Inhalation Indoors","author":"Vuorinen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.21.2100612","article-title":"Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak on the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, March to April 2020: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"27","author":"de Laval","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200005001-00002","article-title":"Mucosal immune response in the ear, nose and throat","volume":"19","author":"Ogra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2022.198753","article-title":"An evolutionary insight into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant of concern","volume":"314","author":"Paz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib62","first-page":"105","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: viral loads of exhaled breath and oronasopharyngeal specimens in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"110","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis. IJID Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib81","first-page":"ciab797","article-title":"University of Maryland StopCOVID research group, infectious SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled aerosols and efficacy of masks during early mild infection","author":"Adenaiye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0843-2","article-title":"Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks","volume":"26","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1283","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 patients in earlier stages exhaled millions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 per hour","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215705","article-title":"Use of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in the diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19)","volume":"76","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200409-046TA","article-title":"Deposition of inhaled particles in the human respiratory tract and consequences for regional targeting in respiratory drug delivery","volume":"1","author":"Heyder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib86","series-title":"Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles","author":"Hinds","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002947","article-title":"Viral phylodynamics","volume":"9","author":"Volz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib88","first-page":"1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness","author":"Carabelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib89","article-title":"Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the breath of COVID-19 patients","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib90","first-page":"S1525","article-title":"Efficient detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from exhaled breath","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Diagn. JMD."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.11.008","article-title":"Mucins, mucus, and goblet cells","volume":"154","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021830118","article-title":"Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity","volume":"118","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13024","article-title":"Early humoral defence: contributing to confining COVID-19 to conducting airways?","author":"Persson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib94","first-page":"246","article-title":"Stability of SARS coronavirus in human specimens and environment and its sensitivity to heating and UV irradiation","volume":"16","author":"Duan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci. BES."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib95","first-page":"2168","article-title":"Persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in aerosol suspensions - volume 26, number 9\u2014september 2020 - emerging infectious diseases","volume":"26","author":"Fears","year":"2020","journal-title":"journal - CDC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.025","article-title":"Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients","volume":"100","author":"Lednicky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13896","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 virulence evolution: avirulence theory, immunity and trade-offs","volume":"34","author":"Alizon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006_bib98","article-title":"Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants alterations in Nice neighborhoods by wastewater nanopore sequencing","volume":"10","author":"Rios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."}],"container-title":["Biochimie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300908423000688?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300908423000688?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T01:26:35Z","timestamp":1759541195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300908423000688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S0300908423000688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9084","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"At the crossroads of epidemiology and biology: Bridging the gap between SARS-CoV-2 viral strain properties and epidemic wave characteristics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochimie","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. and Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Biochimie et Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}