{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:54:29Z","timestamp":1791219269546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF19OC0056411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF19OC0056411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000396","name":"Technology Strategy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R345-2020-1674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R345-2020-1674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biofilm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T15:47:27Z","timestamp":1715269647000},"page":"100200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bacterial micro-aggregates as inoculum in animal models of implant-associated infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Katrine","family":"Top Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regitze","family":"Lund Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freja Cecilie","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bent","family":"Aalb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Lichtenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Holm Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bjarnsholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lasse","family":"Kvich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Ingmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Odgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Elvang Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Kruse Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000692","article-title":"Implantable device-related infection","volume":"46","author":"VanEpps","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12862","article-title":"Implants induce a new niche for microbiomes","volume":"126","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.01432","article-title":"Developing a clinically representative model of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"98","author":"Carli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677218789444","article-title":"Guidelines for porcine models of human bacterial infections","volume":"53","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03131-22","article-title":"Inoculum concentration influences Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype and biofilm architecture","volume":"10","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.002","article-title":"The in vivo biofilm","volume":"21","author":"Bjarnsholt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31979","article-title":"Using biofilms as initial inocula in animal models of biofilm-related infections","volume":"100B","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2203477","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"388","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13201","article-title":"Human skin microbiota in health and disease","volume":"130","author":"Bay","year":"2022","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05281-4","article-title":"The non-attached biofilm aggregate","volume":"6","author":"Kragh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro821","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases","volume":"2","author":"Hall-Stoodley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02696-16","article-title":"Importance of the exopolysaccharide matrix in antimicrobial tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates","volume":"61","author":"Goltermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00631-20","article-title":"The extracellular polysaccharide matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms is a determinant of polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses","volume":"89","author":"Rybtke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-020-00691-1","article-title":"Bacterial aggregate size determines phagocytosis efficiency of polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"209","author":"Alhede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120775","article-title":"Delayed neutrophil recruitment allows nascent Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and immune evasion","volume":"275","author":"Pettygrove","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0536-0","article-title":"Bacterial metabolic state more accurately predicts antibiotic lethality than growth rate","volume":"4","author":"Lopatkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03131-22","article-title":"Inoculum concentration influences Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype and biofilm architecture","volume":"10","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027943","article-title":"Phenotypes of non-attached Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates resemble surface attached biofilm","volume":"6","author":"Alhede","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib19","article-title":"What's in a name? Characteristics of clinical biofilms","volume":"47","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEMS (Fed Eur Microbiol Soc) Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.07.014","article-title":"Bacterial reservoir in deeper skin is a potential source for surgical site and biomaterial-associated infections","volume":"140","author":"Guarch-P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13185","article-title":"Dynamics of skin microbiota in shoulder surgery infections","volume":"129","author":"Fatima","year":"2021","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01207-15","article-title":"Whole-genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus S54F9 isolated from a chronic disseminated porcine lung abscess and used in human infection models","volume":"3","author":"Aalb\u00e6k","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02700.x","article-title":"A porcine model of acute, haematogenous, localized osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: a pathomorphological study","volume":"119","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib24","first-page":"368","article-title":"Porcine models of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) and infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus: a preliminary study","volume":"22","author":"Christiansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812439726","article-title":"The impact of Staphylococcus aureus concentration on the development of pulmonary lesions and cytokine expression after intravenous inoculation of pigs","volume":"49","author":"Soerensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23505","article-title":"Novel porcine model of implant-associated osteomyelitis: a comprehensive analysis of local, regional, and systemic response","volume":"35","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.97.BJR-2020-0007.R1","article-title":"Pathological and microbiological impact of a gentamicin-loaded biocomposite following limited or extensive debridement in a porcine model of osteomyelitis","volume":"9","author":"Blirup-Plum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtla.2022.101473","article-title":"Coating of bone implants with silica, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine, and gentamicin prevents development of osteomyelitis in a porcine model","volume":"24","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materialia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.22799","article-title":"Combined staining techniques for demonstration of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in routine histopathology","volume":"3","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2016.04.004","article-title":"Simple method for correct enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"125","author":"Haaber","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib31","first-page":"2024","article-title":"A method for separating bacterial cultures into single cells and defined size fractions of biofilm aggregates","author":"Nielsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib32","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1934-z","article-title":"ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data","volume":"18","author":"Rueden","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2023.102269","article-title":"Protocol to assess metabolic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by measuring heat flow using isothermal calorimetry","volume":"4","author":"Beilharz","year":"2023","journal-title":"STAR Protocols"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01889-18","article-title":"In vivo gentamicin susceptibility test for prevention of bacterial biofilms in bone tissue and on implants","volume":"63","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtla.2022.101473","article-title":"Coating of bone implants with silica, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine, and gentamicin prevents development of osteomyelitis in a porcine model","volume":"24","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materialia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06215-11","article-title":"Interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on silicone implants in vivo","volume":"80","author":"Gennip","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.950855","article-title":"Synthesis of the cyanobacterial halometabolite Chlorosphaerolactylate B and demonstration of its antimicrobial effect in vitro and in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B7.BJJ-2018-0052.R1","article-title":"The value of quantitative histology in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection","volume":"100","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: open source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bankhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib41","series-title":"Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease","first-page":"179","article-title":"Staphylococcus species","author":"Quinn","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111515","article-title":"Cyclic-di-GMP signaling controls metabolic activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"41","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201400494","article-title":"Isothermal microcalorimetry accurately detects bacteria, tumorous microtissues, and parasitic worms in a label-free well-plate assay","volume":"10","author":"Braissant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib44","series-title":"A modern approach to biofilm-related orthopaedic implant infections: advances in microbiology, infectious diseases and public health volume 5","first-page":"29","article-title":"Animal models of implant-related low-grade infections. A twenty-year review","author":"Lovati","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939809032193","article-title":"Animal models of orthopedic implant infection","volume":"11","author":"An","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12233","article-title":"Clinical presentation and treatment of orthopaedic implant-associated infection","volume":"276","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.07.014","article-title":"Bacterial reservoir in deeper skin is a potential source for surgical site and biomaterial-associated infections","volume":"140","author":"Guarch-P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Biofilm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S259020752400025X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S259020752400025X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T22:44:15Z","timestamp":1718577855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S259020752400025X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S259020752400025X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-2075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-2075","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacterial micro-aggregates as inoculum in animal models of implant-associated infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofilm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100200","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100200"}}