{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:44:20Z","timestamp":1787499860897,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biofilm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T23:11:14Z","timestamp":1732921874000},"page":"100241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Usnic acid brief exposure suppresses cariogenic properties and complexity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8357-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Pandit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-A","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon-Mi","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Gyu","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0533-3","article-title":"Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0062-1","article-title":"Advancing antimicrobial strategies for managing oral biofilm infections","volume":"11","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00427-y","article-title":"Strategy to combat biofilms: a focus on biofilm dispersal enzymes","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.016","article-title":"Biofilm matrixome: extracellular components in structured microbial communities","volume":"28","author":"Karygianni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00010","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans-derived extracellular matrix in cariogenic oral biofilms","volume":"5","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2019.100017","article-title":"Biofilm mechanics: implications in infection and survival","volume":"2","author":"Gloag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415","article-title":"The biofilm matrix","volume":"8","author":"Flemming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007625-0","article-title":"Nanomechanical properties of glucans and associated cell-surface adhesion of Streptococcus mutans probed by atomic force microscopy under in situ conditions","volume":"153","author":"Cross","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00146-18","article-title":"Glucan binding protein C of Streptococcus mutans mediates both sucrose-independent and sucrose-dependent adherence","volume":"86","author":"Mieher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1159\/000330510","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide mouth rinse: targeted elimination of Streptococcus mutans and prevention of demineralization","volume":"45","author":"Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib11","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans copes with heat stress by multiple transcriptional regulons modulating virulence and energy metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1159\/000348519","article-title":"Relationship between fluoride concentration and activity against virulence factors and viability of a cariogenic biofilm: in vitro study","volume":"47","author":"Pandit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510379602","article-title":"The role of bacteria in the caries process: ecological perspectives","volume":"90","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib14","first-page":"2103","article-title":"Structural organization and dynamics of exopolysaccharide matrix and microcolonies formation by Streptococcus mutans in biofilms","volume":"108","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-228","article-title":"Influences of naturally occurring agents in combination with fluoride on gene expression and structural organization of Streptococcus mutans in biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Jeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4360","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4360-4365.2004","article-title":"Usnic acid, a natural antimicrobial agent able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation on polymer surfaces","volume":"48","author":"Francolini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12409","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid is primarily caused by inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis","volume":"353","author":"Maci\u0105g-Dorszy\u0144ska","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89452-5","article-title":"Sustained release of usnic acid from graphene coatings ensures long term antibiofilm protection","volume":"11","author":"Pandit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80338-6","article-title":"Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems","volume":"11","author":"Priya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.10.012","article-title":"In vitro interaction of usnic acid in combination with antimicrobial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates determined by FICI and \u0394E model methods","volume":"19","author":"Segatore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1209563","article-title":"Polymyxin B complexation enhances the antimicrobial potential of graphene oxide","volume":"13","author":"Pandit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2010.12.012","article-title":"Effect of sodium fluoride on the virulence factors and composition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms","volume":"56","author":"Pandit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(83)90005-2","article-title":"New assay for enzymatic phosphate release: application to aspartate transcarbamylase and other enzymes","volume":"132","author":"Bencini","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2012.672646","article-title":"Enhancement of fluoride activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms by a substance separated from Polygonum cuspidatum","volume":"28","author":"Pandit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01649-09","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides produced by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases modulate the establishment of microcolonies within multispecies biofilms","volume":"192","author":"Koo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-10-2395","article-title":"Quantification of biofilm structures by the novel computer program COMSTAT","volume":"146","author":"Heydorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.2012.0047","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody specific to glucosyltransferase B of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 and its glucosyltransferase inhibitory efficiency","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib28","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effect of post brushing mouthrinse solutions on salivary fluoride retention","volume":"35","author":"Mystikos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000350590","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics in the oral cavity: fluoride and other active ingredients","volume":"23","author":"Duckworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2014.vol28.0039","article-title":"Fluoride retention in saliva and in dental biofilm after different home-use fluoride treatments","volume":"28","author":"Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002623","article-title":"The exopolysaccharide matrix modulates the interaction between 3D architecture and virulence of a mixed-species oral biofilm","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.03.014","article-title":"Proton-pumping F-ATPase plays an important role in Streptococcus mutans under acidic conditions","volume":"666","author":"Sekiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxad073","article-title":"F-type proton-pumping ATPase mediates acid tolerance in Streptococcus mutans","volume":"134","author":"Sekiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1159\/000434731","article-title":"Effect of 1-minute fluoride treatment on potential virulence and viability of a cariogenic biofilm","volume":"49","author":"Pandit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1039\/C9MD00015A","article-title":"Targeting S. mutans biofilms: a perspective on preventing dental caries","volume":"10","author":"Scharnow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med chem comm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12118","article-title":"Biophysics of biofilm infection","volume":"70","author":"Stewart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2014.969249","article-title":"Analysis of the mechanical stability and surface detachment of mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms by applying a range of external shear forces","volume":"30","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111312","article-title":"\u03b1-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501002","article-title":"The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation--new insight","volume":"85","author":"Paes Leme","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20471","article-title":"A novel TEM contrasting technique for extracellular polysaccharides in in vitro biofilms","volume":"70","author":"Reese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000324598","article-title":"Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms","volume":"45","author":"Bowen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caries Res"}],"container-title":["Biofilm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590207524000662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590207524000662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T18:37:38Z","timestamp":1733942258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590207524000662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2590207524000662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-2075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-2075","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Usnic acid brief exposure suppresses cariogenic properties and complexity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biofilm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100241","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100241"}}