{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:48:22Z","timestamp":1793162902061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T01:50:52Z","timestamp":1574646652000},"page":"103467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of dihydroartemisinin derivatives with potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Mei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe-Shan","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.09.013","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic study on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. infections in black bears (Ursus americanus) in Pennsylvania, USA","volume":"229","author":"Dubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17096","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.96","article-title":"Toxoplasma depends on lysosomal consumption of autophagosomes for persistent infection","volume":"2","author":"Di Cristina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.007","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Dubey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and infancy A new approach of Switzerland","volume":"138","author":"Rudin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Weekly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0025","first-page":"101","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV-infected patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital","volume":"3","author":"Osunkalu","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.3.763","article-title":"In vitro effects of sulfadiazine and its metabolites alone and in combination with pyrimethamine on Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"39","author":"Schoondermark-van de Ven","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2018_262","article-title":"Adverse reactions in antifolate-treated toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis","volume":"1108","author":"Borkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Trends Immunity Respiratory Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S122178","article-title":"Inorganic nanoparticles kill Toxoplasma gondii via changes in redox status and mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"12","author":"Adeyemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.05.010","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic modelling of the anti-malarial drug artesunate and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin","volume":"112","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2014.09.048","article-title":"Synthesis and synergetic anti-tumor activity evaluation of dihydroartemisinin-organogermanium(IV) compound","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0055","first-page":"752","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin exhibits anti-glioma stem cell activity through inhibiting p-AKT and activating caspase-3","volume":"69","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt346","article-title":"Stability and antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus of artemisinin derivatives","volume":"69","author":"Flobinus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.73","article-title":"Effects of artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, and an artesunate-dihydroartemisinin combination against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"62","author":"Sarciron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.10.1961","article-title":"Inhibition of growth of Toxoplasma gondii by qinghaosu and derivatives","volume":"34","author":"Ke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0075","first-page":"313","article-title":"Metabolism of \u03b2-arteether to dihydroqinghaosu by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450","volume":"26","author":"Grace","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2015.09.028","article-title":"Design, synthesis and antibacterial study of new potent and selective coumarin-chalcone derivatives for the treatment of tenacibaculosis","volume":"23","author":"Vazquez-Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorgan. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.04.049","article-title":"Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.07.080","article-title":"Oleanolic acid and its derivatives: New inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with cellular activities","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.08.087","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of novel arctigenin derivatives as potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents","volume":"158","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.105","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition enhances anticancer efficacy of artepillin C, a cinnamic acid derivative in Brazilian green propolis","volume":"497","author":"Endo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.1408-05","article-title":"Synthesis and anticancer activity of new thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles based on cinnamic acid amides","volume":"82","author":"Lozynskyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00630-18","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle-conjugated cinnamic acid exhibits antiacanthamoebic and antibacterial properties","volume":"62","author":"Anwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.10.056","article-title":"Indole and benzimidazole bichalcophenes: synthesis, DNA binding and antiparasitic activity","volume":"143","author":"Farahat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2011-5-605","article-title":"Indole alkaloids from Aspidosperma rigidum and A. schultesii and their antiparasitic effects","volume":"66","author":"Reina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch., C: J. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040774","article-title":"In vitro anti-Toxoplasma gondii and antimicrobial activity of amides derived from cinnamic acid","volume":"23","author":"Silveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0130","first-page":"171","article-title":"Anti-toxoplasma activity of 2-(Naphthalene-2-\u03b3lthiol)-1H Indole","volume":"10","author":"Asgari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01256-06","article-title":"Quinoline derivative MC1626, a putative GCN5 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, exhibits HAT-independent activity against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.10.006","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: a simple high-throughput assay for drug screening in vitro","volume":"121","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0145","first-page":"303","article-title":"An examination of commercial kits for the determination of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum","volume":"95","author":"Hollands","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0150","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2019.1584622","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of ursolic acid derivatives bearing triazole moieties as potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents","volume":"34","author":"Luan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43\/1","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11020043","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-toxoplasma gondii effect of ursolic acid as a novel toxoplasmosis inhibitor","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20462","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA01841C","article-title":"Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of eburicoic acid, a triterpenoid compound from Antrodia camphorata, by regulation of Akt phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, and PPAR in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00363-09","article-title":"Stability of peroxide antimalarials in the presence of human hemoglobin","volume":"53","author":"Creek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01152-16","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of chirally defined side chain variants of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline to overcome drug resistance in malaria chemotherapy","volume":"61","author":"Dola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7971","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15117971","article-title":"Structural necessity of indole C5-O-substitution of seco-duocarmycin analogs for their cytotoxic activity","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.04.048","article-title":"Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde derivatives as inhibitors of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.31.2273","article-title":"Anti-toxoplasmosis effects of Oleuropein Isolated from Fraxinus rhychophylla","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2018.11.037","article-title":"Biological evaluation and structure activity relationship of 9-methyl-1-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives as anti-leishmanial agents","volume":"84","author":"Ashok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.07.042","article-title":"Indole-fused azepines and analogues as anticancer lead molecules: privileged findings and future directions","volume":"142","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","article-title":"History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"39","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4574","article-title":"Acute toxoplasmosis leads to lethal overproduction of Th1 cytokines","volume":"167","author":"Mordue","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061245","article-title":"Transcriptional responses in the murine spleen after toxoplasma gondii infection: inflammasome and mucus-associated genes","volume":"18","author":"Znalesniak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2018-205066","article-title":"The liver as an organ at risk for Toxoplasma transmission during transplantation: myth or reality?","volume":"71","author":"Autier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.09.007","article-title":"Effect of pentylenetetrazole and sound stimulation induced single and repeated convulsive seizures on the MDA, GSH and NO levels, and SOD activities in rat liver and kidney tissues","volume":"83","author":"Dillioglugil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2016.1255953","article-title":"Acetaminophen toxicity in rat and mouse hepatocytes in vitro","volume":"40","author":"Kucera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2014.422","article-title":"Severe toxoplasmic hepatitis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"68","author":"Atilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200039","article-title":"Acute acquired toxoplasmosis: clinical-laboratorial aspects and ophthalmologic evaluation in a cohort of immunocompetent patients","volume":"104","author":"Neves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem I. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2016.0135","article-title":"Major immunodominant region of hepatitis B Virus core antigen as a delivery vector to improve the immunogenicity of the fusion antigen ROP2-SAG1 multiepitope from toxoplasma gondii in mice","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872014001200009","article-title":"Effects of alpha lipoic acid and pirfenidone on liver cells antioxidant modulation against oxidative damage","volume":"142","author":"Macias-Barragan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157906","article-title":"Correlation between cyclin dependent kinases and artemisinin-induced dormancy in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045206819310065?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045206819310065?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T07:59:25Z","timestamp":1758614365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045206819310065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0045206819310065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-2068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-2068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of dihydroartemisinin derivatives with potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103467","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103467"}}