{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:44:52Z","timestamp":1791225892095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomaterials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T17:14:54Z","timestamp":1628529294000},"page":"121069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Topical treatment of periodontitis using an iongel"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"276","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2875-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayuka","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eden E.L.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0111-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly N.","family":"Ibsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2459-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Mitragotri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01133.x","article-title":"Severe periodontitis is associated with systemic inflammation and a dysmetabolic status: a case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Nibali","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.4.547","article-title":"Systemic diseases caused by oral infection","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140520","article-title":"Update on prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012","volume":"86","author":"Eke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"Suppl 18","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib4","first-page":"S23","article-title":"Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries","volume":"44","author":"Mira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12319","article-title":"Clinical effect of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Periodontal. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01127-1","article-title":"Antiseptics as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis: a systematic literature review","volume":"20","author":"Ramanauskaite","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12146","article-title":"Antibiotics in dental practice: how justified are we","volume":"65","author":"Oberoi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2014008117","article-title":"Current nanotechnological strategies for an effective delivery of drugs in treatment of periodontal disease","volume":"31","author":"Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030121","article-title":"Iontophoretic drug delivery in the oral cavity","volume":"10","author":"Wanasathop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/94890","article-title":"Local drug delivery in periodontitis treatment: a review of contemporary literature","volume":"55","author":"Szulc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12071574","article-title":"Polymeric carriers for delivery systems in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease","volume":"12","author":"Zi\u0119ba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.935531","article-title":"Advanced drug delivery approaches against periodontitis","volume":"23","author":"Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.06.038","article-title":"Local drug delivery systems in the management of periodontitis: a scientific review","volume":"307","author":"R H","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib14","first-page":"937","article-title":"Minocycline HCl concentration in periodontal pocket after administration of LS007","volume":"29","author":"R R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Japanese Society of Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.07.029","article-title":"Transdermal insulin delivery using choline-based ionic liquids (CAGE)","volume":"286","author":"Tanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13313","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1403995111","article-title":"Ionic liquids as a class of materials for transdermal delivery and pathogen neutralization","volume":"111","author":"Zakrewsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201600086","article-title":"Choline and geranate deep eutectic solvent as a broad-spectrum antiseptic agent for preventive and therapeutic applications","volume":"5","author":"Zakrewsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib18","first-page":"294","article-title":"Detection of Th17\/Treg cells and related factors in gingival tissues and peripheral blood of rats with experimental periodontitis","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.11.028","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid on experimental periodontitis in rats","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0130","article-title":"Antimicrobial function of the polyunsaturated fatty acid KetoC in an experimental model of periodontitis","volume":"90","author":"Sulijaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib22","series-title":"Neuroscience","author":"Purves","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6042","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0495340","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice","volume":"52","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490168","article-title":"Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"92","author":"Marcenes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00563.x","article-title":"The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance","volume":"31","author":"Axelsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01131.x","article-title":"On the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Results of a 15-year longitudinal study in adults","volume":"18","author":"Axelsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01646.x","article-title":"Microbial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of destructive periodontal diseases: a critical assessment","volume":"26","author":"Socransky 1","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Periodontal. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028006544.x","article-title":"Concentration of interleukin-1beta and neutrophil elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during experimental gingivitis","volume":"28","author":"Gonz\u00e1les","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11020096","article-title":"Ionic liquids as potential and synergistic permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Sidat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218298","article-title":"The role of ionic liquids in the pharmaceutical field: an overview of relevant applications","volume":"21","author":"Pedro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7296","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722338115","article-title":"Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery","volume":"115","author":"Banerjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.03.018","article-title":"Oral delivery of sorafenib through spontaneous formation of ionic liquid nanocomplexes","volume":"322","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.07.037","article-title":"Ionic liquid-mediated delivery of insulin to buccal mucosa","volume":"327","author":"Vaidya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2008.00260.x","article-title":"Home-use oral hygiene products: mouthrinses","volume":"48","author":"Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01972.x","article-title":"Access to subgingival plaque by disclosing agents using mouthrinsing and direct irrigation","volume":"7","author":"Pitcher","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12121","article-title":"Antibiotics\/antimicrobials:systemic and local administration in the therapy of mild to moderately advanced periodontitis","volume":"71","author":"Jepsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The keystone-pathogen hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00053","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis: an overview of periodontopathic pathogen below the gum line","volume":"7","author":"How","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00486","article-title":"Mechanism of antibacterial activity of choline-based ionic liquids (CAGE)","volume":"4","author":"Ibsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2005.00145.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled clinical trials on agents used for chemical plaque control","volume":"3","author":"Paraskevas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00105.x","article-title":"Chlorhexidine: is it still the gold standard?","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.291101.x","article-title":"Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review","volume":"29","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."}],"container-title":["Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0142961221004257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0142961221004257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T17:05:40Z","timestamp":1758906340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0142961221004257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0142961221004257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-9612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-9612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Topical treatment of periodontitis using an iongel","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomaterials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121069"}}