{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:46:57Z","timestamp":1786985217585,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1100800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1100800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:02:03Z","timestamp":1770912123000},"page":"109627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rapid discovery of repurposed drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike HR1 by DNA-encoded library screening"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Qingao","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0005","first-page":"1824","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review","volume":"323","author":"Sanders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","article-title":"Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"19","author":"V'kovski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb1469","article-title":"New coronavirus outbreak: framing questions for pandemic prevention","volume":"12","author":"Layne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq2679","article-title":"ACE2-binding exposes the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide to broadly neutralizing coronavirus antibodies","volume":"377","author":"Low","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm8143","article-title":"Antibody-mediated broad sarbecovirus neutralization through ACE2 molecular mimicry","volume":"375","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2024.09.008","article-title":"Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 omicron spike trimers during fusion activation at single molecule resolution","volume":"32","author":"Dey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0305-x","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn5658","article-title":"Structure and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike refolding in membranes","volume":"385","author":"Grunst","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav4580","article-title":"A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike","volume":"5","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63101-1","article-title":"A broadly neutralizing antibody recognizes a unique epitope with a signature motif common across coronaviruses","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.01.012","article-title":"Early fusion intermediate of ACE2-using coronavirus spike acting as an antiviral target","volume":"188","author":"Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0065","article-title":"Electron tomography visualization of HIV-1 virions trapped by fusion inhibitors to host cells in infected tissues","volume":"98","author":"Ladinsky Mark","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0374-2","article-title":"Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0075","first-page":"114","article-title":"Enfuvirtide","volume":"10","author":"Machala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Klin. Mikrobiol. Infekc. Lek."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-8702-0_2","article-title":"Peptide-based HIV entry inhibitors","volume":"1366","author":"Pu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2025.104390","article-title":"Therapeutic innovation in drug repurposing: challenges and opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Recino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0090","article-title":"Drug repurposing: a promising drug discovery strategy for the treatment of emerging epidemic infectious disease","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Divers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0095","article-title":"Early use of oral antiviral drugs and the risk of post COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2025.130243","article-title":"Mini review: SHEN26, a novel oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 treatment","volume":"124","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9254","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201901485","article-title":"Functionality-independent DNA encoding of complex natural products","volume":"58","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0110","article-title":"A small molecule selected from a DNA-encoded library of natural products that binds to TNF-\u03b1 and attenuates inflammation in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.10.001","article-title":"Evolution of chemistry and selection technology for DNA-encoded library","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2025.08.008","article-title":"DNA-compatible chemistry for DNA-encoded libraries and beyond","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00713-6","article-title":"Small-molecule discovery through DNA-encoded libraries","volume":"22","author":"Peterson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0130","article-title":"Crystal structures of fusion cores from CCoV-HuPn-2018 and SADS-CoV","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3390\/v17030343","article-title":"Structures of HCoV-OC43 HR1 domain in complex with cognate HR2 or analogue EK1 peptide","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00325-1","article-title":"Salvianolic acid C potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the formation of six-helix bundle core of spike protein","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl4784","article-title":"An oral SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"374","author":"Owen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Bioorganic Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004520682600163X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004520682600163X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:58:45Z","timestamp":1772891925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004520682600163X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S004520682600163X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-2068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-2068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rapid discovery of repurposed drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike HR1 by DNA-encoded library screening","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2026.109627","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109627"}}